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Neimark-Sacker Bifurcation of a Fourth Order Difference Equation
No full textIn this article, we study stability and bifurcation of a fourth order rational difference equation. We give condition for local stability, and we show that the
equation undergoes a Neimark-Sacker bifurcation. Moreover, we consider the
direction of the Neimark-Sacker bifurcation. Finally, we numerically validate
our analytical results
Temperature analysis as an indicator of climate change in the Central Palestinian Mountains
No full textGlobal warming is an anthropogenic-related phenomenon that is affecting the available natural resources, especially water in arid
and semiarid regions. Such phenomenon can affect countries with very limited water resources, such as in the Middle East in
general and in Palestine specifically. The effect of multiple temporal scales (annual, seasonal, and monthly levels) on temperature
trends as an indication of climate change in the Central Palestinian Mountains of the Middle East was studied. Analysis of the
available thermal data from 1970 to 2011 was done to test whether the Central Palestinian Mountains is subjected to warming or
not. The results showed an increase in temperature during different months of the year, but such increase was statistically
significant for the months from June to December and ranging from 0.6 °C in September to 1.2 °C in August. Besides, summer
and autumn were the seasons that temperature increased significantly, where such increase equals to 1.1 and 1.8 °C, respectively.
Finally, the mean annual temperature was also subjected to a significant increase by about 0.8 °C during the study period,
especially after 1990. The results warrant proper policies and suitable adaptation measures by the concerned authorities in the
study area so as to release the negative consequences and preserve the limited water resources.Fund from the Vice President for Academic Affairs at Birzeit Universit
Prevalence and Features of Pressure Ulcers among Patients in ICU Department of Governmental Hospital in Palestine: Cross Sectional
No full textA cross sectional study was used to identify the prevalence rate of PUs and the features that associated with PUs development among ICU patients in Palestinian governmental hospitals.Overview: Different studies have examined the prevalence of pressure ulcers in acute care settings, but few have provided information on features of pressure ulcers that develop in the hospital stay. This issue is important to hospital care providers because it has implications for the timing of preventive interventions. Aim: Determine the prevalence rate and the features of pressure ulcers among patients’ in ICU departments of government hospitals in Palestine. Method: A cross-sectional design has been used to measure the prevalence rate of pressure ulcers in ICU departments of governmental hospitals and to assess the features of pressure ulcers. Results: The prevalence of pressure ulcers in ICU department was 33%, also the prevalence of pressure ulcers stage 2 or more was 7.34%.Most common stage for pressure ulcers was stage 1(73.77%). The most common sites of pressure ulcers are different site of vertebra 35 (28.6%) heel 19 (15.5%), shoulder 9 (7.7%), and ischium 9 (7.7%). Most of pressure ulcers sized between 1-3cm and depth of 0.5-1cm 21(72.4%). Unusual locations of pressure ulcers such as forearm (0.8%), hand (2.4%), and neck (5.7%). Conclusion: The prevalence of PUs was 33% most of them was in stage I, when excluded the stage I prevalence was 7.34 %. The author observed that the prevalence of PUs was significantly higher at vertebrae, sacrum and heel of ICU patients consequently, therefore, nursing protocols and skills that aimed at preventing the development of PUs may benefit from increased attention on these regions. The need for comprehensive skin assessment as PUs may develop in usual and unusual locations of patient’s body.non
A Case Study for Surrogate Safety Assessment Model in Predicting Real-Life Conflicts
No full textConflict techniques enable transportation engineers to investigate hazardous network locations without the need
to obtain crash data. These techniques are the most developed indirect measure of traffic safety. The concept of
these techniques is based upon the ability to identify the occurrence of near accidents and therefore, offers a faster
and, in many respects, a more representative way of estimating expected accident frequency and accident
outcomes. One way to study conflicts is the use of microscopic models. Surrogate Safety Assessment Model
(SSAM), a model developed by Federal Highway Administration, utilizes simulated vehicle trajectories to
investigate conflict types, severity, and locations. This study investigates the feasibility of using SSAM to identify
and classify traffic conflicts between vehicles and pedestrians by analyzing simulated trajectories. A case study of a
major signalized intersection in the city of Doha was used. The traffic network was modeled using VISSM.Simulated vehicular trajectories were generated and analyzed using SSAM. The results were then compared with
the real-life conflicts extracted from the video data collected at the same intersection based on the time-tocollision criteria. Although the results indicate many similarities between the observed and simulated conflicts,
the simulation results were found to overestimate the collision risks, especially in the case of pedestrians. The
results also indicate that the simulation approach is capable of identifying conflicts related to special maneuvers
such as merging and diverging at intersections
قراءة في انعكاسات الأحداث في الوطن العربي على مكانة القضية الفلسطينية منذ سبع سنوات : استيهامات تعمق الأزمة
No full textمقال في مجلة جدل الإلكترونية : العدد 32، شباط 2018، ص. 6-10تأثير الثورات العربيّة على القضيّة الفلسطينيّة وعلى تمثُّلات بعض الفلسطينيّين حولها، مشيرًا ضمن ذلك إلى تراجع الاهتمام بالقضايا العربيّة، وعلى رأسها القضيّة الفلسطينيّة، وكذلك إلى تداخل الأزمة التي يعيشها المجتمع الفلسطينيّ مع أزمات المجتمعات العربيّة وتأثُّرها بوقوع هذه المجتمعات تحت سيطرة الخطابات الرسميّة العربيّة الداعية إلى الانسحاب من الصراع، والتساوق مع استيهامات الرسميّ الفلسطينيّ بأنّه يدير "دولة"
تحليل ديناميكية الفقر في فلسطين بإستخدام بيانات المقاطع العرضية المتكررة
No full textDynamic relations and transitions over time are important aspects in different fields.
