Journal of Applied and Natural Science
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Response of drip irrigated Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) in different irrigation levels and frequencies at field level
Get PDFGeometric increase in population coupled with rapid urbanization, industrialization and agricultural development are causing increased pressure on global water resources. Agriculture is the largest consumer of fresh water resources, thus the scope of enhancing water productivity in agriculture is taken to be the priority area of research. The right amount and frequency of irrigation is essential for optimum use of limited water resources for crop production as well as management. A field experiment with split plot design was carried out during November to February 2015-16 at PFDC (Precision Farming Development Centre), Water Technology Centre, IARI, New Delhi to study the effect of different irrigation levels and frequencies on Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) under drip irrigation. The experiment included three levels of irrigation frequencies: N1 (once every day), N2 (once every 2 days) and N3 (once every 3 days) with different irrigation levels of 100, 80 and 60 % of crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Results revealed that drip irrigation frequency significantly (p<0.05) affected the broccoli yield. The maximum yield (24.46±0.18 t/ha) was obtained with 80% of ETc with once in 2 days irrigation followed by 100% of ETc with once in 2 days. Lowest yield (16.53±0.1 t/ha) was obtained at 60% of ETc at once in 3 days irrigation. Overall, it was observed that irrigation on 80% of ETc with once in two days is an appropriate cycle for optimum yield of broccoli
Impact of planting density on wheat crop grown under different tree species in tarai agroforestry system of central himalaya, India
Get PDFA field trial based Agroforestry system was established at Pantnagar during Rabi season 2012-13 for predicting the effect of spacing on growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Melia azedarach. The experiment was carried out in split-plot design consisting of two tree species in main plot, viz, Eucalyptus camaldulensis and Melia azedarch and four spacing treatments in sub-plot viz, 3.0m×1.0m, 3.0m×1.5m, 3.0m×2.0m and 3.0m×2.5m with three replications. The wheat crop variety“UP-2338” was sown on December 06, 2012 and harvested on April 27, 2013. Among the tree species, the maximum (15.1 q /ha) and significantly higher grain yield with 21.8% increment was recorded under Melia as compare to Eucalyptus. Whereas, among the different spacings, the wheat growth in terms of dry biomass at 120 DAS (495.4/m2 ), yield attributes and yield in terms of grain (16.0 q/ha), straw (29.4 q/ha) and biological yield (45.4 q/ha) under Melia was significantly higher at 3 × 2.5 m spacing as compared to other planting density. The correlation coefficient (r) studies exhibited that wheat growth and yield attributing characteristics shows significantly (p<0.05) high degree (r=0.75 to 1) positive correlation with each other. The investigation was done to find out the proper planting density for intercropping of wheat with tree species without comprising the wheat growth and enhancing its sustainability
Quantitative studies on heterosis and inbreeding depression in maize (Zea mays l.)
