Directory of Open Access Books (DOAB)
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Friedensgutachten 2025
No full textDer Frieden ist auf dem Rückzug: Russlands Krieg in der Ukraine destabilisiert Europa, der Krieg in Gaza stürzt den Nahen Osten in Leid und Gewalt, und im Sudan hat der Konflikt die größte humanitäre Katastrophe der Welt ausgelöst. Zugleich fällt der globale Stabilitätsanker USA aus. Präsident Donald Trump baut das Land nicht nur zu einer Autokratie um, er setzt auch in der Außenpolitik auf das Recht des Stärkeren statt auf Regeln und Kooperation. Das Friedensgutachten 2025 zeigt, warum Europa selbst für seine Sicherheit und Verteidigung sorgen und zugleich am Ziel des Friedens festhalten muss. Mit seinen konkreten Handlungsempfehlungen für Bundestag und Bundesregierung ist das Friedensgutachten ein zentrales Medium für den Dialog zwischen Wissenschaft, Gesellschaft und Politik. Die deutschen Friedensforschungsinstitute (BICC/IFSH/INEF/PRIF) geben das Gutachten seit 1987 heraus
Pharmacovigilance
No full textPharmacovigilance or drug safety may be defined as a science that relates to the "collection, detection, assessment, monitoring, and prevention" of side/adverse effects of drugs. It is also essential to monitor for adverse effects even after a drug or therapy has been on the market for some time, as new ones may emerge. This book addresses several fundamental issues in three major sections well-presented in easy-to-understand formats. The authors of this book contributed the latest research, and each chapter has been reviewed and updated to enhance the book's educational value, clarity, and readability
Late-Victorian Girls and their Manuscript Magazines
No full textThis open access book presents fresh archival evidence to explore the underexamined manuscript cultures of girls living in Britain in the late nineteenth century. Girls were keen writers during this period, which witnessed Golden Ages of children's literature and journalism, as well as major developments in proto feminism. Girl writers were particularly prolific in the writing of manuscript magazines. These were handmade magazines in which the contributors were also the readers and subscribers. This book presents three case study chapters exploring manuscript magazines which were created and exchanged amongst girl-led writing groups and within families, and references many other examples of manuscript magazine cultures from the late-Victorian period. It argues that strategies of transformative writing—namely appropriating literary texts—often characterized girls' contributions to manuscript magazines
The Resilience of the Hungarian Legal System since 2010
No full textThis open access book explains the factors that cause the poor functioning or failure of certain legal institutions or the success of others in the current Hungarian legal system after the 2010 transition from liberal to illiberal/populist democracy. The authors argue in most regulatory areas that reform is needed in lawmaking or in the application and practice of law, because there are systemic problems with the law’s capacity for doctrinal resilience, which lead to the primacy of other regulators than law, such as the populist politics. An understanding of these processes is essential for the implementation of sound law and legal policy reforms, for the maintenance of the legal guarantee system and for the successful development of institutions protecting and providing the fundamental rights. The volume documents how the Hungarian legal system changed after 2010, on the one hand, and conceptualises these changes with the help of ‘resilience’, on the other hand
Outsight
No full textTraditional view focuses on the person's thoughts and intentions as the driving force of creativity. This Element proposes a methodology and a theoretical vocabulary that restore the role of objects in the dynamic unfolding of creative problem solving. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core
Chapter 3 “We are here because . . .”
No full textIncreasing and changing migration trends between Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) and Western European locations, as well as those from outside of Europe to CEE, pose new challenges for the regional study of race and racialisation, including growing diversity and the tightening of border security. This book brings together a range of established and emerging scholars of CEE migration, race, whiteness and post- and decoloniality to explore these themes from/to and within Central and Eastern Europe. The book includes chapters on Bulgarians, Lithuanians, Romanians, Hungarians, Czechs, Ukrainians and Poles, including Polish Roma, in Western Europe and CEE as well as non-CEE migrants at the Polish-Belarus border. The book showcases different aspects of racialisation processes and how they intersect with class and gender, among others, in the context of CEE migrations. The approach of this book is anti-racist and decolonial, in the sense that it builds on decolonial scholarship from and on the region and pushes against discourses of CEE as ‘lagging behind’ and ‘catching up’ that have dominated the scholarship so far. The decolonial perspective on these issues will contribute to urgent critical debates by providing in-depth cross-country insights beyond theoretical argumentation to a renewed global public debate on issues of race and migration. The book is aimed at an international audience of researchers, scholars and students, policy analysts, third sector specialists and those concerned with decolonial perspectives, migration, and race and racialisation in the context of Central and Eastern Europe countries
Ventilación mecánica prolongada posterior a RVM
