Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Enhancement of productivity and profitability of grafted brinjal under Integrated nutrient management practices
Full text linkIntegration of grafting technique and tailored nutrient management strategies provides a sustainable solution to address the production challenges and stress management in the cultivation of short-duration fruits and vegetables. The present study aimed to assess the productivity, nutrient uptake efficiency, plant resilience and economic viability of brinjal farming by evaluating the synergistic effect between grafted brinjal and integrated nutrient management (INM) practices. A pot experiment was conducted at the Central Horticultural Experiment Station (ICAR-CHES), Aiginia, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, from 2022-2023. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with ten treatments and replicated thrice. The yield performance of grafted brinjal improved with the application of 75% RDF through chemical fertilization and substitution of 25% N by FYM and vermicompost (37.8 and 35.6 t ha-1, respectively). Supplementation of 25% N through vermicompost and FYM proved to be the best treatment with respect to available nutrient content in soil. The results depicted highest apparent N recovery (55 kg ha-1), agronomic use efficiency (156 kg fruit kg-1 of nutrient applied) and relative agronomic efficiency (1.24) with the utilization of chemical fertilizers and FYM in a 3:1 ratio. The integrated application of chemical fertilizers and organic amendments significantly enhanced the productivity and profitability of grafted brinjal. This strategy addressed both the agronomic and environmental sustainability approach, making it a viable and effective solution for the farmers of the Odisha region.
Amino acid and fatty acid profile of five small Indigenous fish species (SIS) from Assam, India
Full text linkBoth proteins and fatty acids are significant macromolecules that control vital metabolic processes and act as building blocks for forming compounds crucial to biological processes. Fish are a significant source of high-quality protein and fatty acids in human nutrition. In this study, the amino acid fatty acid profile of five sun-dried small Indigenous fish species (SIS), viz., Anabus testudineus, Barilius barila, Gudusia chapra, Nandus nandus and Puntius sophore. The amino acid profile was determined using standard analytical techniques, while the fatty acid composition was assessed according to the AOAC method by preparing fatty acid methyl esters (FAME).The total detected essential amino acid concentrations in A. testudineus, B. barila, G. chapra, N. nandus, and P. sophore were 2788.23±5.74, 2939.86±7.6, 2750.44±12.93, 2534.41±4.77 and 1319.21±8.45µmol/L, and the concentrations of nonessential amino acids are 9141.48±6.18, 9493.55±9.58, 8523.89±13.1, 8261.06±9.96 and 4572.77±7.69 µmol/L. The study identified 23 fatty acids, with palmitic acid being the most abundant saturated fatty acid, followed by Myristic, Arachidic, Pentadecanoic, Margaric, Stearic, and Tridecanoic acids, with very low amounts of Behenic and Lignoceric acids. The present study has examined the amino acid compositions of significant dietary fish from various habitats (viz., River, beel, reservoirs, ponds and tanks, etc). Therefore, these can be recommended as a healthy supplement to the human diet, an alternate source of protein, and another nutrient requirement.
Non-timber forest products in management of tribal livelihood of Eastern Himalayan Region: A sustainability analysis
Full text linkThe North Eastern region of India is home to unique and diverse species of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs), which are a rich source of income and play an important role in the living traditions of its people. The study was conducted in Meghalaya (East Khasi Hills, Ri-Bhoi) and Nagaland (Mokokchung, Peren), selecting two districts per state. From 20 villages across four Rural Development blocks, 250 respondents were proportionately chosen based on household availability. The study employed an exploratory research design using panel data and a purposive sampling technique, with the survey conducted during 2021-22. The study found that income from NTFPs contributed to socioeconomic sustainability in Nagaland, whereas Meghalaya faced an unsustainable scenario. NTFP income was deemed unsustainable due to monetary value fluctuations and inflation. Among the 47 identified NTFPs, broom grass, bamboo, mushroom, bamboo shoot, and snail were highly preferred for their demand and profitability. The vulnerability index indicated that Asian honeybee (3.57), betel leaf vine (3.40), and wild black pepper (3.13) were ecologically very vulnerable due to overuse, low regeneration, and indiscriminate harvesting. Some species were moderately vulnerable, while most were less vulnerable. Strict regulation by local conservation bodies, traditional institutions, and the state forest department is essential to prevent illegal forest destruction. The Ministry of Tribal Affairs, GOI, should expand Van Dhan Vikas Kendras (VDVKs) under TRIFED to enhance value addition, branding, and marketing, ensuring sustainable livelihoods and fair returns for forest-dependent communities.