Get PDFThe present investigation was carried out for studying heterosis and inbreeding depression of twenty eight hybrids (F1 ? s) and their F2 ? s made by crossing of eight maize inbreds in all possible cross combinations excluding reciprocal. Observations were recorded on ten quantitative traits viz., plant height (cm), ear length (cm), ear girth (cm), number of kernel rows per ear, number of kernels per row, 100 kernels weight (g) yield per plant (g), days to 50 % tassel emergence, days to 50% silk emergence and days to 50% maturity. Variable magnitude of heterosis was observed for different cross combinations for all the traits. Based on higher mean performance (94.33 to 118.67 g/plant) and higher heterotic response (11.95 to 30.48%) eleven crosses were selected. Response of inbreeding depression was significant in positive direction for most of the traits. Among these eleven crosses five crosses CM 300 x CML 142, CM 300 x CML 144, CM 300 x CML 150, CM 300 x CML 176 and CML 150 x CML 144 were selected having high heterotic value (12.31 to 30.48%) and lower inbreeding depression (less than 15%) for their utilization in maize improvement programme for the development of superior inbred lines
Mortality caused by aqueous extract of the leaves of Datura stramineus to goat biting louse, Bovicola caprae (Phthiraptera)
Get PDFExtensive and indiscriminate use of organic lousicides is leading to environmental hazards i.e. persistence of residues, development of resistance and targeting of non-target beneficial organism. Hence, phytotherapy is emerging as effective tool for louse control, due to ecofriendly and biodegradable nature of plant extracts. In the present study the mortality and repellency caused by five concentration of aqueous extract of the leaves of commonly available Datura stramineus were tested against goat biting louse, Bovicola caprae. Fifteen percent concentration of extract prepared from leaves of aforesaid plant imparted 77% mortality and 66% repellency to goat biting louse
Natural regneration of plant species as affected by biotic disturbances in Hastinapur forest of North West Uttar Pradesh, India
Get PDFIn the present study various phytosociological attributes like frequency, density and abundence of woody vegetation were analysed along the disturbance gradient in tropical dry deciduous forest of Hastinapur region of North west Uttar Pradesh, India. Three sites were analysed for floristic composition, distribution pattern, species diversity and dominance (i.e. Hillock,Block-1 and Block-2)Hillock was highly disturbed, while Block-1 and Block-2 were moderately and least disturbed sites respectively. Maximum number of tree, seedlings and saplings were recorded for Block-2 and minimum for Hillock. Number of shrub species was maximum on Hillockbecause of open forest canopy due to disturbances, which provide favourable conditions for growth of shrubs and other weeds. Most of species except shrubs were regular followed by random in distribution pattern. The value of CD and H’for trees 0.01 on Block-1 to 0.035 on Hillock and 0.00 on Block-2 to 0.014 on Hillock respectively. These low values clearly indicate aridity of the area and habitat destruction. Phytosociological study of this area indicates that there is an urgent requirement of conservation practice
Magnitude of bud blight disease of tomato caused by Peanut bud necrosis virus (PBNV) in Northern Eastern Karnataka
Get PDFThe present study on magnitude and spatial distribution of bud blight disease of tomato caused by Peanut bud necrosis virus in major tomato growing area of North Eastern Karnataka through GPS approach during 2014-15, revealed that disease was found to occur at all the stages of the crop with characteristic symptoms such as necrotic rings with green or yellow hallow spots on leaves, later tip necrosis and die back. Further, presence of longitudinal brown necrotic streaks on petioles, stem and characteristic brown ring and chlorotic ring spots on green and red ripened tomatoes respectively. GPS based survey indicated that the % disease incidence varied from location to location (spatial variation), with the mean incidence ranging from 14.52 to 62.13 per cent. Among the six districts, highest incidence of 62.13 per cent was recorded in Kalaburgi district followed by Raichur, Bidar, Yadgir and Koppal with 60.35, 57.96, 45.68 and 37.13 per cent incidence, respectively and the least disease incidence of 14.52 per cent was recorded in Ballari district. The GPS maps plotted based on PDI scale (0-4) represents high risk areas of the disease in North Eastern Karnataka and higher magnitude of disease was recorded in many of the location surveyed were the tomato fields surrounded by alternate hosts of PBNV. The study signifies PBNV diagnostic symptoms and its prevalence in North Eastern Karnatak
Mango malformation: A fungal disease, physiological disorder or malady of stress
