Journal of Applied and Natural Science
Not a member yet
2928 research outputs found
Sort by
Yield enhancement of chilli through integrated crop management in Kalaburagi district of Karnataka, India
Get PDFOne of the major reasons of low productivity in chilli is the lack of technical knowledge of the farmers about judicious and timely implementation of the management strategies against the major biotic stresses (insect pests and diseases) which ultimately reduce its return. Considering the integrated crop management on need based plant protection in vegetables was conducted in farmer’s fields at different villages of the Kalaburagi district, under northern part of Karnataka, during the period from 2011-12 to 2013-14 show the productivity potential and profitability of improved technologies. The results showed that, on an average the highest yield achieved by adopting integrated crop management was 260.17 quintals ha-1, whereas the corresponding yield ranged under farmer’s practices was to 235.243 quintals ha-1 of green chillies. Adoption of integrated crop management will increase the yield 10.56% over farmer practices. The average technological gap, extension gap and technological index were noticed 139.83 quintals ha-1, 24.92 quintals ha-1 and 34.95 % respectively. The economics of data indicated that an average of Rs. 1,64,500 ha-1 was recorded net profit under recommended practices while it was Rs 129976.7 ha-1 under farmer practices. Cost benefit ratio was 3.07 under demonstration, while it was 2.35 under farmer practices. Practicing of integrated crop management with improved technologies will improve the farmer socio-economical level
Oil content and fatty acid composition of soybean (Glysine max L.) genotypes evaluated under rainfed conditions of Kashmir Himalayas in India
Get PDFSoybean (Glycine max), a multipurpose crop with much appreciated nutritional and functional properties, has generated a lot of interest during last few decades for improving its cultivation and characteristics. Besides having a great potential of energy-protein malnutrition eradication, it can contribute greatly to edible oil pool in the region. This study investigates some agro-morphological characters, besides seed oil content and fatty acid composition of two local soybean genotypes labeled as S/D-18 and S/D-22 grown under rainfed conditions of Kashmir Himalayas in India. The genotype S/D-22 matured earlier than that of S/D-18. Seed yield/plant of 18.5 g (S/D-18) and 20.1g (S/D-22) was recorded in these genotypes with 100-seed weight of 14.3 g and 14.7 g respectively. Seeds of genotype S/D-18 yielded an oil content of 19.54% while in genotype S/D-22 oil content of 19.74% was recorded. Fatty acids of myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and linoleinic were detected and quantified in the oil extracted from the seeds of these genotypes. Saturated fatty acids constituted 11.88%(S/D-18) and 11.42%(S/D-22) while unsaturated fatty acids constituted 88.12% (S/D-18) and 88.58% (S/D-22) of the oil. The study has thus, revealed that under dry land conditions, although soybean seed yield/plant is lesser, percentage oil content and fatty acid composition essentially remained unaltered and that significant differences can occur in individual fatty acid contents between genotypes
Combining ability and gene interaction study for yield, its attributing traits and quality in common wheat
Get PDFCombining ability and nature of gene interactions that contribute to yield and its attributing traits were investigated using 21 wheat hybrids developed by crossing 7 varieties in a half diallel mating design. Estimate of GCA effects exhibited that the parents UP2672, UP2526 and WH542 were identified as good general combiners revealing their ability in transmitting additive genes in desirable direction to their progenies. Hybrid viz., PBW 621 × UP 2425 (15.125) found to be the best specific crosses for grain yield plant-1, whether, WH 542 × HD 2967 (22.587) and UP 2526 × UP 2425 (14.490) had the highest SCA for biological yield plant-1 and harvest index, respectively. However, the best specific cross combinations for other characters were found for WH 542 × QLD 40 (-3.694) for days to maturity, PBW 621 × UP 2526 (-3.819) for plant height, HD 2967 × UP 2526 (7.527) for 1000 grain weight and WH 542 × UP 2672 (2.077) for sedimentation value. While crosses PBW 621 × UP 2425, UP 2526 × UP 2425 and QLD 40 × UP 2425 were found to be the best specific combiner for the characters number of productive tillers plant-1, grain yield plant-1, spike length, grain weight spike-1, harvest index, days to 75 % heading and protein content
