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تحولات المجتمع الفلسطيني منذ العام 1948 : جدلية الفقدان و تحديات البقاء
No full textيسعى هذا الكتاب لتشخيص وتحليل التحولات البنيوية التي أصابت المجتمع الفلسطيني منذ نكبة سنة 1948 من خلال تبيان السياق الاستعماري الذي يهدد كيانية هذا المجتمع وهويته والأسس الموضوعية لوجوده. وحرص مؤلفوه على تقديم رؤية شاملة موجزة ونقدية للتحولات الاجتماعية التي خضع لها الشعب الفلسطيني في تجمعاته الأساسية المتعددة، بالتركيز على مناطق الضفة الغربية وقطاع غزة والمناطق المحتلة سنة 1948. لذلك يتناول هذا الكتاب محورين متقاطعين ومكملين أحدهما الآخر. يتمثل المحور الأول في رصد وتحليل التحولات الاجتماعية والسياسية والاقتصادية والثقافية الأساسية، وطبيعة تفاعلاتها مع الفضاءات والبيئات المحيطة بها، بينما يتمثل المحور الثاني في دراسة هذه التحولات عبر مختلف الحقب الزمنية التي مر المجتمع الفلسطيني بها منذ الانتداب البريطاني ولغاية الآن
Rank based binary particle swarm optimisation for feature selection in classification
Full text linkFeature selection (FS) is an important and challenging task in machine learning. FS can be defined as the process of finding the best informative subset of features in order to avoid the curse of dimensionality and maximise the classification accuracy. In this work, we propose a FS algorithm based on binary particle swarm optimisation (PSO) and -NN classifier. PSO is a well-known swarm intelligent algorithm that have shown to be very effective in dealing with various difficult problems. Nevertheless, the performance of PSO is highly effected by the inertia weight parameter which controls the balance between exploration and exploitation. To address this issue, we use an adaptive mechanism to adaptively change the value of the inertia weight parameter based on the search status. The proposed PSO has been tested on 12 well-known datasets from UCI repository. The results show that the proposed PSO outperformed the other methods in terms of the number of features and classification accuracy
Training neural networks using salp swarm algorithm for pattern classification
Full text linkPattern classification is one of the popular applications of neural networks. However, training the neural networks is the most essential phase. Traditional training algorithms (e.g. Back-propagation algorithm) have some drawbacks such as falling into the local minima and slow convergence rate. Therefore, optimization algorithms are employed to overcome these issues. Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) is a recent and novel nature-inspired optimization algorithm that proved a good performance in solving many optimization problems. This paper proposes the use of SSA to optimize the weights coefficients for the neural networks in order to perform pattern classification. The merits of the proposed method are validated using a set of well-known classification problems and compared against rival optimization algorithms. The obtained results show that the proposed method performs better than or on par with other methods in terms of classification accuracy and sum squared errors
Jerusalem properties and endowments : a study of the old city estates in the twentieth century
No full textThis book examines the features of urban space in the old city in Jerusalem and its social and historical significance through analyzing types of ownerships including family and charitable waqfs. The book provides charts, diagrams and illustrative maps that indicate types and ratios of property ownerships and their approximate sizes, along with descriptions of real estate properties and methods of their usage. Extracted from initial research data and archival sources and urban architectural surveys, the book’s info is of great benefit to all researchers specializing in Jerusalem’s history and in Levant cities in general.
The study presents the results of the project for documenting property ownership in the old town in Jerusalem, as accomplished by Taawon’s Old City of Jerusalem Revitalization Program (OCJRP), in collaboration with a professional team from the department of maps in Arab Studies Society in Jerusalem. This was guided by a dedicated effort to outline the historical context of various ownership systems in Palestine, aiming at reaching a better historical understanding of the sources of the study and at contributing to understanding the transformations and policies of urban landscape in Palestine.
يتناول هذا الكتاب ملامح الحيز الحضري في البلدة القديمة بالقدس وأهميتها الاجتماعية والتاريخية من خلال تحليل أنواع الملكيات بما فيها الأوقاف العائلية والخيرية. يوفر الكتاب رسومًا بيانية وخرائط توضيحية تشير إلى أنواع ونسب ملكيات الملكية وأحجامها التقريبية ، إلى جانب وصف العقارات وطرق استخدامها. مستخلصة من بيانات البحث الأولية والمصادر الأرشيفية والمسوحات المعمارية الحضرية ، تعتبر معلومات الكتاب ذات فائدة كبيرة لجميع الباحثين المتخصصين في تاريخ القدس وفي مدن بلاد الشام بشكل عام.