Get PDFMango (Mangifera indica L.) is one of the important commercial crops occupying a prominent place among various fruit crops. Mango malformation is a crucial malady in mango production leading to heavy economic loss. Malformation occurs in vegetative as well as floral tissue, later being virulent leading to loss of entire crop. Fusarium moniliforme is suggested as dominant causal agent of the disease although association of ‘stress ethylene’ with disease occurrence has also been studied. Fungal pathogens responsible for the malady are known to elevate the level of ‘stress ethylene’ in malformed plants. Various reports have been put forward to explain the etiology and control measures of the disease but nature and management of the disease is still a mystery. Hence, the present review aims at offering information regarding aspects of development and management of mango malformation
Understanding the chapati making attributes of the Indian wheats – I: The physico-chemical basis
Get PDFThe research project was largely built around the tall traditional cultivars of the pre-dwarfing era, which were known to excel for chapati quality. These included C 306, C 518 and C 273. The few cultivars that had emanated from crosses of these superior chapati quality wheats with dwarf wheats formed another important component of this set and included WG 357, PBW 175, PBW 154, PBW 226, Lok 1 among others. Asecond set of materials, three backcross recombinant populations (BC1F5 generation) derived from C 273/PBW 343//PBW 343 (70 lines), C 306/PBW 534//PBW 534 (70 lines) and C 518/PBW 343//PBW 343 (80 lines) were also studied to arrive at some conclusion. Various physico-chemical characters(Grain appearance score,Grain hardness,Test weight,1000-grain weight,Yellow berry,Moisture content,Protein content,Gluten content, Gluten index, Sedimentation value, Phenol Test, Carotenoids, Sugar content, Diastatic activity, Falling Number) and chapati-makingscores were evaluated. Grain hardness seems to have a clear role in chapati quality with a correlation coefficient of 0.34, 0.35 and 0.17 observed in different recombinant populations.More consistent correlation was found for grain appearance ranging from 0.26 to 0.36 in the populations.Consistent high positive correlations have showed up for diastase activity, which ranged from 0.32 to 0.46.This consistent behaviour is a strong evidence for the role of this trait in chapati making quality.Diastase activity emerges as a more consistent and stronger contributor to chapati making quality. Phenol score may not serve as a suitable indicator of chapati quality
Participation of special group people in household and personal care activities and problems faced by them
Get PDFThe present study was performed to examine the participation of female wheelchair users in household and personal care activities, problems faced by them and to seek suggestions from them to improve their work environment.The study was conducted in Punjab state and the sample was selected from different districts of Punjab by using snowball and purposive sampling technique. Only those female wheelchair users were selected for the study who were involved in performing household work. Case studies on 10 female wheelchair users were done to gather relevant information from the respondents and their work participation profile was observed for three consecutive days. A self-structured questionnaire was prepared to gather the relevant data from the respondents. Results revealed that despite their physical limitations, respondents were involved in some of the activities in their homes. Difficulties experienced by respondents while performing household and personal care activities included poor eye sight, slow speed, early onset of fatigue and less light in the work area.
 
Monitoring the status of Human-wildlife conflict and its impact on community based conservation in Bandhavgarh tiger reserve, Madhya Pradesh, India
Get PDFThe Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve is one of the famous tiger reserve in India. The human wildlife conflict is on rise for few years. A total of 194 human casualties and 1960 livestock depredation were reported between 2001 to 2011. Out of 194 casualties, 6.7% were lethal which caused death and 93.3% were injuries. Out of these maximum 37.57% (68) were reported by Jackal (Canis aureus) followed by 27.64% (50) of Sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), 20.99% (38) by Wild boar (Sus scrofa), 8.84% (16) by Tiger (Panthera tigris), 3.31% (6) by Leopard (Panthera Pardus) and 1.65% (3) by other carnivores. Out of 194 casualties 71.13% were male and 28.87% were female. The livestock killings were reported to be 1960 out of which maximum 81.78% (1603) were by tiger followed by 17.60% (345) by leopard and rest 0.62% (12) by other carnivores. The mean livestock killing was 178.182±42.82 (SE) per year. Discussions and surveys were made with affected peoples to know the views about conflict and its alleviation by using Close ended questionnaire. Total 180 individuals were surveyed. Out of these 151 (83.89 %) respondent felt that wildlife should be conserved while 29 (16.11 %) felt there is no need for conservation. Adequate compensation, habitat management practices, livestock and crop insurance scheme and bio fencing around the affected villages and conservation awareness could be the way to mitigate existing conflict.