Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Phytochemical screening and evaluation of anti-microbial and anti-oxidant activity of Elettaria cardamom (Cardamom)
Get PDFThe present study deals with the phytochemical screening and evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activities from the crude methanol extract of the seeds of cardamom, Elettaria cardamom. Crude methanol extract was investigated for their antibacterial activity against Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), Listeria monocytogenes,Bacillus pumilus and Escherichia coli. The extract showed maximum zone of inhibition (20.3 mm) against EPEC, however, the antibacterial potential of the extract was slightly lesser against normal E. coli (19 mm). It showed moderate anti-bacterial activity against L. monocytogenes and B. pumilus. Dose-dependent increase in antioxidant activity was also noticed in crude extract as measured by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. Thus, our study reports various phytochemicals in the seeds of cardamom with antioxidant and antibacterial potential
Genotype × Environment Interaction and Phenotypic Stability analysis of Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) in Mid-Hills of North-West Himalayas
Get PDFStability performance of 30 linseed genotypes including commercial cultivars and elite lines (indigenous and exotic) was compared by using regression on environmental means for grain yield and its components under 5 different environments during rabi 2013-2014. Significant differences were observed among the genotypes for all the traits studied over all 5 individual environments. Genotype × environment interactions were highly significant for all the characters studied. E + (G × E) was significant for all the characters except the number of seeds per capsule. Mean sum of squares for environment (linear) showed significance for all the characters. Significant differences for G × E (linear) were observed for 5 traits viz., primary branches per plant, secondary branches per plant, aerial biomass yield per plant, seed yield per plant and 1000-seed weight. Based on mean performance, regression coefficient (bi) and deviation from regression (S2di) the genotype Him Alsi-2, KL-241 and Nagarkot was highly stable for seed yield (g) and number of capsules per plant was found most adaptive to overall environments. These promising genotypes may be utilized as donors in linseed improvement program for target ecosystems
Physico-chemical and enzymatic changes in peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) fruit in response to sodium salts during low temperature storage
Get PDF‘Shan-i-Punjab’ is a leading cultivar of peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch) in Punjab. After harvesting peach fruits cannot be stored for a longer period under ambient conditions. To prolong the post-harvest life of fruits, an experiment was conducted during the year 2014. Physiological mature fruits of peach cv. Shan-i-Punjab were harvested and subjected to various post-harvest dip treatments viz. sodium bicarbonate (@ 0.5 and 1%), sodium benzoate (@ 0.5 and 1%) for 5 mins. Treated and untreated (control) fruits were packed in Corrugated fibre board CFB boxes and kept under low temperature storage conditions (0-10 C and 90-95% RH) for 6 weeks. Stored fruits were analyzed for various physico-chemical characteristics after 2, 4, 5 and 6 weeks of storage. Fruits treated with 0.5% sodium bicarbonate showed better results in terms low PLW (5.05%), high palatability rating (7.66), TSS (11.26%), acidity (0.70%) and PME activity (1.28 ml of 0.02N NaOH used) upto 4 weeks of storage as compared to control. It can be concluded that peach fruits of the cultivar Shan-i-Punjab treated with sodium bicarbonate @ 0.5% can be safely stored upto 4 weeks with acceptable quality under low temperature conditions
Effect of nutriseed pack placement on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) under drip irrigation
Get PDFA method of crop production of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) was attempted in field using Nutriseed Packs with drip irrigation. Nutriseed Pack is a tubular assembly composed of degradable polymer paper encapsulated fertilizer and manure pellet, designed for placing in the root zone soil of seedling at the time of transplanting. Urea/Diammonium phosphate (DAP) as source of N, single superphosphate (SSP)/ DAP as source of P, and muriate of potash (MOP) as source of K were used. The effect of paper wrap and addition of maida flour as a natural gel to fertilizer pellet was tested. The highest values for growth parameters such as plant height, number of main branches per plant and number of lateral branches per main branch were recorded for Nutriseed Pack with 50% NP(SSP)K with Wrap + Gel in all stages. Total fruit yield was highest in Nutriseed Pack with 50%NP(SSP)K with Wrap + Gel (43.1 t ha-1), which was 4.6 t ha-1 (11.9 %) higher than yield obtained in surface broadcast as 100%NP(SSP+DAP)K (38.5 t ha-1).The highest uptake of N(112.4 kg ha-1) and P (13.32 kg ha-1) was recorded for Nutriseed Pack with 50% NP(SSP) K with Wrap + Gel, while the highest K uptake (105.6 kg ha-1) was recorded in surface broadcast at 100%NP (SSP+DAP)K. The promising effect of placement of Nutriseed Pack has been brought out in the present study as an alternative means of crop production in terms of increase in fertilizer use efficiency upto 50% in place of surface application of fertilizers