تعرض الدراسة نتائج مشروع توثيق ملكية الممتلكات في البلدة القديمة في القدس ، كما تم إنجازه من خلال برنامج إعادة تنشيط مدينة القدس القديمة (OCJRP) بالتعاون مع فريق فني من قسم الخرائط في جمعية الدراسات العربية في القدس. . وقد واسترشد ذلك بجهد مخصص لتوضيح السياق التاريخي لمختلف أنظمة الملكية في فلسطين ، بهدف الوصول إلى فهم تاريخي أفضل لمصادر الدراسة والمساهمة في فهم التحولات وسياسات المشهد الحضري في فلسطي
Factor V Leiden G1691A and prothrombin G20210A mutations among Palestinian patients with sickle cell disease
No full textBackground: Vascular thrombosis is an important pathophysiological aspect of sickle cell disease (SCD). This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and clinical impact of factor V Leiden G1691A (FVL) and prothrombin G20210A mutations among Palestinian sickle cell disease (SCD) patients.
Methods: A total of 117 SCD patients, including 59 patients with sickle cell anemia (SS), 33 patients with sickle β-thalassemia and 25 individuals with sickle cell trait (AS) were studied. The control group consisted of 118 healthy individuals. FVL and prothrombin G20210A mutations were determined by RFLP PCR. Results: Analysis of the clinical history of SCD patients revealed that seven patients have had vascular complications such as ischemic stroke or deep vein thrombosis. In SCD patients, the inheritance of the FVL mutation showed a significantly higher incidence of pain in joints, chest and abdomen as well as regular dependence on blood transfusion compared to SCD with the wild type. Age- and sex-adjusted logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association between FVL and sickle cell anemia with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.6 (95% confidence intervals [CI] of 1.91–39.4, P = 0.039) in SS patients. However, increased prevalence of the FVL in AS subjects and sickle β-thalassemia patients was not statistically significant compared to controls (OR 3.97, 95% CI 0.51–28.6, P = 0.17 and OR 3.59, 95% CI 0.35–41.6, P = 0.26, respectively). The distribution of prothrombin G20210A mutation among SCD patients compared to controls was not significantly different, thus our findings do not support an association of this mutation with SCD. Conclusions: FVL was more prevalent among SS patients compared to controls and it was associated with higher incidence of disease complications among SCD patients
Investigation of the Chemical Content of Two Specific Streams in Municipal Waste: The Case of Hazardous Household Waste and Dental Waste.
No full textA variety of chemicals is included in the household hazardous waste and the
dental waste fractions that are sadly both parts of municipal solid waste in Greece.
These chemical compounds have hazardous properties according to international
and European regulations.
In Greece, the categorization of household hazardous waste is not indicated
by any legislation, whereas for dental waste the legislation is existent since
May 2012, but the development of a management plan undertaken by the
Hellenic Dental Association is not yet active. Given that both waste fractions
are managed with other municipal solid wastes, they are spotted in solid waste
management facilities causing multiple impacts and challenging the labors’
health and safety status.
Desk research involving literature and commercial research was conducted in
order for the hazardous substances of each of the aforementioned waste stream to
be pinpointed; collected data were compiled into databases for those two specific
waste streams and were categorized based on their hazardous properties and the
waste facility they are most likely to be found in. Parallel field researches were
conducted to: (i) determine the uncertainty level of the fractions, composition,
and health/environmental impacts, and (ii) specific parameters were introduced to
determine their impact due to the status of health and safety conditions within the
management facilities in Greece. Despite the fact that HHW is almost 10% of the
total MSW, it was found that 4.00% of their compounds involve a toxic risk and
7.16% of them involve combination risks for humans working in treatment
facilities; ten chemical compounds, which are included in this fraction, are
categorized as R39/23/24/25 (toxic). On the other hand, in DW, 8.82% of the
included chemical compounds involve a toxic risk and 11.76% of them involve
combination risks for humans.
The qualitative and quantitative analysis of those waste fractions presented in
this paper will pave the way toward organization of both waste streams’ management
plan followed by compiled strategies and recommendations to divert
them from the municipal waste stream and lead them to safe and sustainable
management paths
Bio-energy in Palestine between reality and potential
No full textIn Palestine, there are huge natural possibilities in the field of bio-energy, which greatly reduces dependence on imports. In the field of bio-energy, there are huge amounts of solid waste produced by municipalities, which spend large sums of money to bury them in waste dumps, which are deficient and inadequate to meet the needs, there is a large amount of waste oil used and polluting the environment. There are also large quantities of olive peat that pollute the environment. Investment in these fields produces large amounts of energy and protects the environment from severe damage.
In addition, there are huge quantities of animal manure from goats, chickens and cows, which can generate energy. In any case, bio-energy processes lead to the production of natural fertilizers that are desirable to farmers because of their lack of odors.
