Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB)
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Numerical Modelling on Metallic Materials
No full textNumerical modelling plays a crucial role in the engineering, manufacturing and scientific research into modern materials. Through numerical simulation, researchers can gain an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms governing materials’ behaviour during processing and in service, providing both theoretical foundations and practical guidance for materials and process design, optimisation, and innovation. This Topic Reprint features 20 cutting-edge research papers on the numerical modelling of metallic materials, covering multiple scales from atomic-level microstructures to macroscopic structural performance. These studies highlight the applications of advanced numerical simulation methods in the studies of metallic materials, showcasing their ability to unveil microscopic mechanisms, predict macroscopic properties, and guide real-world engineering applications in material design and manufacturing process optimisation. By exploring these contributions, readers will gain valuable insights into the transformative role of numerical modelling in understanding and innovating metallic material processing technologies. We hope this Topic Reprint will serve as an invaluable resource for researchers, engineers, and graduate students alike in the field of metallic materials, inspiring innovative research ideas and driving the advancement of materials science and engineering
Exploring Structures in Languages and Language Contact
No full textThis book explores aspects of language contact and linguistic typology. It focusses on various facets of language contact situations in Africa, Asia, North America, Australia and Europe. Typological inquiries and broader linguistic phenomena are examined. The contributions of this volume shed light on the complex processes underlying linguistic diversity while also evaluating terminological issues
Class and Time-Based Subjective Inequality
No full textChallenging the inference in social science that taking subjectivity into account somehow conflicts with approaches that emphasize the reality of the material conditions of existence, this book shows how subjective perceptions of one’s future can help to capture class and inequality, considering the extent to which material conditions (such as wealth, income, and power) are revealed by subjective indicators. That is to say, to take the full measure of social inequality, “feels like” economic opportunities matter: subjectivity, when considered as temporal and closely linked with material conditions of existence, helps us apprehend social constraints. By presenting three empirical case studies that encompass both qualitative and quantitative methods, the author not only elaborates on arguments in Bourdieu’s early and relatively unknown works but also demonstrates the importance of sense of security and insecurity as markers of class inequality. An original analysis of wealth that deepens and enriches the study of class inequality, Class and Time-Based Subjective Inequality highlights the relevance of a dynamic and absolute definition of subjective inequality for capturing marginalized positions. It will, therefore, appeal to scholars of sociology, economics, and politics with interests in social theory, contemporary inequalities, and social class. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license
Targeting Oxidative Stress for Disease
No full textOxidative stress (OS), representing an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s antioxidant defense systems, is a critical factor in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, as well as cancer and cardiovascular and inflammatory conditions. The Special Issue, “Targeting Oxidative Stress for Disease”, brings together recent findings exploring the contribution of ROS and disturbed redox balance in disease development and progression, as well as potential approaches to counteract their effects. Highlighted topics include the impact of OS on neurodevelopment and psychiatric conditions, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD), where OS markers may serve as early diagnostic tools or therapeutic targets. Studies featured in this Special Issue investigate the regulatory role of circular RNAs in response to OS during neuronal differentiation, and the contribution of ferroptosis to ASD pathology. Furthermore, this issue addresses the dual roles of neuropsychiatric medications in modulating redox balance and emphasizes the need for rigorous clinical trials to evaluate the efficacy of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory interventions. This Special Issue advances our understanding of OS-related pathophysiology and paves the way toward innovative redox-based therapeutic approaches
Turning Social
No full textHow can diverse musical interactions be productively used to promote inter- and transcultural communication, support human thriving and flourishing, empower marginalised social groups, or make society as a whole more sustainable, just, and inclusive? Bringing together perspectives from research and practice, this edited volume explores how music mediation as a distinct artisticeducational practice can foster social cohesion, enable dialogue, and create new forms of engagement. The contributions critically reflect on the conditions, limitations, and potentials of music mediation in various contexts, providing insights for scholars, musicians, and practitioners working at the intersection of music and society
Early Language Education in Instructed Contexts
