Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Various aspects of soil and tree layer vegetation analysis in tropical dry deciduous forest of Hastinapur
Get PDFDifferent parameters of Soil and vegetation analysis were carried out in Tropical dry deciduous forest of Hastinapur region of Uttar Pradesh. Vegetation of present study sites showed effects of various anthropogenic disturbances. The highly disturbed stand I showed low tree density while less disturbed stand III showed high tree density and good regeneration pattern. D-D curve were also drawn on the basis of the IVI of different species. Population structure of different tree species was drawn to understand the regeneration pattern. The most characteristic feature of the forest is dominance of xerophytic species and open forest canopy due to disturbances. Overgrazing and other biotic factors are making the area poor both in nutrient and top soil, which will eventually result in desertification of the Hastinapur in long run
Geo-electrical mapping and groundwater potential zoning in some selected pockets of Baromura hill of Tripura (India)
Get PDFBaromura hill of Tripura is characterised by complex geology and very rugged landform. Water scarcity is a very general problem for the remote hilly villages of this area. Thus groundwater is considered as one of the most valuable natural resources in hilly villages of Baromura hill. The present study aims to prepare small area survey based geo-electrical mapping for understanding groundwater condition in some selected pockets of the study area. For that purpose one hill slope and one trough shaped low land (locally known as lunga) was selected. Soil resistivity meter was used for electrical survey. A circle plot was prepared for geo-electrical survey on the basis of which geo-electrical maps were drawn. In the studied hill slope morphology four sectors of ground water conditions were observed according to their electrical resistivity character namely shallowest zone, medium zone, deep zone and very deep zone. The trough shaped low land (lunga) is characterised by comparatively shallower condition of groundwater and it was divided into five classes namely near surface water, very shallow zone, shallow zone, medium shallow zone and medium zone. Though the depth of the water bearing strata cannot be detected by this method it is very suitable for understanding the groundwater potential zones in remote places like present study area
Relationship of susceptibility and growth stages of plant for development of epidemic of sheath blight in rice
Get PDFThe present paper deals with most susceptible growth stage of rice with different farms and quantitiy of inoculum for development of sheath blight of rice by Rhizoctonia solani.Among seven different growth stages of rice crop i.e. seedling, initial tillering, maximum tillering, boot leaf, panicle emergence, flowering and dough stage, the flowering stage was found to be most susceptible and highly prone for sheath blight development, while seedling stage was found to be least susceptible and with low proneness for disease development. Disease severity, number and length of lesions get increased with the increasing crop growth stages up to flowering stage and thereafter disease severity decreases with the increases in further growth stages of rice plant. Among four different growth stages of the pathogen (inoculum capacity) i.e. five days old mycelium, seven days old mycelium, milky sclerotial stage and mature sclerotial stage which were inoculated at maximum tillering stage of rice plants, five days old mycelial inoculum was found to be most virulent. Disease severity decreased and incubation period increased with further ageing of inoculum. Among five different amount of inoculum (inoculum density) i.e. 0.20 mg, 5.50 mg, 6.00 mg, 7.00 mg and 8.00 mg of sclerotial inoculum, which were inoculated at maximum tillering stage of rice plants, highest disease severity and minimum incubation period was observed with 8.00 mg amount of sclerotial inoculum. Whereas, least disease severity and longest incubation period was observed when inoculation was done with 0.2 mg of sclerotial inoculum
A study on presence of bioactive compounds in snail Achantina fulica
Get PDFThe bioactivity study of the crude extract as well as the pure compounds isolated by preparative TLC, of the snail were carried on bacteria, Escherichia coli PBR 322, Vibrio cholerae and cockroaches Periplanata americana. The growth of the bacteria was found to be inhibited and the cockroaches in moribund condition were found to be dead after a period of 24 hrs of incubation. The results concluded that the extract of the snail contained the bioactive compounds
Influence of sugar mill effluent on physico-chemical characteristics of soil at Haridwar (Uttarakhand), India
Get PDFThe influence of seven rates of Sugar mill effluent (viz. 0, 5, 10 25, 50, 75 and 100 ml/kg soil) along with control (Bore-well water, BWW) on the physical and chemical properties of soils revealed that among various concentrations of the effluents, the irrigation with 100% effluent concentration decreased moisture content (20.44%),WHC (13.80%), BD (4.14%) and increased pH (9.56%), EC (64.28%), ECEC (149.25%), Cl- (194.71%), OC (3228.89%), HCO3- (22.34%), CO3-2 (29.38%), Na + (185.48%), K+(53.40%), Ca2+ (1262.24%), Mg2+ (1818.24%), TKN (1206.36%), NO32- (80.87%), PO43- (236.04%), SO42- (72.08%), Fe2+ (234.34%), Zn (317.72%), Cd (404.35%), Cu (374.90%), Pb (645.71%) and Cr (1024.80%) in the soil when compared to control. There was a significant (P<0.001) effect on EC, pH, Cl-, OC, HCO3- , CO32- , Na + , K + , Ca2+, Mg 2+, Fe 2+, TKN, NO3 2- , PO4 3- and SO42- , Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr and Pb and insignificant (P>0.05) effect on moisture content, WHC and bulk density after sugar mill effluent irrigation when compared to control. There was no momentous change in the soil texture of the soil. The enrichment factor (Ef) of various micronutrients in the soil was recorded in order of Cr>Pb>Cd>Cu>Zn after irrigation with sugar mill effluent