The amount of biogas that can be extracted from organic waste, depends on the waste itself and the design of the digester system, it ranges from 20 m3 per ton to 800 m3 of biogas per ton. Each cubic meter (m3) of biogas contains the equivalent of 6kWh of calorific energy.Palestine suffers from two main problems in the economy: dependence on imports in all sectors, including the energy sector, and relying on the assistance of donor institutions and international development institutions. In recent years, international aid has declined significantly, but energy imports and consumption continue to increase due to the increasing population, the absence of a public transport sector, and so the increase in the number of vehicles in the transport sector and the doubling of the consumption of petroleum energy.
Hence, there is a need to study the potential of renewable energy, including bio-energy. In Palestine, there are huge natural possibilities in the field of bio-energy, which greatly reduces dependence on imports.
In the field of bio-energy, there are huge amounts of solid waste produced by municipalities, which spend large sums of money to bury them in waste dumps, which are deficient and inadequate to meet the needs, there is a large amount of waste oil used and polluting the environment. There are also large quantities of olive peats that pollute the environment. Investment in these fields produces large amounts of energy and protects the environment from severe damage.
In addition, there are huge quantities of animal manure from goats, chickens and cows, which can generate energy. In any case, bio-energy processes lead to the production of natural fertilizers that are desirable to farmers because of their lack of odors.
The organic waste produced in Palestine per year is as follows: Wood and Charcoal 2,7917 tons, Organic municipal solid waste 7,325,741,5 tons, Olive peat 476,921 tons, Oils and Lubricants 1,083 tons, Animal manure 628,660 tons, the total is 74,391,996 tons. The amount of biogas that can be extracted from organic waste, depends on the waste itself and the design of the digester system, it ranges from 20 m3 per ton to 800 m3 of biogas per ton. Each cubic meter (m3) of biogas contains the equivalent of 6kWh of calorific energy.
In Palestine: 74,391,996 tons* 20 = 1,487,839,920 m3 of biogas produces (8,927,039,520 kW).Which consist of (2,975,679,840 kW) electric energy, and (5,951,359,680 kW) thermal energy
State of Necessity
No full textArabic Abstract: تسعى الدراسة لبحث حالة الضرورة في بعض التشريعات العربية، باعتبارها خروجا عن الأصل العام. ولذلكتم استعراض الإطار القانوني الناظم لحالة الضرورة، بما فيها تعريف حالة الضرورة والضوابط القانونية لإعمالها، و تم التعرض لآليات الرقابة على حالة الضرورة من حيث صلاحية البرلمان بالمراجعة الاجرائية والرقابة الدستورية على القرارات المتخذة في إطارها.
وتوصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج أهمها: للسلطة التنفيذية صلاحية إصدار قرارات بمرتبة قوانين وفقاً لضوابط محددة، وذلك في حالات الضرورة التي لا تحتمل التأخير وفي غير أدوار انعقاد السلطة التشريعية، وتحتل هذه القرارات مرتبة القوانين العادية الصادرة من السلطة التشريعية. وتتابع السلطة التشريعية هذه القرارات من الناحية الإجرائية، على أن تخضع لرقابة المحكمة الدستورية؛ لبحث مدى التزام السلطة التنفيذية بالضوابط المحددة دستورية، وضمان وعدم تجاوزها
Impact of animated instruction on tablets and hands-on training in applying bimanual perineal support on episiotomy rates: an intervention study.
Full text linkIntroduction and hypothesis In Palestine, episiotomy is frequently used among primiparous women.This study assesses the
effect of training birth attendants in applying bimanual perineal support during delivery by either animated instruction on tablets
or hands-on training on episiotomy rates among primiparous women.
Methods An interventional cohort study was performed from 15 October 2015 to 31 January 2017, including all primiparous
women with singletons and noninstrumental vaginal deliveries at six Palestinian hospitals. Intervention 1 (animated instructions
on tablets) was conducted in Hospitals 1, 2, 3, and 4. Intervention 2 (bedside hands-on training) was applied in Hospitals 1 and 2
only. Hospitals 5 and 6 did not receive interventions. Differences in episiotomy rates in intervention and nonintervention
hospitals were assessed before and after the interventions and presented as p values using chi-square test, and odds ratios
(OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Differences in the demographic and obstetric characteristics were presented as p values
using the Kruskal–Wallis test.
Results Of 46,709 women, 12,841 were included. The overall episiotomy rate in the intervention hospitals did not change
significantly after intervention 1, from 63.1 to 62.1% (OR = 0.96, 95% CI 0.84–1.08), but did so after intervention 2, from
61.1 to 38.1% (OR = 0.39, 95% CI 0.33–0.47). Rates after Intervention 2 changed from 65.0 to 47.3% (OR = 0.52, 95% CI 0.40–
0.67) in Hospital 1 and from 39.4 to 25.1% (OR = 0.49, 95% CI 0.35–0.68) in Hospital 2.
Conclusions Hands-on training of bimanual perineal support during delivery of primiparous women was significantly more
effective in reducing episiotomy rates than animated instruction videos alone.Norwegian Research Counci