Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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A study on the toxicity of 4-nonylphenol on the histopathology of testes of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822)
Get PDFIn the present study, the effects of long term exposure (5 and 10 days) of 100 µg/lit 4-NP (nonyphenol) on the testis were investigated in African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822). Histological examination of the testis of fish treated with 100 µg/lit 4-NP for 5 days showed the disintegration of cysts, separation of cells within the cysts, hypertrophy of sertoli cells and vaccuolation in testis. Histological examination of the testis of fish exposed to 100 µg/lit for 10 days showed alteration in structure of the primary spermatocytes. The structure of the spermatocytes changed from spherical to sickle shaped. Hypertrophy of sertoli cell, severe destruction of germ cells (spermatogonia), and vacuole formation was also seen. The study indicated that 4-nonylphenol had marked effects on the histology of testis of C. gariepinus. The severity of effects of fish increased with the time of exposure and it was noticed that there were marked structural changes in the testis exposed to 4-Nonylphenol for long term exposure
In vitro biology of pigeon louse Colpocephalum turbinatum (Amblycera: Phthiraptera)
Get PDFIn vitro rearing of amblyceran Phthiraptera is a challenging task. A look on the literature reveals that negligible information exists on the in vitro bionomics of avian Amblycera. Present report furnishes information on the in vitro biology of an amblyceran louse, Colpocephalum turbinatum, reared at 35 ± 1?C, 75-82% Relative Humidity, at feather diet. The incubation period of the eggs of louse was determined as 5.37±0.67 days. The duration of first, second and third nymphal instars remained 5.04±0.65, 5.12±0.89 and 5.0±0.57 days, respectively. The longevity of adult female (13.04 ± 3.67 days) was comparatively longer than that of males (9.6±2.87 days). An adult female laid an average of 0.63 egg/day in vitro condition (35±1oC and 75-82% RH, at feather diet)
Fecundity of inbred fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster on different solid culture media: An analysis
Get PDFIn the present study, wild-type Drosophila melanogaster collected from stock culture were sub-cultured in three different types of solid culture media (corn, barley and wheat) and control medium for two weeks to produce F1 generation. The duration of larval and pupal development, number of pupal cases and hatched flies were scored for first generation. The results were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA, Bonferroni multiple comparison test and paired sample t-test. The control medium showed no pupal cases and hatched flies. Among all the three solid culture media tested, corn meal, barley meal and wheat meal, the latter showed highly significant results at p?0.001 than others. However, this parameter was not affected by the carbohydrate amount in the media. The present investigation is an attempt to evaluate the influence of different formulated solid culture media on the life span and reproduction of fruit flies
Effect of mycorrhiza (Glomus mosseae) on morphological and biochemical properties of Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) (L.) Dunal
Get PDFMycorrhizal inoculation in the plant causing increase in growth and production of phytochemicals is well reported, however little information is available related to the effect of mycorrhiza on morphological and biochemical properties of the medicinal plants like Ashwagandha. The present study is an attempt on diversity analysis in Withania somnifera with an aim to ascertain the nature and extent of genetic diversity present among different accessions in presence of mycorrhiza. The major biochemical constituents of Ashwaganda roots are with nolides which are well known for its medicinal properties. Mycorrhizal associations confer benefits like better nutrition acquisition, enhanced growth, defense enhancement and improved abiotic and biotic stress tolerance in plants. The present investigation was undertaken to assess genetic diversity among five different accessions of W. somnifera using morphological and biochemical markers and the effect of mycorrrhizal inoculation on these marker. The present study concluded that presence of mycorrhiza was effective on plant growth and phytochemical constituents more than non-treated plants. Amongst five selected germplasms IC 283662, JA 134, RAS 23, MPAS 6 and MWS 205 of W. somnifera, JA 134 showed best response in pretext of the selected morphological and biochemical features in presence of mycorrhiza
The Molecular identification of root nodule bacteria from edible crops of Fabaceae family, Kerala
No full textThe root nodule bacteria were isolated from three different leguminous plants belonging to the Fabaceae family such as Cajanus cajan, Lablab purpureus and Vigna unguiculata using YEMA medium and identified. The isolates were submitted to 16S rRNA and PCR–RFLP typing. A representative sample was further submitted to sequence analysis of 16S rRNA. Isolates were assigned to two genera and were related to Rhizobium spp. (75%) and Bacillus spp. (25%) respectively. This study opens the doors to researchers to do specific studies on this root nodule bacteria which are symbiotic with these legume plants in this area for their antibacterial activity, medicine and food application, and sustainable agriculture. Rhizobium and other beneficial microbes may be used as biofertilizers as a substitute for chemical fertilizers
Identification of endophytic fungi from the medicinal plants of Biligirirangana hill, Karnataka
Get PDFFour plants with medicinal properties Carica papaya, Phyllanthus amarus, Tinospora cordifolia and Azadiracta indica were selected as a host plant for the isolation of endophytic fungi collected from Biligirirangana Hill, ranges from 11° 40’ to 12° 09’ North and 77° 05’ to 77° 01’ East, the southern part of Eastern Ghats Chamarajanagar District, Karnataka. The leaves of these plants revealed two, four, six and three isolates of endophytic fungi which belonged to the family Hypomycetes, Ascomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Coleomycetes respectively. One of the unidentified strain from each of the above four medicinal plant isolate was subjected to molecular analysis followed by 18SrRNA sequence, internal transcribed spacer regions and phylogenetic analysis. Based on the gene sequencing and phylogenetic tree the clusters species of the fungal isolate was found to be Stemphylium lycopersici, Epicoccum nigrum, Leptosphaerulina arachidicola and Phomopsis azadirachtae reported in this paper
