Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Effect of Saccharomyces boulardii and Lactobacillus acidophilus fermentation on little millet (Panicum sumatrense)
Get PDFThe fermentation of little millet (Panicum sumatrense) carried out by probiotic yeast (Saccharomyces boulardii) and lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus acidophilus). The germinated little millets grains were fermented for 5 days grains were dried and grounded in a grinder and sieved. The sieved flours were analyzed for proximate composition, minerals and phytic acid content. The results showed that the little millet fermented by combined inoculation of Saccharomyces boulardii and L. acidophilus significantly enhanced protein content (10.95%) and decreases the fat (2.61%) and carbohydrate (82.01%) and single inoculation with L. acidophilus decreased the fibre (1.05%) and ash (2.30%). Single inoculation of L. acidophilus enhanced the minerals content Ca (41.44mg), Mg (141.08 mg), phosphorus (238.43mg), Fe (7.98 mg) and Zn (4.69mg) and over dual inoculation and control treatments. Similarly, Single inoculationof Lactobacillus acidophilus showed significant reduction in phytic acid (114.76 mg) content over dual inoculation (126.49 mg) and control (188.95 mg) treatments. The results indicated that fermentation of little millet by L. acidophilus enhanced mineral contents and reduction in phytic acid content
Disease and pest management in apple: Farmers\u27 perception and adoption in J&K state
Get PDFDiseases and pests are one of the limiting factors for low productivity of the fruit crops in Kashmir valley, India. A study on management of resources with respect to disease and pest management of apple and extent of adoption of recommended plant protection technology was undertaken for increasing apple production in Kashmir valley of J and K State. District Baramulla was selected purposively on the basis of maximum area and production under apple crop. A sample size of 200 apple growers 50 each from 4 villages were selected randomly. The study revealed that the perception index regarding attributes of technology recommended in two diseases viz. San Jose Scale and Apple Scab was 68.88% and 80.76% in respect of profitability (83.97%), simplicity-complexity each 63.57% and 54.27 % for practicability attributes of technology. The data further showed that the farmers adoption level under Chemical control was high at silver tip to green tip stage (80%) and fruit let pea size stage (78%) and medium adoption was observed at pink bloom (bud) stage (74%), petal fall stage (74%) walnut size apple stage (70%) on Apple Scab similarly, the extent of adoption was low (45%) for mechanical and no chemical control measures under clean cultivation. In case of San Jose Scale the farmers adoption level regarding name of chemical, its dose, quantity of water required per acre for preparing spray solution and time of spray at late dormant spray, (feb, March) was high (80%). The findings will help to improve the level of farmers’ knowledge to increase apple production in Kashmir valley
Effect of cultivars and seed size on field performance of potato micro-tubers in North Eastern Himalayan region in India
Get PDFThe present study was carried out at Central Potato Research Station, Shillong during 2013 and 2014 to assess the growth and yield performance of three grades of in-vitro produced micro-tubers viz. >8 mm, 4-8 mm and <4 mm of two potato (Solanum tuberosum) cultivars namely Kufri Girdhari and Kufri Megha under field planting conditions. The experiment was laid out in a randomised block design with four replications using a common spacing of 50 × 20 cm. The larger grade micro-tubers generally exhibited better physiological growth as well as yield parameters. The larger sized micro-tuber (>8 mm) showed significantly superior plant survival, canopy cover, plant height, number of compound leaves per plant, number of stems per plant and plant vigour followed by 4-8 mm grade and <4 mm grade micro-tubers. Similar trend was observed for all the yield parameters. Among varieties, Kufri Girdhari out performed Kufri Megha in all the growth and yield parameters in all the micro-tuber grades. Thus both micro-tuber size and genotype influenced the field performance. The overall finding indicates that micro-tubers irrespective of the size for both the varieties can produce mini-tubers successfully under direct field conditions in the NEH region which will facilitate quality seed production
Analytical study of training needs of olive growers in various subject matter areas of olive cultivation in Uri Block of district Baramulla, J&K, India
