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Supervised Training of Spiking Neural Network by Adapting the E-MWO Algorithm for Pattern Classification
No full textSpiking neural networks (SNN) are more realistic and powerful than the preceding generations of the neural networks (e.g. multi-layer perceptron networks). The SNN can be applied for simulating the brain and its functions, as well as it is able to be employed for different applications such as pattern classification. Different methods have been proposed for supervised training of SNN, however, most of them were validated based on using the classical XOR problem, and they consume long training time if other problems are considered. This paper proposes a new supervised training method for SNN by adapting the Enhanced-Mussels Wandering Optimization algorithm. In addition, a SNN model for pattern classification is proposed. The proposed work is used for pattern classification of real-world problems
Feature selection using binary particle swarm optimization with time varying inertia weight strategies
No full textIn this paper, a feature selection approach that based on Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) with time varying inertia weight
strategies is proposed. Feature Selection is an important preprocessing technique that aims to enhance the learning algorithm (e.g.,
classification) by improving its performance or reducing the processing time or both of them. Searching for the best feature set is
a challenging problem in feature selection process, metaheuristics
algorithms have proved a good performance in finding the (near)
optimal solution for this problem. PSO algorithm is considered a
primary Swarm Intelligence technique that showed a good performance in solving different optimization problems. A key component
that highly affect the performance of PSO is the updating strategy
of the inertia weight that controls the balance between exploration
and exploitation. This paper studies the effect of different time varying inertia weight updating strategies on the performance of BPSO
in tackling feature selection problem. To assess the performance of
the proposed approach, 18 standard UCI datasets were used. The
proposed approach is compared with well regarded metaheuristics based feature selection approaches, and the results proved the
superiority of the proposed approach
أسباب وآثار ظاهرة ترييف المدن، وتمدين الريف (رام الله، البيرة، بيتونيا، وبيتين كحالة دراسية)
No full textتحولات المجتمع الفلسطيني منذ العام 1948 : جدلية الفقدان و تحديات البقاء
No full textيسعى هذا الكتاب لتشخيص وتحليل التحولات البنيوية التي أصابت المجتمع الفلسطيني منذ نكبة سنة 1948 من خلال تبيان السياق الاستعماري الذي يهدد كيانية هذا المجتمع وهويته والأسس الموضوعية لوجوده. وحرص مؤلفوه على تقديم رؤية شاملة موجزة ونقدية للتحولات الاجتماعية التي خضع لها الشعب الفلسطيني في تجمعاته الأساسية المتعددة، بالتركيز على مناطق الضفة الغربية وقطاع غزة والمناطق المحتلة سنة 1948. لذلك يتناول هذا الكتاب محورين متقاطعين ومكملين أحدهما الآخر. يتمثل المحور الأول في رصد وتحليل التحولات الاجتماعية والسياسية والاقتصادية والثقافية الأساسية، وطبيعة تفاعلاتها مع الفضاءات والبيئات المحيطة بها، بينما يتمثل المحور الثاني في دراسة هذه التحولات عبر مختلف الحقب الزمنية التي مر المجتمع الفلسطيني بها منذ الانتداب البريطاني ولغاية الآن
Rank based binary particle swarm optimisation for feature selection in classification
Get PDFFeature selection (FS) is an important and challenging task in machine learning. FS can be defined as the process of finding the best informative subset of features in order to avoid the curse of dimensionality and maximise the classification accuracy. In this work, we propose a FS algorithm based on binary particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and -NN classifier. PSO is a well-known swarm intelligent algorithm that have shown to be very effective in dealing with various difficult problems. Nevertheless, the performance of PSO is highly effected by the inertia weight parameter which controls the balance between exploration and exploitation. To address this issue, we use an adaptive mechanism to adaptively change the value of the inertia weight parameter based on the search status. The proposed PSO has been tested on 12 well-known datasets from UCI repository. The results show that the proposed PSO outperformed the other methods in terms of the number of features and classification accuracy
Training neural networks using salp swarm algorithm for pattern classification
Get PDFPattern classification is one of the popular applications of neural networks. However, training the neural networks is the most essential phase. Traditional training algorithms (e.g. Back-propagation algorithm) have some drawbacks such as falling into the local minima and slow convergence rate. Therefore, optimization algorithms are employed to overcome these issues. Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) is a recent and novel nature-inspired optimization algorithm that proved a good performance in solving many optimization problems. This paper proposes the use of SSA to optimize the weights coefficients for the neural networks in order to perform pattern classification. The merits of the proposed method are validated using a set of well-known classification problems and compared against rival optimization algorithms. The obtained results show that the proposed method performs better than or on par with other methods in terms of classification accuracy and sum squared errors
Jerusalem properties and endowments : a study of the old city estates in the twentieth century
No full textThis book examines the features of urban space in the old city in Jerusalem and its social and historical significance through analyzing types of ownerships including family and charitable waqfs. The book provides charts, diagrams and illustrative maps that indicate types and ratios of property ownerships and their approximate sizes, along with descriptions of real estate properties and methods of their usage. Extracted from initial research data and archival sources and urban architectural surveys, the book’s info is of great benefit to all researchers specializing in Jerusalem’s history and in Levant cities in general.
