Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Bio-intensive integrated management strategy for mustard aphid Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. (Homoptera: Aphididae)
Get PDFAmong the various treatments evaluated for their bio-efficacy against mustard aphid on Indian mustard during 2011-12 and 2012-13 at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, the spray of Dimethoate 30 EC @ 1 ml/l followed by Verticillium lecanii @ 108 CS/ml was proved to be the best treatment with pooled mean aphid population of 4.5, 3.25 and 1.65 aphids/plant as against 22.0, 24.0 and 26.0 aphids/plant in the control after 3, 7 and 10 days of treatment, respectively. The pooled mean seed yield was also maximum (1485.0 kg/ha) in this treatment as compared to control (1305.0 kg/ha).The treatment was found on par with spray of dimethoate @ 1 ml/l followed by Coccinella septempunctata @ 5,000 beetles/ha with pooled mean aphid population of 5.0, 4.0 and 2.0 aphids/plant after 3, 7 and 10 days of treatment, respectively and pooled mean seed yield of (1470.0 kg/ha). But the cost benefit ratio was maximum (7.25) in treatment dimethoate followed by C. septempunctata and NSKE @ 5% followed by C. septempunctata @ 5,000 beetles/ha (6.68). Thus, entomopathogenic fungi like V. lecanii or NSKE along with release of C. septempunctata can be used as alternative measure to manage mustard aphid instead of solely relying on insecticides
Efficacy of new herbicide (bispyribac sodium 10% SC) against different weed flora, nutrient uptake in rice and their residual effects on succeeding crop of green gram under zero tillage
Get PDFField experiment was conducted in the wetland farms of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during rabi season (August to February) of 2011-12 to evaluate the herbicide (Bispyribac sodium 10% SC) on weed control and their nutrient management in direct seeded lowland rice. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The results revealed that Early Post Emergence (EPOE) application of bispyribac sodium 10% SC 40 g ha-1 recorded higher weed control efficiency and lesser weed density, nutrient uptake at reproductive stage of the crop. Different weed management practices imposed on rice crop did not affect the germination of succeeding green gram
Response of weed management practices on the Productivity of urdbean (Vigna mungo L. Hepper)
Get PDFA field Investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of hand weedings and herbicides on the weed flora, growth and yield of urdbean (Vigna mungo). The experiment was conducted during kharif season 2011 in loamy sand soil, to study the effect of different Ten weed management treatments comprising weedy check, weed free, one hand weeding (HW) at 20 days after sowing (DAS), two HW at 20 and 40 DAS, trifluralin at 0.75 kg/ha, alachlor at 1.5 kg/ha, imazethapyr at 0.10 kg/ha, trifluralin at 0.75 kg/ha + HW at 30 DAS, alachlor at 1.5 kg/ha + HWat 30 DAS and imazethapyr at 0.10 kg/ha + HW at 30 DAS on urdbean. Results showed that the maximum plant height was recorded under weed free treatment at all the growth stages and the maximum dry matter accumulation of 108.88 and 159.31 g per metre row length at 50 DAS and harvest stages was obtained under imazethapyr at 0.10 kg/ha + HW at 30 DAS treatment that was significantly higher by 17.8, 21.8, 24.6, 31.8 and 56.0 per cent at 50 DAS and 20.4, 17.6, 25.4, 29.0 and 50.1 per cent at harvest stage over imazethapyr at 0.10 kg/ha, one HW at 20 DAS, alachlor at 1.5 kg/ha, trifluralin at 0.75 kg/ha and weedy check treatments, respectively.. Application pre emergence application of imazethapyr at 0.10 kg/ha + HW at 30 DAS was found the most effective treatment with regard of grain yield (1403 kg/ha) and net returns (Rs 34815/ha). Two hand weedings done at 20 and 40 DAS also produced grain yield of 1392 kg/ha with net returns of Rs 33469 /ha
Spatial autocorrelation analysis in plant population: An overview