Get PDFThe main purpose of this study was to know the training needs of olive growers in different subject matter areas of olive cultivation undertaken in Uri block of district Baramulla of Jammu and Kashmir State. A sample size of 150 respondents was randomly selected from 5 villages and from each village 30 farmers were selected randomly. It was observed during the study that majority of farmers require training and with emphasis on latest transfer of technology in establishing olive farm, procurement of root stocks of improved varieties, soil management,proper spacing and planting, manures and fertilizers, irrigation and drainage, insect-pests and diseases, harvesting and marketing, etc. The area of insect-pests and diseases require high training need followed by soil management, selection of varieties, manures and fertilizers, harvesting and marketing, irrigation and drainage, establishing olive farm and procurement of root-stocks of improved varieties. Therefore, the study has highlighted the need for restructuring the training programme to benefit the olive growers in the region. Such an approach would boost production and generate additional income for the orchardists
Inhibitory effect of bacterial antagonists on the growth of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi.) Goid. Causing charcoal rot of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) invitro
Get PDFCharcoal rot caused by Macrophominaphaseolinais a major disease causing in sunflower plant. The pathogen invasion occurs from the seedling to maturity stage. To overcome this problem in vitro, sensitivity of M. phaseolina was determined through inhibition zone technique to various isolates of antagonistic bacteria like seven isolates of Pseudomonas fluorescens (EPf2, EDPf3, APf4, CPf5, MPf6, KPf7 and Pf1)and seven isolates Bacillus subtilis (EBs1, EDBs2, ABs3, CBs4, MBs5, KBs6 and Bs10) amended into PDA medium. The results showed that the entire bacterial antagonist were effective against the fungus M. phaseolina and exhibited appreciable amount of inhibition. Among these bacterial antagonist significantly compared to the control P.fluorescens (Pf1) proved to be the most effective (71.49 %) with an inhibition zone of 5.00 mm reducing the colony growth of M. Phaseolina followed B. subtilis (65.92 %)inhibition zone of 17.80 mm respectively over control. However, from these studies it is concluded that an isolate of various antagonist can vary in its sclerotia producing ability on root
A review on plant growth promoting rhizobacteria acting as bioinoculants and their biological approach towards the production of sustainable agriculture
Get PDFPlant growth promoting rhizobacteria are the soil bacteria inhabiting around/on the root surface and are directly or indirectly involved in promoting plant growth and development via production and secretion of various regulatory chemicals in the vicinity of rhizosphere. There has been much research interest in PGPB and there is now an increasing number of PGPB being commercialized for various crops. Today a lot of efforts have been made for searching and investigating the PGPB and their mode of action, so that they can be exploited commercially as biofertilizers. Because of the various challenges faced in screening, formulation, and application, PGPB have yet to fulfill their promise and potential as commercial inoculants. Recent progress in our understanding of their diversity, colonization ability, mechanisms of action, formulation, and application should facilitate their development as reliablecomponents in the management of sustainable agricultural systems. Several reviews have discussed specific aspects of PGPB as bioinoculants. We have tried to critically evaluate the current status of bacterial inoculants for contemporary agriculture in developed and developing countries. This review focuses on some important information regarding the biofertilizing potential of some important group of microbes, their formulations, their application for the development of sustainable technology, scope of improvement by genetic engineering, steps to be undertaken for their commercialization and their future prospects
Development of value added Pasta with incorporation of malted finger millet flour
Get PDFThis study considers the replacement of Semolina with malted finger millet flour containing wide range of nutrients in enrichment of pasta. The changes in nutritional constituents and bioactive compounds (TPC, Radical Scavenging Activity) of pasta were examined by adding malted finger millet flour to the pasta formulations at the level of 0 (T0), 10 (T1), 20 (T2), 30 (T3), 40 (T4) and 50 (T5) per cent flour replacement. The results indicated that T4 sample of finger millet flour added pasta contained more protein content i.e. 12.65 g compared to that of control pasta (T0) i.e. 7 g. Same way the calorie content of value added pasta was higher i.e. 409.94 Kcal/100 g as compared to control pasta (T0) i.e. 324.40 Kcal/100 g. Calcium content of value added pasta was comparatively very high i.e. 170.4 mg/100 g as compared to 15.3 mg/100 g of control. As far TPC content & DPPH % were considered, T4 sample of pasta have higher amount of both i.e. 220 mg Gallic acid eq. & 53.38 % as compared to control pasta (T0) i.e. 220 mg Gallic acid eq. & 17.59 % respectively. Pasta and related products are the most popular are the most popular food worldwide. Usually pasta and other extruded products are high in starch but low in dietary fiber, minerals and vitamins. The present study clearly indicates that the use of malted finger millet flour will improve nutritional quality of pasta in terms of antioxidant activity
Field dissipation of pendimethalin and alachlor in sandy clay loam soil and its terminal residues in sunflower (Helianthus annus L.)