Chronosequence variation in soil properties of sandstone quarry spoil surrounding Aizawl, Mizoram and its impact on the growth of Coriandrum sativum
Full text linkSandstone quarrying is a major income-generating enterprise inAizwalCity of Mizoram, India. The by-product, sandstone dust, is dumped near the mining area, potentially affecting soil and water quality. The present study seeks to understand the soil development process over time by analyzing soil parameters in chronosequence, viz. fresh, 2-year, 4-year, 6-year, 8-year, 10-year, and 12-year-old dumps, and evaluating growth parameters of Coriandrum sativum (Coriander) in soils of different ages under greenhouse conditions. The soil moisture content of the soil increased with the age of the soil and freshly dumped sandstone quarry spoil had the highest levels of pH (7.7) and electrical conductivity (13.16 dS/m), which dramatically dropped to 5.4 and3.45dS/m, respectively, as the soil grew older. Other soil qualities, which included water-holding capacity, soil organic carbon (from 0.46%-0.78%), available nitrogen (from 38kg/ha-217.33kg/ha), and available potassium (from11kg/ha-22kg/ha) also improved with age. Although significant variation was observed in germination parameters among dumps of various ages, germination was not deterred in fresh dumps. Growth parameters improved as the soil matured, with maximum values observed at 12 the old dump. However, the slow development of coriander, even after 12 years, indicates that soil amendment techniques should be used to accelerate the recovery of plant attributes and eco-restoration of such sites.
Development of nutritional Spread (ready-to-serve food) from Cucumis callosus: Impact on physicochemical, nutritional, and sensory attributes during storage
Full text linkNutrient deficiency disorders due to malnutrition are rapidly increasing and are associated with numerous co-morbidities. In such a scenario, developing functional food and value-added products from pharmacologically, nutritionally, and therapeutically rich plants is essential. Hence, the present study aimed to develop a nutritionally rich and healthier functional food, i.e., spread from Cucumis callosus (CA) by blending with Malus domestica (MD). Various blends were prepared manually for MD: CA, i.e., C (100:0), T1 (50:50), T2 (25:75), and T3 (0:100). The developed Spread was stored at room temperature and further evaluated for nutritional, sensory, and shelf-life attributes for three months. The developed product indicated that the blending and storage period had a significant (p<0.05) impact on nutritional parameters. The TSS (68.22±0.06 to 69.83±0.050Bx), pH (3.24±0.13 to 4.97±0.00), titrable acidity (1.18±0.08 to 1.66±0.12%), pectin (0.28±0.02 to 0.83±0.03%), β-carotene (2.07±0.02 to 3.00±0.02mg/100gm), vitamin A (3.45±0.03 to 4.98±0.06 I.U.), anthocyanin (1.29±0.38 to 1.71±0.08mg/100gm), reducing sugar (19.88±0.18 to 27.73±0.24%), total sugar (55.01±0.10 to 60.14±0.07%), non-reducing sugar (30.30±0.63 to 34.44±0.15%), moisture (45.17±0.03 to 57.05±0.11%), and ash (0.50±0.02 to 0.56±0.01%) varied significantly. In terms of sensory evaluation, all the blends showed non-significant differences. However, the spread T3 (100% CA pulp) received the highest score, indicating its high sensory acceptability. This indicates that CA can be utilized to develop intermediate moisture food products, i.e., spread with nutritional richness and sensory acceptability.