No full textThis volume presents state-of-the-art research in early foreign language (L2) education in instructed contexts with a special focus on primary school (ages 5-12). Over the past two decades, early language teaching has become an important factor in both academic inquiry and education policy. Studies have attested to the value of early L2 learning but also revealed specific features and challenges, which highlights the need for more high-quality empirical research. This book addresses this need by presenting current international research on early L2 teaching and learning in regular and CLIL contexts in the primary school setting. Uniting insights from 12 countries, the studies shed light on current issues such as teaching and assessment practice, emerging L2 literacy instruction, teaching materials, and teachers’, parents’ and learners’ perspectives. The volume thus contributes significantly to the advancement of early language education and is an essential resource for researchers and educators in the field.Publishe
Urban Europe
No full textIn Urban Europe, urban researchers and practitioners based in Amsterdam tell the story of the European city, sharing their knowledge of and insights into urban dynamics in short, thought-provoking pieces. Their essays were collected on the occasion of the adoption of the Pact of Amsterdam with an Urban Agenda for the European Union during the Dutch Presidency of the Council in 2016.The fifty essays gathered in this volume present perspectives from diverse academic disciplines in the humanities and the social sciences. The authors including the Mayor of Amsterdam, urban activists, civil servants and academic observers cover a wide range of topical issues, inviting and encouraging us to rethink citizenship, connectivity, innovation, sustainability and representation as well as the role of cities in administrative and political networks.With the Urban Agenda for the European Union, EU Member States have acknowledged the potential of cities to address the societal challenges of the 21st century. This is part of a larger, global trend. These are all good reasons to learn more about urban dynamics and to understand the challenges that cities have faced in the past and that they currently face. Often but not necessarily taking Amsterdam as an example, the essays in this volume will help you grasp the complexity of urban Europe and identify the challenges your own city is confronting
Advanced Inorganic Semiconductor Materials, 2nd Edition
No full textThis reprint of the Special Issue, titled “Advanced Inorganic Semiconductor Materials, 2nd Edition”, presents a curated collection of original research articles and comprehensive reviews that highlight the latest breakthroughs in the synthesis, characterization, and application of inorganic semiconductors. Covering a wide spectrum of topics—ranging from metal–halide perovskites and 2D materials to photocatalytic nanostructures, dielectric polymers, and transition metal dichalcogenides—this volume reflects the dynamic evolution of material design for energy, environmental, electronic, and optoelectronic applications.With contributions from leading researchers across China, Mexico, Norway, Portugal, Romania, Saudi Arabia, and Vietnam, this edition offers global perspectives and interdisciplinary insights into semiconductor materials science. It is an essential resource for scientists, engineers, and students interested in the current trends and future directions of inorganic semiconductors
The Public Core of the Internet
No full textThe growth and health of our digital economies and societies depend on the core protocols and infrastructure of the Internet. This technical and logical substructure of our digital existence is now in need of protection against unwarranted interference in order to sustain the growth and the integrity of the global Internet. The Internet's key protocols and infrastructure can be considered a global public good that provides benefits to everyone in the world. Countering the growing state interference with this 'public core of the Internet' requires a new international agenda for Internet governance that departs from the notion of a global public good. Core ingredients of this strategy are: - To establish and disseminate an international norm stipulating that the Internet's public core - its main protocols and infrastructure- should be considered a neutral zone, safeguarded against unwarranted intervention by governments. - To advocate efforts to clearly differentiate at the national and international level between Internet security (security of the Internet infrastructure) and national security (security through the Internet). - To broaden the arena for cyber diplomacy to include new coalitions of states (including the so called 'swing states') and private companies, including the large Internet companies as well as Internet intermediaries such as Internet Service Providers
Skin Sensitization Testing Using New Approach Methodologies
No full textSkin sensitization, representing one of the regulatory toxicity endpoints, is seeing significant progress in the uptake of new approach methodologies, comprising non-animal evaluations, to provide regulatory and product development information on chemical and product hazard and potency. The following Special Issue provides broad coverage of new approach methodologies for skin sensitization assessments. Included articles cover in vitro and in silico methods employed to assess skin sensitization potential in the contexts of test method development, test method evaluation, and test method application for regulatory purposes and product development activities