Assessment of the genetic diversity among oily spot (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. punicae) pathogen of pomegranate by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis
Get PDFPomegranate (Punica granatum L.) is an important fruit crop of India and other subtropical countries. Bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. Punicae is becoming a major threat in Maharashtra as well as other states of India. It causes yield losses up to the extent of 80 – 90 %. This study aims to the collection of 7 strains (X. axonopodis) and utilized for assessment of genetic diversity by using RAPD markers. Whereas 7 strains of X. axonopodis were differentiated and distinguished into seven major region representing Malegaon, Nampur, Satana, Khakurdi, Ramnagar, Rahuri and Nashik region. However the genetic similarity within 7strains of X. axonopodis was ranged between 72.72-100 %. Similarly the genetic relationship of strains X. axonopodis was also established and showed 72.72 %, 72.72 %, 72.72 % 92.30%, 94.11% and 100 % similarity with region of Malegaon, Nampur, Satana, Khakurdi, Ramnagar, Rahuri and Nashik region. Average polymorphism in strains of X. axanopodis based on RAPD analysis was 84.095 %. The combine data analysis by using UPGMA method also revealed the two distinct groups representing seven strains of X. axonopodis and in first group M1 and second group R4 and subgroup RH6, N2, NS7, S3, K5, these genotypes were present respectively. Considering predominance and economic loss caused by X. axonopodis pv. punicae in pomegranate, it is an essential to undertake preliminary work on characterization of this pathogen at the molecular level
Assessment of heavy metal contamination in Kali river, Uttar Pradesh, India
Get PDFThe River Kali is an important surface water body in the western Uttar Pradesh (U.P). It is an intermittent river which flows throughout the monsoonal months. The present study aims to assess the heavy metal contamination in the river Kali using pollution index (PI), based on five heavy metals (Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cr) during pre and post monsoon seasons in the year 2014. The PI evaluated during pre and post monsoon seasons with respect to drinking water quality standards was found as 5.04 and 7.08 respectively, while related to inland water quality standards were found as 4.37 and 3.62, respectively. The results indicate that the river Kali was severely contaminated (PI>3) in both seasons. Therefore, water of Kali River is not fit for drinking as well as for agriculture purposes
Increase in wheat production through management of abiotic stresses : A review
Get PDFAbout 9% of area on earth is under crops out of which 91% is under various stresses. On an average, about 50% yield losses are due to abiotic stresses mostly due to high temperature (20%), low temperature (7%), salinity (10%), drought (9%) and other abiotic stresses (4%). As there is no scope for increasing area under agriculture, the increased productivity from these stressed land is a must to meet the ever increasing demand. Further, the severity of abiotic stresses is likely to increase due to changing climate leading to adverse effect on crops. Therefore, abiotic stresses like drought, salinity, sodicity, acidity, water logging, heat, nutrient toxicities/ deficiencies etc need to be effectively addressed through adoption of management practices like tillage and planting options, residue management, sowing time, stress tolerant cultivars, irrigation scheduling and integrated nutrient management to conserve natural resources, mitigating their adverse effect and sustainable wheat production
Effects of different plant growth regulators on in vitro callus induction in physic nut (Jatropha curcus L.)