Get PDFField experiments were conducted with sunflower as a test crop during 2010-11 to study the dissipation kinetics and the persistence of pendimethalin and alachlor in sandy clay loam soil and its terminal residues in sunflower. Herbicides were applied at recommended and double the recommended dose along with control and the treatments were replicated thrice in randomized block design. The soil and plant samples collected at periodical intervals for herbicides residue determination using GC equipped with ECD detector. Results shows that the degradation of both the herbicides in soil was faster at higher dose of application than at the lower dose and the concentration decreased with the advancement in crop growth. While pendimethalin persisted in soil for 60 – 90 days, the alachlor persisted in soil for 30 - 45 days depending on the quantity of application. Degradation of both the herbicides in soil followed first order kinetics with the mean half life of 14.6 and 9.8 days respectively for pendimethalin and alachlor. Residues of these herbicides were below 0.001 mg/kg at the time of harvest in soil, sunflower seeds and stalks showed that these herbicides a can be safely used for the control of weeds in sunflower cultivation
Evaluation of stem rot disease in jute (Corchorus olitorius) germplasm caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid
Get PDFThis study was aimed to identify more sources of resistance in jute germplasm (Corchorus olitorius) against deadly disease of stem rot. Thirteen C. olitorius jute germplasm including one standard check (JRO-524) were evaluated against stem rot disease at Barrackpore, Coochbehar and Bahraich location for two consecutive years 2012-2013. Out of thirteen germplasms of jute, six germplasms OIN-853, OIN-651, OIN-154, OIN-125, OEX-27 and OIN-467, with disease rating scale (1.1-5) were found moderately resistant against the stem rot disease at Barrackpore and Bahraich location. Whereas, OIN-270, OIN-932, OIN-270, OIJ-52, OIN-270, OEX-15 and OIN-853 with disease rating scale (5.1-10.0) were found moderately susceptible at all the three location. Rest of the lines were either susceptible or highly susceptible. These germplasm lines OIN-853, OIN-651, OIN-154, OIN-125, OEX-27 and OIN-467, possessed good degree of resistance against stem rot of jute and were found moderately resistant under natural epiphytotic condition at Barrackpore and Bahraich location that would be further exploited for resistance breeding programme against this deadly disease
Combining ability analysis for various yield and quality traits in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Get PDFAn investigation was undertaken to assess the combining ability for yield and quality traits in rice. Three WA cytoplasmic male sterile lines of rice i.e., IR-58025A, IR-68897A and Pusa 6A were crossed with six restorer genotypes i.e., Sanwal Basmati, Pusa Sugandh-2, Pusa Sugandh-3, Pusa Sugandh-5, Pusa 2517-2-51-1 and HURJM- 59221 in line x tester design to generate 18 hybrids. Among the female parents, IR-58025A revealed significant desirable value of GCA effect for yield per plant and most of the quality traits. Among the pollen parents, Pusa Sugandh-3 revealed significant desirable value of GCA effect for most of the yield traits. However, Pusa Sugandh-5 revealed significant desirable value of GCA effect for most of the quality traits. Pusa 6A x Pusa Sugandh-2 evinced the highest significant value of SCA effect for grain yield followed by IR-58025A x Pusa Sugandh-5. However, IR- 68897A x Pusa 2517-2-51-1 followed by IR-58025A x Sanwal Basmati revealed the significant desirable value of SCA effect for most of the quality traits. For both yield and quality traits, IR-58025A x Pusa Sugandh-5, IR-68897A x HUR-JM-59221 and Pusa 6A x Pusa Sugandh-2 were found to be relatively better performing. Thus, present study aims to develop hybrids performing better for both yield and quality traits