Dynamic models require panel data for at least two periods. However, panel data
collection requires high costs. So, in many countries there is a lack of panel data. When
only cross-sectional data are available, we will not be able to analyze dynamic relations
which will lead to lack of knowledge and capability of prediction of important
indicators for the development of people's life. In this thesis, we will apply Dang and
Lanjouw (2013), in addition to other traditional approaches, to estimate the transition
probabilities of getting into and out of poverty. This thesis can initiate this kind of
analysis by highlighting methods of repeated cross-sectional data analysis, which is
widely available in different Palestinian surveys. The results show that the rate of
mobility of refugees in the poverty is greater than that of the non-refugees, but there is
no evidence that there is a difference between refugees and non-refugees to get out of
poverty. Thus, the migration caused by the Israeli occupation affected the refugees
by increase the probability of entering the trap of poverty
Hybrid binary ant lion optimizer with rough set and approximate entropy reducts for feature selection
Full text linkFeature selection (FS) can be defined as the problem of finding the minimal number of features from an original set with the minimum information loss. Since FS problems are known as NP-hard problems, it is necessary to investigate a fast and an effective search algorithm to tackle this problem. In this paper, two incremental hill-climbing techniques (QuickReduct and CEBARKCC) are hybridized with the Binary Ant Lion Optimizer in a model called (HBALO). In the proposed approach, a pool of solutions (ants) is generated randomly and then enhanced by embedding the most informative features in the dataset that are selected by the two filter feature selection models. The resultant population is then used by BALO algorithm to find the best solution. The proposed binary approaches are tested on a set of 18 well-known datasets from UCI repository and compared with the most recent related approaches. The experimental results show the superior performance of the proposed approaches in searching the feature space for optimal feature combinations
Enhancing recognition of obstetric anal sphincter injuries in six maternity units in Palestine : an interventional quality improvement study
Full text linkObjective To explore the impact of a training intervention on obstetric anal sphincter injuries’ (OASIS)
detection rate. Design Prospective quality improvement interventional
study. Setting Six secondary and tertiary maternity units in Palestine.
Population Women having singleton vaginal births
≥23weeks’ gestation or babies weighing ≥500 g (n=22 922). Caesarean births (n=5431), multiple gestations (n=443) and vaginal births of unregistered perineum
status (n=800) were excluded. Interventions Training programme for enhancing OASIS detection was conducted between 31 January and 31 December 2015. International experts delivered 2-day standardisation workshop teaching OASIS diagnosis and repair to each maternity unit. They also provided additional training to three research fellows employed in three of the maternity units. This was followed by 13-week period of data collection (phase 1). Research fellows then delivered training intervention over 15-week interval (phase 2), including theoretical teaching and ‘onsite’ training in
perineal trauma assessment within the six maternity units. Finally, 13-week postintervention observation (phase 3) followed. Primary outcome measure OASIS rates were used as surrogate for OASIS recognition. OASIS rates were compared between different phases and between the two maternity unit groups (research fellow and non-research fellow based) using Pearson’s χ² test.
Results A total 22 922 women were included. Among primiparous women, OASIS rate was higher in phase 2 (2.8%, p<0.001) and phase 3 (3.1%, p<0.001) than phase 1 (0.5%). However, no significant differences were detected in the rates of severe OASIS (third-degree 3c and fourth-degree tears) between phase 1 and 2 (0.5% vs 0.3%), because this would have required at least 103 women with severe OASIS to be included in each phase. Among parous women, OASIS rate was significantly
higher in phase 2 (0.6%, p=0.002) but not in phase 3 (0.4%, p=0.071) compared with phase 1 (0.2%). Research fellows’ maternity units showed higher OASIS rates among primiparous women in phase 2 (3.6% vs 1.4%, p=0.001) and phase 3 (4.3% vs 0.8%, p<0.001) than non-research fellows’ maternity unitsNorwegian Research Counci
Development and evaluation of parenteral solution containing florfenicol and flunixin meglumine for veterinary use
No full textAn article published in : International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Review and Research, 52(2), September-October 2018 ; Article No. 07, Pages: 39-43Parenteral dosage forms are one of the most commonly used pharmaceutical dosage forms in veterinary medicine, at the same time the combination therapy of multiple drug products is a common practice in this field. The aim of this research was to develop a high quality, stable solution that combines Florfenicol and Flunixin meglumine in a multidose injectable dosage form. Different organic solvents were tested to determine the optimal solvent for the active substances in the formulation. Citric acid was used in the formulation to overcome the problem of Flunixin instability and ethyl alcohol was incorporated in the formula in order to enhance
syringeability and injectability of the solution. All prepared formulations were evaluated for their chemical and physical stabilities.
The candidate formula showed good physical and chemical stability after two weeks of storage at both room temperature and accelerated conditions. Samples from three pilot scale batches were stored at accelerated stability conditions for 6 months and didn’t show any significant physical or chemical instability. A generic parenteral solution drug product containing Florfenicol and Flunixin meglumine for veterinary use was successfully developed using mixture of organic solvents and excipientsAdvanced Veterinary Manufacturing Company (Palestine
Building and planning regulations under Israeli colonial power : a critical study from Palestine
No full textABSTRACT
Colonial regimes used urban planning regulations as a tool to control and
dominate other people and natural resources. Since the beginning of the
past century, Palestine represented a good example of where urban planning
regulations played a major role in urban transformation and development.
The Israeli regime has been using old regional plans that were prepared by
the British Mandate, and issued many others to achieve its aim of
establishing settlements and dominating the West Bank. Consequently, this
study explores how urban planning regulations can become a tool for
controlling and dominating people and natural resources. This study
investigated how these tools were used by controlling authority during the
past century