Studies on trematode parasites of air breathing fishes of Awangsoi Lake, Manipur
Get PDFThe present investigation deals with a systematic survey of trematode parasites of air breathing fishes from Awangsoi Lake collected during 2008-2009. The air breathing fishes found in Awangsoi Lake are Channa punctatus, Clarias batrachus, Channa striatus, Channa orientalis, Anabas testudineus and Heteropneustes fossilis. During the study period the following 5 species of trematodes were collected : Clinostomum complanatum, Allocreadium handia, Allocreadium fasciatusi, Astiotrema reniferum and Genarcopsis goppo. The percentage of abundance was found to be maximum in Astiotrema reniferum and Anabas testudineus harbours the maximum number of parasites
A review on systematic study of cellulose
Get PDFThis review attempts to bring together basic and systematic information which has been gathered on cellulose structure, types, principally that of native cellulose, over the last few decades. Even though advances have been made in the field of crystallography, powder crystallography cannot yield a definitive cellulose structure and single crystal diffraction is not possible due to the lack of suitable crystals. Knowledge obtained on the biosynthesis of native cellulose and on the polymorphy of cellulose and its derivatives help our understanding of ultrastructure. Many inconsistencies between early crystallographic studies of native cellulose have been clarified by the discovery that two polymorphs (á and â) of cellulose I exist. Models of the possible ultrastructural arrangements within native cellulose have been put forward over the decades; with advancement in technology, computer simulations of small and large systems are being created to test the viability of these ultrastructural models. It is hoped that this review will aid in the understanding of the complexity and uncertainties that still exist in this subject
Pattern of lipid fractions in plasma and cardiovascular tissues under Cryptorchidism in albino rat
Get PDFBilateral cryptorchidism was induced surgically in adult wistar strain male albino rats and lipid fractions such as total lipids, total cholesterol, Free cholesterol, Esterified cholesterol, phospholipids, Triglycerides and free fatty acids were analysed in the plasma, heart and dorsal aorta. The lipid fractions such as triglycerides (56.63%), free (20.82%) and esterified (61.25%) cholesterol as well as fatty acids in glycerol (64.42%) had significant elevation in the plasma of cryptorchid animals. Similarly LDL lipid fractions (64.99%) were also elevated markedly undercryptorchid conditions which are the markers of the obesity and atherosclerosis. The lipid fractions such as triglycerides (50.47%, 48.17%), cholesterol (74.64%, 67.7%) and phospholipids (42.04%, 68.88%) showed significant elevations in the heart and dorsal aorta of the cryptorchid animals over the control. The heart, dorsal aorta and plasma had significant accumulation of triglycerides and cholesterol fractions, suggesting the possible deposition of lipid fractions in the tissues, which can be attributed to the possible suppression in the mobilization of lipid fractions into energy metabolism. Such an accumulation of lipid fractions under cryptorchid condition can be considered as the development of risk factor for the cardio-vascular disorders
Conservation of an endemic medicinal plant, Anaphalis eliptica DC. by employing plant tissue culture technique
Get PDFThe plant species, Anaphalis elliptica DC. (Asteraceae) is a medicinal herb endemic to high hills of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, the Western Ghats. The in vitro propagation study of this species by using leaf, node and shoot tip explants, revealed the following results: Among the three explants used, leaf and node responded well for callus and shoot initiations respectively. The leaf explant produced callus effectively (91%) in the MS medium supplemented with BAP and NAA at 2.5 and 0.3 mg/l respectively, whereas the nodal explant produced higher amount of shoots (92%) in the basal medium containing the growth regulator, BAP alone at 3.0 mg/l. The leaf derived callus produced higher (80%) shoot initials and shoot multiplication in the MS medium augmented with BAP and NAA at 3.0 and 0.5mg/l respectively. Similarly, the in vitro nodal derived shoots produced higher shoot multiplication (87%) in MS medium supplemented with BAP at 3.0mg/l. The regenerated shoots of both the explants were successfully rooted on MS medium supplemented with IBA and NAA at 1.0mg/l each. After sequential hardening the leaf callus derived plantlets registered higher survivability rate (80%) in the hardening medium containing decomposed coir waste, perlite and compost in the ratio of 1:1:1 by volume. Similarly, the survivability rate of nodal derived plantlets was higher (84%) in the hardening medium composed by vermicompost and soil in the ratio of 1:1 by volume
Feeding and reproductive behaviour of pigeon slender louse, Columbicola columbae (Phthiraptera, Insecta, Ischnocera)
Get PDFColumbicola columbae, the pigeon slender louse mostly feeds upon the barbules of feathers but in addition to this it also feeds upon skin scurf, epidermal scales, sheaths of growing feathers, pellicle of skin etc. C. columbae is exclusively keratin feeder and does not take host blood. Any sex or stage related difference in feeding habit has not been recorded. It neither harbours any triturating agent in the crop nor is involved in cannibalism or predation. C. columbae exhibits sub-feminal mating behaviour (i.e., the male is under the female). Completecopulation lasts about 10 hours. The louse prefers the wing and tail feathers for oviposition. The eggs are generally laid on the ventral surface of the first row of undercoverts of wing feathers. Every event that takes place prior to eclosion of nymph, the time required for detachment of operculum and the freeing of nymph has been noted during hatching