Get PDFAnalysis of spatial distribution in ecology is often influenced by spatial autocorrelation. In present paper various techniques related with quantification of spatial autocorrelation were categorized. Three broad categories namely global, local and variogram were identified and mathematically explained. Local measurers captures the many local spatial variation and spatial dependency while global measurements provide only one set of values that represent the extent of spatial autocorrelation across the entire study area. Global spatial autocorrelation measures the overall clustering of data and it included six well defines methods, namely, Global index of spatial autocorrelation, Joint count statistics, Moran’s I, Geary’s C ration, General G-statistics and Getis and Ord’s G. The study revealed that out of the six methods Moran’s I index was most frequently utilized in plant population study. Based on their similarity degree, local indicator of spatial association (LISA) can differentiate the neighbors in to hot and cold spots. Correlogram and variogram approaches are also given
Identification of a seed-borne rice bacterium, Burkholderia glumae using cultural, morphological and biochemical methods
Get PDFBurkholderia glumae is a seed-borne rice bacterium that causes bacterial panicle blight (BPB), which is a promising disease in many rice-growing areas around the world. The bacterium has been successfully grown on King’s B agar medium (KBM) at 280C for 48 hrs. It is Gram negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped with cell size 0.5 to 0.7 - 1.5 to 2.0 ?m with rounded ends. The colony appears as grayish white or yellow due to the pigment. The bacterium gave positive test in gelatin liquefaction, KOH solubility and nitrate reduction and while negative test in starch hydrolysis, oxidase reaction, levan production and arginine dihydrolase test. The bacterium utilized different carbon sources viz., sugars, amino acids, sugar alcohols and organic acids when examined through BiologTMGN2 Microplate System. This study would help in control and management of seed-borne bacterial plant pathogen B. glumae
Mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays in snake gourd (Trichosanthes anguina l.)
Get PDFThe present experiment was undertaken to determine the mutagenic effectiveness and efficiency of gamma rays on different biological parameters in snake gourd. The research was conducted in two generations namely M1 and M2 during spring-summer season (mid- February) of 2012 and 2013 at the Horticulture research station, Mondoury, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya. The parent material, selfed seeds of BCSG-28 variety were irradiated with 100 Gy, 150 Gy, 200 Gy, 250 Gy and 300 Gy doses of gamma rays. The seeds along with control were space planted for raising M1 generation. Each M1 plant was harvested separately and desirable M1 individual plant progeny rows were laid in RBD for raising M2 generation. The effectiveness and efficiency of the mutagen used was assessed from the data on biological damage in M1 generation. In M1 generation, results showed a dose dependent retardation in biological parameters like seed germination, plant survival and 200 Gy was depicted as LD50 indicating less damaging effect at lower doses on genetic material. In M2 generation, Lower doses 100 Gy (28.80 effectiveness, 21.58 efficiency) and 150 Gy (18.33 effectiveness, 8.68 efficiency) treatments were found as effective and efficient and a wide range of induced variability was observed in almost all traits. The mutants with short fruit, higher fruit diameter and reduced vine length were isolated in M2 generation
Effect of integrated nutrient management on nitrogen dynamics in soil of rice -potato based cropping sequence
Get PDFThe integrated nutrient management (INM) has profound influence on sustaining crop productivity and fertility status of soil. The manurial field experiment was conducted at Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal for evaluating the performance of chemical fertilizer and organic manure on nitrogen availability in different forms in soil and also on the content of nitrogen in different parts of rice (Oryza sativa cv. Annada) and potato (Solanum tuberosum cv. Kufrijyoti) during different growth stages. Application of FYM and RDF150 in combination had good impact on nitrogen dynamics related to crop growth among other treatment combinations. FYM and RDF150 alone also imparted good impact on nutrient availability and yield of two experiment crops (rice and potato). Experiment revealed that incorporation of commercial concentrated organic manure with RDF150 exerted good impact besides FYM combination with inorganic fertilizers
AMMI and GGE biplots for G×E analysis of wheat genotypes under rain fed conditions in central zone of India
