Journal of Applied and Natural Science
Not a member yet
2928 research outputs found
Sort by
Optimization of the choice of molecular markers for identification of commercially used rice varieties in India using rapid DNA extraction protocol
Get PDFThe present investigating aimed at the development of molecular marker for cultivar identification and genetic purity assessment. A total of four SSR markers and six SRAP primer were developed for the identification of sixteen different commercial varieties of rice. Traditional practice like grow-out-test based on morphological traits is time consuming and sometimes environmentally influenced. After development of molecular marker, it is using as an alternative to grow –out –test because of its rapid, accurate detection. We have assessed the potential of simple sequence repeat and sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers in distinguishing rice varieties and four simple sequence repeat markers namely CT-14, CT-25 CT XY-1 and ATC-3 and six sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers primers could be clearly distinguished sixteen commercially cultivar rice varieties. In addition to single markers, it’s better to try with marker combinations, which were amenable for PCR and capable of distinguishing the varieties. Larger differences for each crop were found between cultivers from different seed companies than within the same company. These DNA markers can provide an easier and faster reliable genetic identification of rice cultivars
Interaction effect of nitrogen and vermicompost in the presence of herbicide (Clodinafop propargyl) on nitrogen transformation in a sandy soil
Get PDFA laboratory experiment with three levels of nitrogen (0, 100 and 200 mg kg-1), two levels of vermicompost (0 and 1 % on dry wt. basis) and two levels of herbicide (0 and 60 g a.i. ha-1) was conducted with sandy soil of Hisar to study the interaction of nitrogen and vermicompost in the presence of herbicide (clodinafop propargyl) on nitrogen transformation during 2014. NH4+-N contents increased upto the 14th day in soil and then declined up to 56th day under control. NO3--N content in soil increased significantly throughout the incubation study under control. With con-junctive use of nitrogen along with vermicompost, NH4+-N contents increased significantly in the soil upto 14th day of incubation with an increase from 44.49 to 73.22 mg kg-1 and 64.00 to 102.87 mg kg-1, whereas NO3--N content in soil significantly increased throughout the incubation study over control and the increase was from 13.68 to 101.36 mg kg-1 and 23.19 to 115.48 mg kg-1. However, NH4+-N and NO3--N decreased significantly at all incubation periods with the application of herbicide alone and in presence of nitrogen as well as vermicompost. The study revealed that judi-cious use of N, leads to more availability of N to crop and prevents the environmental pollution. Higher levels of N application may increase the risk of ground water pollution due to more availability of NO3- ion which can be sub-jected to leaching losses. Vermicompost proved to be the important source of nutrients as it has narrow C:N ratio and decompose more quickly than other organic manures such as FYM etc. Among commonly used herbicides, clodinafop propargyl is most commonly used herbicide and may have negative impact on the microbial population and thus may hinder the transformation processes particularly in sandy soils which have low organic matter content and thereby affecting the availability of nutrients to crop and play decisive role in crop yields
Utilization of flower waste for the removal of chromium from tannery effluent
Get PDFIn this work we used flower waste biomass as a biosorbent to remove Cr from tannery effluent through column experiments. The sorption capacities of biosorbent (Fine, coarse and rough grades) were also evaluated by employing chemical pretreatments viz., sodium hydroxide, acetic acid, glutaraldehyde and hydrogen peroxide. The order of percentage removal of Cr using the above pretreatments was: 10% hydrogen peroxide < Raw powdered-FWB < 2% Gluteraldehyde < 10% Acetic acid < 0.1N sodium hydroxide. Among the different grades of biosorbents used, fine grade adsorbed more Cr (70 %) than that of coarse (64%) and rough (62 %) sorbents. The removal percentage of Cr from tannery was analyzed by using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, the functional groups which are responsible for adsorption was examined by Fourier Transform- Infrared Spectroscopy and the amorphous behaviour of FWB facilitating metal biosorption was indicated by the X-ray diffractogram. This study showed that pretreated flower waste biomass is a potential sorbent of Cr, which could be successfully used to reduce the Cr content in tannery effluent