No full textMechanical ventilation in a patient undergoing coronary bypass is generally necessary for 1–2 days after surgery. Prolonged MV in patients with coronary bypass is defined as ventilatory support greater than 48 hours. When this is prolonged, the hospital stay, the cost of treatment, the risk of disability and the decrease in the quality of life are directly increased. Factors associated with prolonged MV in this group of patients include chronic kidney disease, advanced age, surgical time, emergency surgery. Elevated NYHA scores and COPD. Some less frequently documented risk factors are: female gender, diabetes mellitus, low blood pressure of oxygen prior to surgery and history of cerebrovascular disease. Muscle training of the patient prior to coronary artery bypass surgery improves respiratory function after surgery. Likewise, early mobilization is very useful as it reduces the risk of physical deconditioning. With this, it is possible to minimize the sedation time, maintain the ranges of joint mobility, reduce the time of mechanical ventilation and stay in the ICU.PublishedLa ventilación mecánica en un paciente sometido a bypass coronario generalmente es necesaria durante 1-2 días posteriores a la cirugía. Por definición la VM prolongada en pacientes con bypass coronario se define como el soporte ventilatorio mayor a 48 horas. Cuando esta se prolonga, directamente se incrementa la estancia hospitalaria, el costo del tratamiento, el riesgo de discapacidad y la disminución en la calidad de vida. Los factores asociados a VM prologada en este grupo de pacientes incluyen: la enfermedad renal crónica, la edad avanzada, el tiempo quirúrgico, la cirugía de emergencia, puntuaciones del NYHA elevados y la EPOC. Algunos factores de riesgo documentados con menor frecuencia son: el género femenino, la diabetes mellitus, la baja presión arterial de oxígeno previa a la cirugía, antecedentes de enfermedad cerebrovascular. El entrenamiento muscular del paciente antes del bypass coronario mejora la función respiratoria posterior a la cirugía. Igualmente, la movilización temprana es de gran utilidad al disminuir el riesgo de desacondicionamiento físico. Con ello se logra minimizar el tiempo de sedación, mantener los rangos de movilidad articular, disminuir el tiempo de ventilación mecánica y de estancia en UCI
Vetenskapshistorisk hattparad II
No full textWhy is it important for institutions of higher education to have researchers as teachers? This book aims to answer this question by examining the history of the Swedish system of higher education through a special lens: the struggle of educational institutions for the right to make their own doctors. The theme of doctoral training, evolving at the intersection of research and education, reflects broader processes, such as the system’s disintegrating expansion.
The Doctor of Philosophy degree was introduced in 1870 at Swedish universities, whose largest faculties thus gained the same status as their higher faculties. However, the universities could not maintain a monopoly on the right to confer this scholarly title. Doctorates were eventually introduced at institutions for professional training – for surgeons, engineers, veterinarians, agronomists, economists, dentists, foresters, pharmacists. In 1969, all different degrees were replaced by a standardized doctorate, and doctoral education became the subject of uniform regulation. Matters became more complex in 1977, when a political reform brought all post-secondary education under the umbrella concept of the university, requiring that training in nursing, teaching, and other fields be research-based. One chapter examines how institutions for fine arts education were transformed by a clash between path-dependent academic norms and institutions whose goals were not scientific. This process led to a new, artistic doctoral degree in 2009, which broke up the uniform regulation, and in 2013 to the recognition of artistic research as a mission in the Higher Education Act.
By combining perspectives from science and technology studies, educational history, and other fields, the book sheds new light on an institution that plays a key role in the formation of knowledge bases that are crucial for professions. With a systems perspective that embraces institutions for professional and practical training, it challenges an often overly university-centric historiography of higher education
Performing Artists and Precarity
No full textThis open access book focuses on the distinctive experiences of freelance and self-employed live performers in the UK’s live entertainment industries It provides an in-depth account of their working lives during COVID-19, showing how their experiences of the pandemic provide insight into the different types of precarity shaping what it means to be a live performer. A growing body of academic research has focused on the meaning, experience, and nature of precarity for those working in the cultural and creative sector, highlighting the problem of socio-economic precarity. This book demonstrates how a constant struggle for recognition also shapes the contours and lived experiences of live performance work. It emphasizes how, combined with affective and socio-economic forms of precarity, this recognitive precarity creates a distinctive and challenging set of working conditions. Drawing on original data generated through a national survey of self-employed and freelance performers across the live entertainment industries, combined with insights derived from a series of in-depth semi-structured interviews, this book presents an empirically rich insight into the struggles and opportunities presented by the multiple forms of precarity that the pandemic brought to the fore. It gives voice to a precarious workforce that remains integral to one of the UK’s most economically buoyant sectors but whose experiences are often marginalized in academic research, and in policy and practice. It will, therefore, offer a unique insight for both students and scholars of work and employment, and for those working in the cultural and creative sector, into the distinctive nature of work as a freelance or self-employed live performer
The Cambridge Handbook of the Law, Ethics and Policy of Artificial Intelligence
No full textThis book provides an accessible, comprehensive, and interdisciplinary overview of the legal, ethical and policy implications of AI. It covers essential theoretical insights and concepts, offers practical examples of how AI is impacting society today, and examines how this impact is regulated, with a particular focus on Europe