Role of psyllium husk in metabolic disease management: A review
Full text linkThe carbohydrate-rich plant-based dietary fibres, commonly known as roughage, are indigestible in the human intestine. Fruits, vegetables, cereal grains, nuts, and legumes are the most common sources of dietary fibers. An adequate intake of natural dietary fibre is linked to improved intestinal health and reduced metabolic conditions, such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Psyllium husk is a plant-based dietary fibre source with potential health benefits. It is a derivative of seeds of Plantago ovata from Plantaginaceae family. This review examines the botanical origin, biochemical properties, health benefits, role in managing various diseases, safety, and recommended dosages. Psyllium enhances gastrointestinal health by alleviating constipation, regulating bowel movements, controlling diarrhoea, and promoting a balanced gut microbiota through its excellent gelling properties. As a prebiotic, it stimulates digestion and reduces inflammation by promoting the growth of gut-beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. It is a valued dietary supplement that helps manage metabolic syndrome, including obesity, diabetes, and heart disease. Psyllium increases satiety, decreases hunger, and reduces caloric intake, all of which are beneficial in weight management. It contributes to reducing postprandial peaks by enhancing insulin sensitivity and regulating blood glucose levels. It binds bile acids in the intestine and minimizes the levels of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), thus favouring cardiovascular health while eliminating the possibility of atherosclerosis. Psyllium’s efficacy in addressing kidney diseases, cognitive issues, and skin inflammation, based on the gut-brain axis association, is an emerging area of research. The diverse health benefits profile of psyllium husk provides an opportunity to explore its innovative applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals, offering a promising solution to modern dietary and health issues.
Assessment of heterosis and combining ability for yield and oil traits in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) contributing to the revival of India\u27s cotton sector
Full text linkCotton is a major commercial crop with global importance, especially in the textile sector. Enhancing its yield and fibre quality through hybrid breeding is a key goal in crop improvement. This study was conducted during Kharif 2024 at Lovely Professional University, School of Agriculture, Genetics and Plant Breeding Research Farm in Phagwara, Punjab, to evaluate combining ability, gene action, and heterosis in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). A total of 24 F1 hybrids were developed using 10 cotton genotypes (6 lines and 4 testers) along with a standard check (G. Cot. Hy 18) in a line × tester design. Analysis of variance revealed significant variability in seed yield, boll weight, and fibre quality traits, indicating potential for improvement. Non-additive gene action was observed for seed yield, boll production, and fiber quality, whereas additive gene action was prominent for earliness traits like flowering and boll bursting. The lines 761H20 and GJHV-510, along with the tester Sanjay (CJ-73), were identified as effective general combiners for seed yield, boll weight, and fiber quality. Among the hybrids, 761H20 × V-797, GJHV-503 × Guj. Cot.-15, and 761H20 × Deviraj stood out as the top performers, exhibiting strong performance, high SCA effects, and improved heterosis for yield and fiber traits. Additionally, the hybrid GJC-101 × V-797 showed excellent performance in boll production and weight. These hybrids have strong potential for commercial through heterosis breeding.. The variance ratio (σ²GCA/σ²SCA) being less than one confirmed the predominance of non-additive gene action. This study provides insights for developing superior cotton hybrids.