The study presents the results of the project for documenting property ownership in the old town in Jerusalem, as accomplished by Taawon’s Old City of Jerusalem Revitalization Program (OCJRP), in collaboration with a professional team from the department of maps in Arab Studies Society in Jerusalem. This was guided by a dedicated effort to outline the historical context of various ownership systems in Palestine, aiming at reaching a better historical understanding of the sources of the study and at contributing to understanding the transformations and policies of urban landscape in Palestine.
يتناول هذا الكتاب ملامح الحيز الحضري في البلدة القديمة بالقدس وأهميتها الاجتماعية والتاريخية من خلال تحليل أنواع الملكيات بما فيها الأوقاف العائلية والخيرية. يوفر الكتاب رسومًا بيانية وخرائط توضيحية تشير إلى أنواع ونسب ملكيات الملكية وأحجامها التقريبية ، إلى جانب وصف العقارات وطرق استخدامها. مستخلصة من بيانات البحث الأولية والمصادر الأرشيفية والمسوحات المعمارية الحضرية ، تعتبر معلومات الكتاب ذات فائدة كبيرة لجميع الباحثين المتخصصين في تاريخ القدس وفي مدن بلاد الشام بشكل عام.
تعرض الدراسة نتائج مشروع توثيق ملكية الممتلكات في البلدة القديمة في القدس ، كما تم إنجازه من خلال برنامج إعادة تنشيط مدينة القدس القديمة (OCJRP) بالتعاون مع فريق فني من قسم الخرائط في جمعية الدراسات العربية في القدس. . وقد واسترشد ذلك بجهد مخصص لتوضيح السياق التاريخي لمختلف أنظمة الملكية في فلسطين ، بهدف الوصول إلى فهم تاريخي أفضل لمصادر الدراسة والمساهمة في فهم التحولات وسياسات المشهد الحضري في فلسطي
State of Necessity
No full textArabic Abstract: تسعى الدراسة لبحث حالة الضرورة في بعض التشريعات العربية، باعتبارها خروجا عن الأصل العام. ولذلكتم استعراض الإطار القانوني الناظم لحالة الضرورة، بما فيها تعريف حالة الضرورة والضوابط القانونية لإعمالها، و تم التعرض لآليات الرقابة على حالة الضرورة من حيث صلاحية البرلمان بالمراجعة الاجرائية والرقابة الدستورية على القرارات المتخذة في إطارها.
وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج أهمها: للسلطة التنفيذية صلاحية إصدار قرارات بمرتبة قوانين وفقاً لضوابط محددة، وذلك في حالات الضرورة التي لا تحتمل التأخير وفي غير أدوار انعقاد السلطة التشريعية، وتحتل هذه القرارات مرتبة القوانين العادية الصادرة من السلطة التشريعية. وتتابع السلطة التشريعية هذه القرارات من الناحية الإجرائية، على أن تخضع لرقابة المحكمة الدستورية؛ لبحث مدى التزام السلطة التنفيذية بالضوابط المحددة دستورية، وضمان وعدم تجاوزها
Impact of animated instruction on tablets and hands-on training in applying bimanual perineal support on episiotomy rates: an intervention study.
Get PDFIntroduction and hypothesis In Palestine, episiotomy is frequently used among primiparous women.This study assesses the
effect of training birth attendants in applying bimanual perineal support during delivery by either animated instruction on tablets
or hands-on training on episiotomy rates among primiparous women.
Methods An interventional cohort study was performed from 15 October 2015 to 31 January 2017, including all primiparous
women with singletons and noninstrumental vaginal deliveries at six Palestinian hospitals. Intervention 1 (animated instructions
on tablets) was conducted in Hospitals 1, 2, 3, and 4. Intervention 2 (bedside hands-on training) was applied in Hospitals 1 and 2
only. Hospitals 5 and 6 did not receive interventions. Differences in episiotomy rates in intervention and nonintervention
hospitals were assessed before and after the interventions and presented as p values using chi-square test, and odds ratios
(OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Differences in the demographic and obstetric characteristics were presented as p values
using the Kruskal–Wallis test.
Results Of 46,709 women, 12,841 were included. The overall episiotomy rate in the intervention hospitals did not change
significantly after intervention 1, from 63.1 to 62.1% (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.84–1.08), but did so after intervention 2, from
61.1 to 38.1% (OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.33–0.47). Rates after Intervention 2 changed from 65.0 to 47.3% (OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.40–
0.67) in Hospital 1 and from 39.4 to 25.1% (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.35–0.68) in Hospital 2.
Conclusions Hands-on training of bimanual perineal support during delivery of primiparous women was significantly more
effective in reducing episiotomy rates than animated instruction videos alone.Norwegian Research Counci