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Ketamine-induced Changes in Blood Pressure and Heart Rate in Pre-hospital Intubated Patients
Get PDFWhen a patient experiences trauma, pre-hospital rapid sequence intubation (RSI) is often the course of action. While RSI is associated with favorable neurological outcomes among traumatic brain injury patients, it also carries the risk of increased hypotension and bradycardia. Ketamine is a fast-acting anesthetic agent used in RSI, attractive due to its ability to raise heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) and thus potentially lessening the severity of RSI-related hypotension and bradycardia. However, research in support of its use is inconclusive, with different studies reporting increases or decreases in BP and HR after ketamine administration. To study the effect of ketamine on HR and BP during RSI, we analyzed the data obtained from 1,516 patients who received trauma and non-trauma medical care including RSI from first responders and emergency personnel using two different statistical methods. We determined if there was any association between the vital signs prior to administration of ketamine and outcomes such as bradycardia and/or hypotension post-ketamine administration in patients undergoing RSI. We found that the vital signs prior to administration of ketamine (i.e. BP and HR) predict the development of bradycardia and/or hypotension in patients undergoing RSI and the relationship between baseline vital signs and the development of bradycardia and/or hypotension is moderated by the dose of ketamine. Results obtained from this study may help responders and emergency care personnel to identify the patients that are likely to benefit from ketamine as an anesthetic agent
Radon in the Dwellings: Causes and Prevention
Get PDFThe problem of radon in dwellings gained importance in 1984 after an incidence in Pennsylvania, USA; thereafter several measuring techniques have been developed and national survey programs were started throughout the world for monitoring radon levels by government authorities. The lots of work have done by researchers in this field throughout the world. Several developed countries have given guidelines for initiating action to reduce radon levels if found beyond permissible level. The main aim of this article to provide public awareness about the health hazards posed by radon, which is naturally occurring invisible inert gas in the dwellings that is not be detected by human senses
Determination of Ascorbic Acid Concentration of Some Commercial Fruits Juices Sold in Ugbokolo Benue State, Nigeria
Get PDFThis research was aimed at investigating the concentration of Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) in some commercial fruits juices: ‘5’ Alive, Hollandia yoghurt, Nutri milk, Ribena, Lacasera, Happy hour, Viju milk, Chi exotic and Chi vita sold in Ugbokolo, Benue State, Nigeria by titrimetric method using 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol (DCPIP) as titrant. The ascorbic acid (AA) content in milligram per 100ml of the various juices investigated is in the order: ‘5’ Alive (11.25) > Ribena (5.47) > nutri milk (5.31) > Happy hour (4.38) > Hollandia yoghurt (1.25) > Lacasera (0.47) ≈ Chi exotic (0.47) >Viju milk (0.31) > Chi vita (0.16). It was observed that half a litre of ‘5’ Alive (56.25 mg AA) a day is suitable for adults and pregnant women, a litre each of Ribena (54.70 mg AA) and Nutri milk (53.10 mg AA) per day for adults, while a litre of Happy hour (43.80 mg AA) per day is suitable for adolescents. It can be concluded that commercial fruits juices when taken in large amount will add to the daily human dietary intake of the vitamin
Use of Magnetic Forces in Orthodontics: A Review
Get PDFThe application of magnetic forces to clear aligner therapy would create a magnetic force interaction that can theoretically make the movement of teeth in any direction possible and easier. With this objective in mind the following section of this literature review deals with the use of clear thermoplastics in orthodontics. The current literature regarding the efficacy of the appliance is examined to highlight the need for enhancement of this system
Intensity Dependent Photoconductivity in ZnO Nanostructured Film
Get PDFMany studies on the Photoconductivity of ZnO have been performed with an indication of reliable optical application due to fast photo response. This paper reports study of intensity dependent photoconductivity in ZnO nanostructured thin film with a thickness of 800 nm. ZnO nanostructured thin film on ultra clean glass substrate has been deposited using sol-gel spin coating technique. Conductivity at various illumination intensity has been measured using two probe method and found that photoconductivity increases by increasing illumination intensity. Photoconductivity can be utilized in the devices fabrication which are based on the decrease in the resistance of certain materials when they are exposed visible radiation. Photosensitivity and persistent photo conductivity also found to be increasing with illumination intensity. Photo sensitivity enhancement in Nanostructured ZnO is expected due to its large surface to volume ratio which is fundamentally more suitable for optical devices application. Persistent photoconductivity in the ZnO nanostructure thin film can be utilize in memory device applications
Calculation of Normalized Pinning Force and Nature of Pinning Mechanism for Nano-Al Doped MgB2 Superconductor
Get PDFThe Jc(H) of nano-Al doped MgB2 samples has been calculated from M(H) loop measurements at different temperatures. Normalized volume pinning forces as a function of the reduced field have been analyzed at different temperatures and doping level which was taken from the Jc(H) data. The modified scaling law was used as discussed by the Eisterer to analyze the pinning forces. This law was compared with the scaling law used by the Fietz and co-worker. The grain boundary pinning is found the dominant pinning mechanism in all the doped samples and exhibit the scaling behavior. The XRD and temperature dependence of resistivity confirms the successful substitution of nano-Al at Mg sites. The results endorse that the magnetic anisotropy decreased from pure to the dirty limit with the doping of the nano-Al. The enhancement in the Jc(H) of the sample with the nano-Al doping is due to decrease in the anisotropy and increase in the volume pinning forces. The 2 % nano-Al doped sample between 15–30 K shows the highest Jc(H) among all the samples