Effect of organic manures on growth and yield attributes of Soybean (Glycine max L.) under Subabul (Leucaena leucocephala) based Agroforestry system
Get PDFA field trail was carried out at the research farm of the School of Forestry and Environment, SHIATS, Allahabad. The experimental research site is situated at an altitude of 90 m above the sea level at 25.570 N latitude and 81.510 E longitudes. The experiment comprised seven treatments replicated thrice. The maximum germination % (96.67%), plant height (83.73cm), number of branches/ plant (11.93), fresh weight (185.28g), dry weight (45.73g), at 110 days after sowing (DAS), number of pods/plant (91.67), number of seeds/pod (3.93), pod length (6.93 cm),test weight (90.73g), seed yield (23.87q/ha), straw yield (40.73 q/ha) and harvest index (36.94%) recorded in treatment T5. The result showed that the applications of organic manure (50% Farmyard Manure + 50% Vermicompost) maximized the soybean growth and yield under subabul trees. Therefore, it may be concluded that 50% Farmyard Manure + 50% Vermicompost can be recommended for growing soybean under subabul based Agroforestry system for obtaining better growth and yield
Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) approach on Nutritional Diagnosis in Fruit crops- A Review
Get PDFDiagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) is widely used statistical approach for interpretation of the plant tissue analysis data and to diagnose the plant nutreint needs much earlier than the reduction of crop yield with greater accuracy. It helps in simultaneous identifying imbalances, deficiencies and excesses of crop nutrients and ranks them in the order of their importance for their remedial steps. The DRIS norms based on foliar composition can developed in any crop and at any stage of its development. It provides a mathematical means of ordering large number of nutrient ratios into nutrient indices that can be easily interpreted. The nutrient ranges been established as deficient, low, optimum, high and excessive based on the mean of nutrient concentration and standard deviation from high yielding population to serve as a guide for a quick and routine diagnostic and advisory purpose. The major advantage of DRIS lies in its ability to minimize the effect of variation in tissue age on diagnosis, which allows a choice of wider range of tissues than permissible under the conventional critical value approach. Thus, DRIS is holistic in nature for identification of nutrient imbalance in crops and formulation of nutrient management strategies for achieving higher yields
Pongamia pinnata L. (Karanja) based agri-silviculture system under rainfed conditions of south-west Haryana
Get PDFThe present study was conducted to assess the the performance of Karanja based agri-silviculture system in rainfed conditions of south west Haryana. The results showed that the yield (grain and fodder) of different crops was not affected significantly by the Karanja trees during initial four years of plantation. The mean grain yield of crops viz. cowpea (9.47q/ha), cluster bean (9.13q/ha), dhaincha (8.57 q/ha) and mung bean (9.50q/ha) was slightly less in agri-silvicultue system as compared to sole cropping. Similar trend was also observed for fodderyield. Karanja growth (height and diameter) was more in agri-silviculture as compared to sole plantation. Maximum height of 300.00 cm and diameter of 89.20 mm was recorded when Karanja was intercropped with cowpea, whereas it was 281.20 cm (height) and 80.90 mm (diameter) in sole plantation. Agri-silviculture system also improved the organic carbon and available N, P, K as compared to sole cropping. The lower net returns from agri-silviculture system of Karanja + cowpea (Rs. 7178/ha), Karanja +clusterbean (Rs. 7725/ha), Karanja +dhaincha (Rs. 7254/ha) and Karanja + mung bean (Rs. 7100/ha) were mainly due to the fact that during initial years Karanja plantation required some cost without any economic return. It is evident from the results that the cost of establishment of plantation can be meet out through intercropping during the gestation period of Karanja plantation
Evaluation of insecticides against blister beetle (Mylabris pustulata Thunb.) on pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan
Get PDFBlister beetle, Mylabris pustulata (Family: Meloidae: Coleoptera) an important pest of pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan when fed on its different floral parts including petals, anthers, stigma and ovary. Stigma and ovary were damaged and there was no pod formation. In view of its significant damage potential, a few number of insecticides were evaluated against the beetles in the laboratory: thiodicarb (0.09%), chlorpyriphos (0.10%), quinalphos (0.10%), cypermethrin (0.007%), deltamethrin (0.012%) and novaluron (0.10%). Fresh pigeonpea twigs bearing flowers were dipped for 5 seconds in requisite concentrations of different insecticides and allowed to air dry at room temperature (28oC). For each treatment, three replicates were taken and dead beetle were counted 24 and 48 hours after release. Observations after 24 hours of application indicated that thiodicarb (84.23 %), chlorpyriphos (57.50 %), quinalphos (37.31 %) and cypermethrin (29.77 %) significantly reduced blister beetle population compared with the control (without insecticidal treatment). After 48 hours, all insecticidal treatments were significantly superior over control. Maximum cumulative mortality (100%) was observed in thiodicarb followed by quinalphos (95.7%), cypermethrin (95.7%) and chlorpyriphos (91.6%), while minimum in novaluron and deltamethrin. It was concluded from the studies that among the different insecticidal treatments thiodicarb (0.09%) proved most effective which brought 99.75 % mortality even 24 hours after the treatment
Studies on production potential of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in sodic soil under varying agronomic manipulations
Get PDFPresent study aimed to evaluate the production potential of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) in sodic soil (pH 8.56) under varying plant spacing and soil fertility levels. The spacing treatments were S1-75 x 60 cm, S2-75 x 75 cm and S3-90 x 75 cm, while native soil fertility was manipulated through the application of NPK fertilizers i.e. F0-control (no NPK fertilizers), F1 - 60:40:40, F2 - 80:60:60, and F3 - 100:80:80 kg NPK ha-1. Two year’s data from the study revealed that spacing and NPK treatment had significant effect on vegetative growth and fruit yield during both the years. Closest spacing (75 x 60 cm) resulted tallest plants (103.41 and 100.35 cm) and maximum fruit yield (86.69 and 83.56 q ha-1), but this treatment was statistically at par with 75 x 75 cm spacing. Widest spacing (90 x 75cm) resulted maximum number of branches (34.14 and 32.49 plant-1), number of leaves (167.31 and 162.70 plant-1) and average fruit weight (9.26 and 9.18 g), but was statistically at par with 75 x 75 cm spacing. Amongst the fertilizer treatments, application of NPK @100:80:80 kg ha-1 resulted maximum plant height (114.88 and 11.65 cm), number of branches (35.78 and 34.82 plant-1), number of leaves (174.82 and 172.55 plant-1), fruit weight (9.62 and 9.57 g) and fruit yield (101.08 and 98.08 q ha-1). Biochemical quality of fruits (TSS, ascorbic acid, acidity, and reducing, non-reducing and total sugars) was increased due to increased fertility level and recorded maximum with the application of 100:80:80 kg NPK ha-1. These findings will be helpful in exploring cape gooseberry cultivation in sodic soils (pH 8.56) through suitable agronomic manipulations in plant spacing and soil fertility levels
Evaluation of fungicides for the control of Sclerotinia stem rot of Indian mustard caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary
Get PDFThe current investigation was carried out under -in vitro and under sick plot conditions of the Department of Plant Pathology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to test the efficacy of different fungicides against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The experiment was carried out through poison food technique under in vitro conditions andthrough foliar sprays under sick plot conditions. Efficacy of fungicides in vitro against S. sclerotiorum showed that carbendazim and hexaconazole completely inhibited mycelial growth up to 100 per cent at 50 ppm concentration. Propiconazole inhibited 96.39 per cent mycelial growth at 50 ppm and 100 per cent at 1000 ppm, while tricyclazole failed to inhibit mycelial growth up to 100 ppm, however, at 1000 ppm concentration, there was 100 per cent mycelial inhibition. Mancozeb and captan completely inhibited up to 100 per cent mycelial growth at 500 ppm concentration. Copper oxychloride and pencycuron were not effective at lower concentrations but had inhibited 45.28 and 22.50 per cent mycelial growth at 1000 ppm. Field experiment was conducted to test the efficacy of those fungicides which were found best under in vitro conditions. All the four fungicides tested significantly controlled Sclerotinia stem rot disease and increased the seed yield as compared to untreated control. Two Foliar sprays with hexaconazole @ 0.05% at 45 and 60 days after sowing was found most effective in controlling disease incidence up to 78.3 per cent and increasing seed yield up to 37.6 per cent as compared to untreated control