Bio-rational insecticides toxicity against Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) damaging Cantaloupes, Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis
Get PDFField experiments were conducted for two seasons (2015-16 and 2016-17) to evaluate bio-rational insecticides against leaf miner (Liriomyza trifolii) damaging cantaloupes and it was found that among various insecticides viz. spinosad [email protected]/l, abamectin 1.9EC @0.3ml/l, fipronil 5SC@2ml/l, fipronil [email protected]/l, cyantraniliprole 10OD@ 1.8ml/l, triazophos 40EC@2ml/l, diafenthiuron 50WP@1g/l, novaluron 10EC@1ml/l, neem [email protected]/l, pongamia [email protected]/l, azadirachtin 1%EC @5ml/l, abamectin (1.03-2.33 mined leaves/10ft row) and spinosad (1.18-3.33 mined leaves/10ft row) in both the seasons prove to be highly effective in minimising the damage. All the treatments had significant effect on the yield as compared to control but among treatments they were non-significant in first season which was not the case in second season where highest yield was noted in spinosad (11.43t/acre) followed by azadirachtin(9.79t/acre) and abamectin (9.67t/acre). Though there was variation in yield within these treatments but they were statistically on par with each other. Similarly the treatments were on par with each other with respect to number of fruits per vine, fruit weight, TSS and number of seeds set per fruit. The overall findings indicate that the molecules viz., abamectin and spinosad can be recommended to control leaf miner in cantaloupes to achieve an appreciable yield
Evaluation of physical properties of Errandi-acrylic union fabrics
Get PDFErrandi silk has a potential of emerging as “A silk of the new millennium”. The experimental finding provides information on physical properties as well as subjective evaluations of Errandi silk -Acrylic union fabrics with twill and herringbone weave. The count and diameter of errandi silk fibre were higher than acrylic fibre and in case of woven fabrics, herringbone weave were found to have maximum value in cloth covers, weight and thickness. A comparative subjective evaluation was done based on fabric quality by the panel of 100 respondents. 100 per cent respondent opined that all the woven samples have good appearance, soft in hand and smooth in texture. It was observed that cent percent of respondents found errandi-acrylic blended union fabrics with twill and herringbone weaves were high in lustre. The costs of blended yarns and the cost of union fabrics of different proportion were got reduced in comparison to that of 100 per cent errandi-silk yarn (Rs.3000.00/kg) and controlled errandi silk fabrics (Rs.985.00/mt.). Based on the aesthetic properties such as handle, appearance, texture and lustre and considering the cost of twill and herringbone errandi-acrylic fabrics were suitable for production of fashionable wear. Thus¸ the newly designed Errandi silk with Acrylic union fabrics are unique, a new venture for the textile industry and Ericulturists
Performance of intercropping in pre-bearing mango orchards under drip irrigation in a degraded land
Get PDFA field experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of pre-bearing mango plantation with different intercrops (papaya, pineapple and combination of papaya and pineapple) in a sandy clay loam soil on a degraded land under drip irrigation at ICAR-Indian Institute of Water Management, Bhubaneswar, Odisha during 2017-18. Different intercrops planted in the mango (cv. Amrapali) were (i) two rows of papaya (cv. Red lady) in either side of mango plants, (ii) two paired rows of pineapple (cv. Queen) in either side of mango plants and (iii) one row of papaya and one paired row of pineapple in either side of mango plants with and without paddy straw mulch. All plants were irrigated by drip irrigation (DI) system. The amount of water used in mango–papaya cropping system (1220 mm) was higher than that in mango-pineapple cropping (975 mm). The volumetric soil water content in top 0.60 m soil in mango, papaya and pineapple were 20-23%, 21-24% and 22-24%, respectively. The vegetative growth parameters (plant height, canopy diameter and trunk girth) of young mango plants were not affected significantly either by papaya or pineapple intercropping. Straw mulch enhanced the growth parameters of mango plants by 8-12%. Similarly, growth parameters of papaya and pineapple were not affected significantly either by intercrops or by straw mulch. The highest yield (17.5 t/ha) and water productivity (21.1 kg/ha.mm) were observed in mango–pineapple system with straw much. The net profit from pineapple intercropping with straw mulch was highest (Rs. 140000/ ha) with benefit-cost ratio of 1.67, followed by papaya-pineapple intercropping with straw mulch in mango. Overall, the study reveals that mango intercropped with pineapple under drip irrigation with rice straw mulch can be practiced in pre-bearing mango orchards of Eastern India
Spray scheduling of fungicide Difenoconazole 25EC for the management of Stemphylium blight of onion (Allium cepa L.)
Get PDFA field experiment was conducted during rabi season of 2015 at the Vegetable Research Centre of G.B. Pant University of Agricuture ant Technology, Pantnagar to evaluate the effect of different number of fungicidal sprays of a standard fungicide Difenoconazole 25EC for the management of Stemphylium blight of onion caused by Stemphylium vesicarium (Wallr.) Simmons. The experiment was laid out in RBD and different number of foliar sprays of difenoconazole viz. 3, 4, 5 and 6 sprays was tested starting from 15 and 30 days after transplanting right up to 90 days after transplanting with three replications of each treatment. Results of the experiment revealed that 5 foliar sprays were most effective giving the highest per cent disease control (23.37%) followed by 6 sprays. The highest marketable bulb yield (22.82 t ha-1) was also obtained in the treatment with 5 sprays. The economic analysis of treatments revealed that 5 sprays gave the maximum net return due to treatment (R68,400 ha-1) and highest percent avoidable loss (29.97%), along with maximum net benefit-cost (B:C) ratio of 5.64, followed by 4 sprays. Therefore, 5 sprays of Difenoconazole 25EC at the rate of 125 g a.i. ha-1 was found as the most effective and economical management strategy against Stemphylium blight of onion under tarai region of Uttarakhand