Pathomorphological changes of flunixin meglumine toxicity in layer chicks
Get PDFThe aim of the 21 day toxicity study was to evaluate the pathomorphological effect of flunixin meglumine in layer chicks. The chicks of Group I were kept as control while groups II, III and IV were fed with diet containing flunixin meglumine @ 10 ppm, 25 ppm and 50 ppm respectively for 21 days. Clinical signs viz. anorexia, dullness,lethargy, lameness and uneven growth were noticed in chicks of treatment groups III and IV only. Maximum mortality was observed in group IV (12%) followed by group III (4%). A dose dependant reduction in body weight was observed in all the treatment groups. The mean values of Kidney: Body weight ratio was significantly increased in group IV. The plasma uric acid, creatinine and BUN values were significantly increased in group III whereas increase in group IV was highly significant. Grossly, there was deposition of chalky white urates on serosal surface of kidney, heart and liver in chicks of group IV which died during experiment. Microscopically, lesions were characterized by varying degrees of congestion, haemorrhages, degeneration, necrosis and deposition of urate crystals in visceral organs of group III and group IV chicks. The intensity and distribution of pathological lesions were more severe in chicks of group IV, followed by chicks of group III. The overall lesions gave an impression that flunixin meglumine was nephrotoxic in nature
Optimization of the process parameters in rice mill using Response surface methodology (RSM)
Get PDFObjective of the current study was to analyze a wooden plank used as a loading ramp to perform manual handling task with a view to redesign and develop the new one for agriculture. Developed ramp was more wide, static and non slippery than the wooden plank. For this purpose experiments were conducted on a group of 10 experienced manual handlers in the KLA rice mill of Rudrapur Block, district Udhamsingh Nagar, Uttarakhand, India. The reliability and validity of the developed, modern loading ramp was assessed by using response surface methodology in terms of change in MSD, heart rate and VO2 max. Therefore RSM was applied to optimize the operating parameters of ramp such as load weight, height of ramp and time. As per Box Behenken design total 17 experiments were carried out. Each parameter was varied over three levels as load weight of 40, 50 and 60 kg., height of ramp 3, 4 and 5 feet, and the time viz. 3, 4 and 5 min. ANOVA test and coefficient of determination (R2) were applied. In result it was observed that use of developed pant loading ramp was able to reduce heart rate of selected respondent’s from 135.4 beats/min. to 126.76 beats/min., MSD from 85.45 to 22.80 % and VO2 max from 39.45 to 34L/min
Physiological characterization of Jasmine flower (Jasminum sambac) senescence during storage
Get PDFThe aim of this work was to identify metabolic differences and hormonal profiles in jasmine flower (Jasminum sambac) and to investigate the possibility that experimental promotion of retardation of the senescence of jasmine flower may mediated by abscisic acid (ABA) and phenolic content. Determinations of ABA and phenols were made in flower senescing under different conditions using two different packaging materials such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) of 200 gauge micron thickness with no ventilation. Pre-treatment of 4 % boric acid for jasmine flowers was selected. Abscisic acid levels in petals also increased during senescence 91.27 pmol g-1, but much less in boric acid-treated jasmine flower 34.16 pmol g-1. However, the lowest content of total phenolics was measured in buds and partially opened flowers 50.90 ?g/g but highest in fully opened 61.80 ?g/g on the fourth day of storage, respectively. It was concluded that boric acid prevented the early rise in ethylene production and considerably improved jasmine flower shelf-life
In-vitro analysis of potential antibacterial activity of three medicinal plants
Get PDFThe present study was aimed to examine and compare the antibacterial activity of hot methanolic extract of medicinal plants viz. Portulaca oleracea (purslane), Syzygium cumini (L.) (jamun), Psidium guajava (L.) (guava). Antibacterial activity was carried by using agar well diffusion method, against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli). Results indicated that all the three plant extracts possess antibacterial property against Gram-positive bacteria and no activity was found against Gram-negative bacteria. Moderate zone of inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis was exhibited by S. cumini (L.) (11mm and 12mm) and P. guajava (L.) (10mm and 11mm) and weak zone of inhibition was exhibited by P. oleracea (5 mm and 6mm). In conclusion, S. cumini (L.) and P. guajava (L.) possess bettercapabilities of being a good candidate in search for natural antibacterial agent against infections and diseases causing Gram-positive bacteria as compared to P. oleracea