Get PDFJatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is an oil bearing crop growing in tropical and subtropical parts of the world. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of different plant growth regulators on in vitro callus induction in physic nut (J. curcus). In the present study, it was observed that all the explants viz., leaf lamina, petioles, nodal segments and cotyledonary nodes showed good callus induction responses on various culture media thus tried. Leaf lamina and petioles showed 100.0% callus induction responses on different MS media supplemented with auxins and cytokinins alone or in combinations whereas, nodal segments and cotyledonary nodes showed maximum 89.6% and 83.9% callus induction respectively. The presence of 2, 4-D in culture media with auxins or cytokinins was essential for good callus growth. Among different explants tried, leaf lamina was the best responding explants and MS-13 media supplemented with 5×10-6 M NAA and 10-5 M 2, 4-D is the best callusing and growth supporting medium. However, the regenerative competence of the callus tissues can differ depending on the type of explants used because certain types of plant tissues have more favorable regeneration responses than others. Callus induction rate from all explant types was highest than other reports. The results obtained in the present study would facilitate the high callus induction and regeneration responses in J. curcus for its improvement using biotechnological tools
Effect of rain simulation on Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae population density in guttation fluid and on the spread of bacterial blight in rice
Get PDFBacterial blight of rice caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae is most serious biotic constraint of rice production in Punjab, influenced mainly by environmental factors and nutritional factors applied to the rice crop. Present study aimed at observing the relationship between rain simulation and disease spread. More number of bacterial colonies was recovered from the susceptible rice cultivar (Pusa 1121) plants where no-rain was simulated as compared to those where rain was simulated. Mean bacterial log cfu in rain simulated plant was 4.88 as compared to 5.67 in non rain simulated plots after 1day of inoculation. The population densities of bacteria increased gradually in both the treatments. The log cfu of bacteria was 5.84 in rain simulated plots as compared to 6.28 in non rain simulated plots after 7 days of inoculation. However after 14 days of inoculation, the bacterial population in guttation fluid was foundto be non-significant at 5% level of significance in rain and non rain simulated plots but the bacterial population was found to be less as compared to that after 7 days of inoculation. Rain washed off the guttation fluid which resulted in decrease of bacterial load in the infected leaf. The significant difference at 5 % level of significance was observed between the per cent disease severity and disease spread was also observed in rain simulated plots and no rain simulated plots in cultivar Pusa 1121 which is a bacterial blight resistant cultivar
Influence of egg parasitic fungus, Engyodontium aranearum against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita
Get PDFThe indigenous egg parasitic fungal isolates, Engyodontium aranearum was evaluated for its nematicidal potential against root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The study revealed 53.75 per cent egg parasitization by the fungal isolate. Fungal colonies grew over the eggs and fungal hyphae penetrated the egg shells resulting in rupturing of egg shell layers, enzymatic digestion and empty eggs. The fungal culture filtrate was found to inhibit egg hatching by 83.42 per cent and caused upto 91.36 per cent juvenile mortality. This isolate also reduced the attraction of infective juveniles towards tomato root by 79.29 per cent. It seems to be a first report on the antinemic property of the fungus E. aranearum against root knot nematode, M. incognita and its effect was found comparable with Paecilomyces lilacinus which is known as an efficient nematode egg parasitic fungus
Utilization of extracted substance from Indian almond leaves, Terminalia catappa L. for preparation of folk medicinal cream for the use of skin protection
Get PDFThe aim of this work was to study the method to prepare the folk medicinal cream for the use of skin protection from the extracted substance of Indian almond leaves, Terminalia catappa L. in 4 periods as young green leaf , mature green leaf, orange red leaf and brown leaf by 4 methods. Tannic acid was the key index in preparation ,and tested by TLC and quantized its content. ?-carotene was also TLC test in quality check. The study showed that the brown leaves sample treated by heating at 100oC for 5 minutes and continue fermentation for 21 days, gave the extracted solution that contained highest tannic acid approximately as 80 mg/100g and was considered the best one. The extracted solution was used as one ingredient in folk cream. In this work, the four formulations with variation of extracted solution were studied and analysed total phenolic compound , tannic acid and antioxidant inhibition power. The cream with more extracted substance showed total phenolic compound , tannic acid more than those fewer content of extracted substance. This work found that the skin cream protection with antioxidation substance could made from extracted substance of Indian almond leaves