The Development of Ternary Nitride Chemistry During the Last Few Decades
Get PDFThe developments of charged and neutral ternary nitrides during the last few decades have been fast and progressively varied in terms of its preparation, properties, and structures. Ternary metal nitrides of the type MxM’yN draw significant attention as of their overall superior properties such as mechanical, electrical, magnetic, and catalytic. The progresses in ternary nitrides study have become important in the last few decades up to the degree where the scientist is beginning to associate these compounds in level of certain desired kinds of structures. The current relevance of these nitrides overall depends on the fact that they are very narrowly connected to the pure one-dimensional systems that are immensely examined for their remarkable properties and strongly connected to their short dimensionality. Whether its vital investigations to make presently unidentified ternary nitrides or to evolve innovative and prevailing applications, it is evident by going through the numerous articles in this area that regardless of the striking growth in the preceding few decades, substantial is left to be completed
Comparative Study between the Practices of Exclusive Breastfeeding After Normal Delivery and Cesarean Delivery in Paropakar Maternity and Women's Hospital, Thapathali, Kathmandu Nepal
Get PDFBreastfeeding is a special gift from a mother to her baby. If mother is successful in breast feeding during first few days of her baby’s life, she is more likely to be successful during the rest of their breastfeeding time. The main aim of this study was to compare the practice of exclusive breastfeeding after normal delivery and cesarean delivery. This study also identified the initiation of breastfeeding within an hour, skin to skin contact between the mother and infant after the delivery and factors influencing for breastfeeding. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to collect the data from 300 samples. The total sample was divided into half which is 150 for each of the normal and cesarean deliveries. Inclusive criteria included of 20 to 30 years with the primiparous deliveries visiting the respective hospital for the different purpose were included. A self-administered questionnaire was verbally asked to each of the participants while collecting the data. The mode of delivery is significant with both initiation of breastfeeding within an hour (p < 0.01, chi square= 134.2) and skin to skin contact between mother and infant after delivery (p < 0.01, chi square= 185.9). From this study the perspective of the entire participants towards the breastfeeding is found to be on optimistic. ND is able to initiate the breastfeeding within an hour and can have skin to skin contact as soon as the delivery
Effect of Embedded Strain Gage on the Mechanical Behavior of Composite Structures
Get PDFFiber reinforced composites are increasingly used in several fields such as aeronautics and civil engineering due to their increased strength, durability, corrosion resistance, resistance to fatigue and damage tolerance characteristics. The embedding of sensor networks into such composite structures can be achieved. In the present study, glass fiber reinforced Epoxy composite with integrated strain gage was analysed. Firstly, the mechanical behaviour of this material with embedded strain gage is investigated. The as-prepared samples have been tested under tensile and flexural loading in order to study the effects of the strain gage embedding on the structural stiffness and strength of the composite. It was found that the tensile stiffness decreases by 5.8% and the tensile strength decrease by 1.5% when the strain gage embedded in the material. On the other hand, the flexural strength and stiffness is increased, respectively, by 1.5% and 5.5% with an embedded strain gage. The experiments showed that embedded strain gage is functional and demonstrated the successful integration of sensor networks into composite parts. The obtained results confirm that integrated strain gage can be used for the Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) of glass fiber reinforced Epoxy composite
Determining Chemical Composition of Cattle Urine and Indigenous Plant Extracts
Get PDF The study was conducted to determine the specific chemical constituents of cattle urine and indigenous plant extracts. Chemical analysis revealed that the specific chemical composition i.e., chloride, sulphate, nitrite and phosphorus pentaoxide contents of fresh and fermented cattle urine were 1556, 364, 2.0, 26.8 and 4514, 252, 22.4, 7.49 mg l-1, respectively. The proximate chemical compositions of neem seed kernel extracts, mahagoni seed extracts and allamanda leaves extracts were analyzed and it was found to contain chloride (144, 55.4, 141 mg l-1), sulphate (51.1, 5.03, ˂4.0 mg l-1), nitrite (˂1.0, ˂1.0, ˂1.0 mg l-1) and phosphorus pentaoxide (413, 410, 49.5 mg l-1), respectively. Chloride and nitrite in fermented cattle urine (4514 and 22.4 mg l-1) was found extremely higher than in fresh cattle urine (1556 and 2.0 mg l-1). There was numerically higher difference in sulphate and phosphorus pentaoxide concentrations in fresh cattle urine (364, 26.8 mg l-1) compared to fermented cattle urine (252, 7.49 mg l-1).These results revealed that indigenous plant extracts of neem seed kernel, mahagoni seed and allamanda leaves contents chloride, sulphate and nitrite were extremely lower than in both fresh and fermented cattle urine but there were great difference in phosphorus pentaoxide concentration (413, 410, 49.5 mg l-1) in both fresh and fermented cattle urine (26.8, 7.49 mg l-1) composition. It was evident from this study that as the fermented cattle urine contained higher concentration of chloride and nitrite can be considered as a good means of insect pest management