Molecular screening of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) genotypes for resistance alleles against important biotic stresses
Get PDFMolecular markers are vastly used as tool for screening of disease resistant/tolerant plant genotypes in early stage of growth in an environment-independent manner. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), the major biotic stresses like tomato yellow leaf curl virus, Fusarium wilt, tomato spotted wilt virus and root knot nematode cause severe crop loss. Recently, DNA based molecular markers for the screening of resistance alleles for the abovementioned diseases have been reported in tomato. In the present study, a total of eighteen tomato genotypes have been screened for the presence of possible resistance alleles, using sequence characterized amplified region(SCAR) molecular markers. Resistance allele-specific bands for Fusarium wilt disease, tomato spotted wilt disease and partial resistance allele-specifc band for root knot disease have been identified in some of the genotypes used in the present study. However, none of the genotypes was found to contain Ty3 resistance allele-specific band for resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl disease. Thus, possible resistance sources have been identified for three out of the four biotic stresses, mentioned earlier. Thus, the present study has screened the 18 tomato genotypes at molecular level for presence of resistance alleles for biotic stress, which might be further evaluated and explored in future tomato breeding programmes, targeting biotic stress resistance in tomato. At the same time, the study documents the applicability of molecular markers for rapid disease screening in tomato in an environment independent manner
Nonlinear modelling of sheep and goat populations in India
Get PDFThe objective of this paper was to study the trend in population of sheep and goat populations during 1951 to 2012 in India. The data were compiled from various issues of BAHS (Basic Animal Husbandry Statistics) for the period 1951 to 2012. Different nonlinear growth models such as Parabolic/Sikka, Brody, Brody modified, Wood, Logistic and Gompertz models were fitted to the census data of sheep and goat population. The goodness of fit of the models was tested by Coefficient of determination (R2), Adjusted coefficient of determination (R2), Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Akaike Information Criteria (AIC). The populations of sheep and goat in India during the year 1951 were 39.10 million and 47.20 million numbers respectively and reached 135.17 million and 65.06 million respectively in the year 2012. Based on the various measures of goodness of fit we observed that the Parabolic/Sikka model was the best fitted model for studying the pattern in the populations of sheep and goat in India. This model has been used to project the sheep and goat population in India during 2020, 2025 and 2030. If the present pattern of growth continued in near future then the projected sheep population will be 102.37 million numbers whereas goat population will be 151.57 million numbers in the year 2030. The present study will provide the pattern in which the changes have been observed in sheep and goat populations in India during 1951 to 2012
Genotype × environment interaction for morphological and quality traits of wheat varieties under different nitrogen regimes in the foothills of Shivalik range of Himalayas
Get PDFVariation among twelve winter wheat varieties with respect to N efficiency (NE) were assessed in field trial planned as per factorial experimental design (two years × three nitrogen doses × twelve genotypes) in which treatments were randomized in three replications under three nitrogen levels (control, 150, 250 kg/ha) for two successive years at N. E. Borlaug Crop Research Center, Pantnagar. Stability analysis of nitrogen efficiency contributing traits was performed using mean performance, linear regression and the deviation from regression. No single genotype performed well enough for all the traits under study. QLD 33, HD 2967 and QLD 39 were stable for root length showing good performance for nitrogen uptake. HD 3112 was most stable variety for most of the characters whereas, QLD 33 was found to perform best under higher levels of nitrogen fertilisation, thus, not efficient enough. But, QLD 33 showed delayed maturity which could be linked with an increase in grain yield thus, it could be said that functional stay green phenotypes should increase the grain filling period and boost yield