Characterization of newly recorded Pythium mamillatum AJA, causing cucumber root rot in Iraq: Implications for disease management in sustainable agriculture
Full text linkPythium mamillatum is an emerging pathogen responsible for root rot and wilt diseases in cucumber (Cucumis sativus), resulting in significant crop losses in Iraq. The present study examined the occurrence, distribution, pathogenicity, and genetic characterization of P. mamillatum strain AJA in Iraq, with broader implications for sustainable agricultural practices. Field surveys were conducted to collect symptomatic cucumber root samples from Al-Tahiria, Al-Azizia, and Al-Badah districts revealed disease incidences of 37%, 35%, and 21%, respectively. Infected plants exhibited symptoms of root rot and wilting. According to molecular research, the Iraqi strain, Pythium mamillatum AJA, accession No. MN460315.1 was 100% genetically related to strains from China, the USA, and Canada, indicating a shared evolutionary origin. Through inhibiting seed germination from 10% on the third day to 90% on the seventh day of inoculation, P. mamillatum (strain AJA) demonstrated significant losses to local Iraqi cucumber crops. The rapid spread of agriculture, its valuable genetic similarity with strains established in other regions worldwide, and its pathogenic viewpoint highlight its increasing threat. The study emphasizes the importance of employing effective disease control techniques within the framework of sustainable agriculture. Reducing the effect of this infection mostly depends on early identification, seed treatments, and constant pathogen monitoring. Maintaining crop health and guaranteeing long-term agricultural resilience also depend on sustainable farming methods that reduce the use of chemical pesticides and advance integrated pest management (IPM).
Modulating the immune response in Swiss albino mice using Arabic gum (Acacia)
Full text linkArabic Gum is a soluble dietary fiber with important biological properties and is effectively used to improve the immune system. It promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut (probiotics), is considered a digestive enhancer, and is also known to help strengthen the immune system. Some research has indicated its anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. This study investigated the effects of Arabic gum extract on the immune response and weight variation in Swiss albino mice. The Swiss albino rats were divided into five groups as follows: the group one was considered control (T0, untreated), the group two (T1) was given 30 mg/kg arabic gum + ovalbumin (0.1 ml), the group three (T2) was given 60 mg/kg arabic gum + ovalbumin (0.1 ml), the fourth group (T3) was given 90 mg/kg arabic gum + ovalbumin (0.1 ml), and finally the fifth group (T4, standard) was given ovalbumin (0.1 ml) alone. The maximum concentration (90mg/kg) led to consistent gain of weight implying a potential positive immunomodulatory effect or metabolic increase. Arabic gum extract showed potent neutrophil count in a dose dependent fashion, implying that Arabic gum extract caused an improved innate immune response, Arabic gum extract portrayed potent immunomodulatory effect, whereby it reduced oedema volume dose dependently, indicating anti-inflammatory effects . This study suggests that Arabic gum extract has the potential to modulate the immune response and exert anti-inflammatory effects in Swiss albino mice. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms of action and potential clinical applications.
Macro-ecology and biogeography of soil nematodes in Pir Panjal range of Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya, India
Full text linkThe Himalayan region holds significant ecological importance and plays a crucial role in biomonitoring ecosystems. The present study to investigate the Effects of various factors, including latitude, climate, and vegetation, on the diversity and geographic distribution patterns of soil-inhabiting nematodes in the Pir Panjal range of the Jammu and Kashmir Himalayas, India. Soil Samples were collected from forests, agricultural fields, and grasslands in temperate and subtropical regions, along an altitude gradient (1000 to 2300m) and a latitudinal gradient (33º 32 \u27N to 33º 48\u27 N). A Significant variation among different vegetation types and number of genera and abundance of nematodes was determined by Regression Analysis and A one-way ANOVA followed by T test. A Correlation Coefficient Analysis between various ecological indices like Maturity Index (MI), Diversity Indices (Shannon-Weaver, Simpson, Hills N1 and N2), Trophic structure Indices (Enrichment Index, Structure Index) and latitude were performed. The Maturity Index decreased (r= -0.645) in higher latitudes, accompanied by an increase in microbial activity, indicating a less disturbed environment. The higher values of the Enrichment Index (EI) and Structure Index (SI) at lower latitudes indicated higher opportunists and an indicator of food web state, respectively. The Linear regression model showed a significant relationship between soil nematode trophic guilds and latitude and precipitation. It reflects higher nutrient mineralization and productivity in areas with higher precipitation. The highest mean value of nematode abundance in temperate region and genera in subtropical areas explains the trophic guild status.