Get PDFThe highly significant environments, genotypes and G×E interaction observed by AMMI analysis of 17 wheat genotypes evaluated at 8 locations in the central zone of the country. Environments(E), genotypes -environment interaction(GE) and genotypes explained 68.8%, 17.6% and 3.2% of the total sum of squares respectively. First four interaction principal components accounted 33.7%, 30.2%, 14.6% and 12.6% of the G×E interaction variation, respectively. The highest positive IPCA1 score of genotype G8 followed by G11 and G10 supported by yield higher than the grand mean 21.8q/ha. Environments E4 (Jabalpur) and E8 (Partapgarh) recorded maximum yield 32.6q/ha and 28.4q/ha while lowest yield was realized in E1 (Arnej). GGE biplot analysis under polygon view indicated that G13 was better in E6 (Sagar), whereas G1 was better in E7 (Bilaspur) and E8 (Partapgarh). The genotype G1, at the centre of concentric circles, was the ideal genotype in terms of yield performance as compared to the other genotypes. In addition, G15 and G12, located on the next consecutive concentric circle, may be regarded as desirable genotypes
Comparative study of antibacterial activity of two different earthworm species, Perionyx excavatus and Pheretima posthuma against pathogenic bacteria
Get PDFDisease outbreaks are being increasingly recognized as a significant constraint on aquaculture production and trade affecting the economic development of the sector in many countries. Extracting and using biologically active compounds from earthworms has traditionally been practiced by indigenous people throughout the world. The aim of the present study was to shown antimicrobial activity through earthworm extract against fish bacterial pathogens. In total, 8 bacterial strains i.e. 6 gram negative viz. Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, E.coli, Enterobacter aerogens and Shigella sp. and 2 gram positive viz. Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus luteus were identified. The extract of earthworm Perionyx excavatus, Pheretima posthuma were prepared and antimicrobial activity of the extract was determined by antimicrobial well diffusion assay. After 24 hrs of incubation period, it was observed that earthworm extract showed antibacterial activity against isolated bacterial strains. Among earthworm extract of two different species, the maximum zone of inhibition was shown against A. hydrophila by Perionyx excavatus (18.33± 0.66 mm) and P. posthuma (16.66±0.33). P. excavatus showed antibacterial activity against all pathogenic bacteria except Shigella spp. However on the other hand, P.posthuma showed antibacterial activity against A. hydrophila, P. fluorescens, E.coli, and S. aureus. The study has proved that earthworm extract can be effectively used for suppression of bacterial infection in fishes and that it can used as potential antimicrobial drug against commercial antibiotic resistance bacteria
Calibration, validation and application of AquaCrop model in irrigation scheduling for rice under northwest India
Get PDFA lot of research work regarding irrigation scheduling in rice has been carried out at global level with the objective of increasing irrigation water productivity (IWP) and sustaining grain yield. Under natural conditions rain disturb the planned irrigation treatments. One way to overcome this problem is to use rain shelters which is a costly affair, crop growth simulation models offer a good scope to conduct such studies by excluding the effect of rain. Very limited studies are available where FAO’s AquaCrop model has been used to develop irrigation schedule for crops. Therefore, a study was conducted using FAO AquaCrop model to develop irrigation schedule for rice having higher IWP. The model was calibrated and validated using the experimental data of field experiments conducting during 2009 and 2010, respectively. The model underestimated the above ground dry biomass at 30 days after transplanting (DAT) in the range of 21.60 to 24.85 %. At the time of harvest the model overestimated the above ground dry biomass within the range 11.58 to 14.34 %. At harvest the values of normalized root mean square error (15.54%) suggested a good fit for the above ground dry biomass and an excellent agreement (3.34%) between observed and model predicted grain yield. The model suggested to irrigate rice transplanted in puddled loamy sand soil on every 5th day to get higher IWP coupled with statistically similar grain yield as obtained with daily irrigation schedule