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Perceived physical and psychosocial adaptations during the perinatal period in Palestinian women and men in a remote West Bank village : a qualitative study
Get PDFBackground Coverage and quality of postnatal care in the occupied Palestinian territory, and information about morbidities and challenges that families might face, remain inadequate despite its centrality to ensure maternal and infant health. In our planning of a postnatal home-visiting programme, we explored rural women’s and men’s views about physical and psychosocial adaptations before, during, and after childbirth in the Beit Liqya village situated in Area C (60% of the West Bank placed under undivided Israeli security and infrastructural control). Methods We undertook four focus groups with married women and one with married men of different ages in 2012, using an open-ended guide. Participants included 44 women (aged 21–70 years; nine were pregnant, four were childless, 31 were not pregnant and already had at least one child) and nine men (aged 24–71 years). Ethical approval was obtained and participants provided verbal consent. Data were analysed with thematic analysis.
Findings The diversity of participants provided a rich perspective on societal changes. Five main themes emerged: transitions in men’s paternal and spousal roles and women’s lifestyles; the institutionalisation of childbirth; formally trained midwives and physicians replacing the village daya (a traditional birth attendant skilled through apprenticeship); psychosocial adaptation after birth; and views about health services. Nowadays, men participate more in pregnancy, childbirth, and post-partum family life than they previously did. However, the diet of women is reduced in nutrition; they are not as active during pregnancy because of reduced agricultural labour and are more focused on medical controls, such as frequent antenatal visits and laboratory tests. As noted by a woman that “[there are] too many antenatal visits, women do not eat breakfast, although there are many available options in houses these days, they eat unhealthy junk food”. The postpartum period was viewed as a crucial time for recovery with a need for strong family support. Female participants expressed a preference for female health-care providers. Interpretation Findings deepened our understanding of rural women’s and families’ needs and views regarding pregnancy, birth, and postpartum. Changes in the experiences of Palestinian women and men during the perinatal period should inform changes to policy and practices to tailor accessible and effective community programmes that are responsive to these families’ needs and of those in other marginalised populations.The Theodor-Springmann Foundation
ظاهرة التعلق التركيبي في التنزيل العزيز وأثرها في تعدد المعاني : المواضع والبواعث
No full textمقال نشر في مجلة : Journal of Qur’anic Studies = مجلة الدراسات القرآنية، مج. 18، ع. 1 2016، ص. 177-201المَطلبُ الأوّلُ: في مَقاصدِ العُنوانِ
تقومُ هذِه المُباحَثةُ -كَما هُو بادٍ مِن عُنوانِها العَريضِ- عَلى ثلاثةِ أركانٍ مُؤسِّسةٍ:
- أوّلُها استشرافُ ظاهرةٍ نَحويّةٍ في التَّنزيلِ العزيزِ.
- وَثانيها تِبيانُ أثرِها.
- وثالثُها تَعيينُ مَواضعِ هذِه الظّاهرةِ والأسبابِ المُفْضيةِ إِليْها.
(1-1) أمّا الظّاهرةُ المرادُ بَحثُها فَهي التّعلّقُ التّركيبيُّ في النّصِّ القُرآنيِّ، وَالمَقْصِدُ المُتعيّنُ مِنها تَرابطُ الكَلمِ، وَتَعلّقُ بَعضِهِ بِبعضٍ في السِّياقاتِ التَّركيبِيّةِ، فَقَدْ يَحدثُ أحْيانًا أنْ تَغدوَ الكَلِمَةُ في سياقٍ تَركيبيٍّ ما حَمّالةً لأكثرَ مِن مَعْنًى نَحويٍّ؛ ذلِكَ أنّها تَتَعلّقُ بغَيْرِ كَلِمَةٍ في ذلِكَ السّياقِ، وسيضربُ الباحثُ أمثلةً عَلى ذلكَ كُلِّه بَعْدًا.
(1-2) أمّا الرّكنُ الثّاني مِن أرْكانِ هذِه المُباحثةِ فَبيانُ أثرِ هذِه الظّاهرةِ في التّلقّي وتعدّدِ المَعاني والتّفاسيرِ؛ ذلكَ أنَّ تَباينَ بابِ القَولِ عَلى التّعلّقِ ما هو إِلاّ بابٌ مِن أبوابِ القَولِ عَلى تَعدّدِ المَعاني، وتَعدّدِ التَّفاسيرِ.
(1-3) أمّا الرّكنُ الثّالثُ في هذِه المُباحثةِ –كَما هُو بادٍ في العُنوانِ- فَتلمّسُ المَواضعِ وَالأسبابِ المُفْضِيَةِ إِلى هذِه الظّاهرةِ، وَلَعلّي أختمُ هذا المَطلبَ بِمِثالٍ جامعٍ لِهذِه الأرْكانِ الثّلاثةِ: الظّاهرةِ، والمَوضعِ، والأثَرِ، وهُو قَولُ الحقِّ -تَقدّس اسمُهُ-: "فَأَخْرَجَ لَهُمْ عِجْلاً جَسَدًا لَّهُ خُوَارٌ فَقَالُوا هَـذا إِلَـٰهُكُمْ وَإِلَـٰهُ مُوسَىٰ فَنَسِيَ"( ):
- وأمّا الظّاهرةُ فَهي التّعلّقُ التّركيبيُّ، وتَماسُكُ الكَلِمِ بَعضه بِبعضٍ.
- وَأمّا المَوضعُ فَواقِعٌ في تَعيينِ مَرجعِ الضَّميرِ المُسْتترِ الدّالِّ عَلَيهِ الفِعلُ "نَسِيَ".
- وَأمّا الأَثرُ فَتعدّدُ المَعاني النّحويّةِ، وتعدّدُ الأَعاريبِ الآتيةِ مِن التّعلّقِ، فقَدْ تَقدَّمَ الضّميرَ المُستترَ "هو" مَرجِعانِ، وَهُما ضَميرُ السّامريِّ في "فَأخْرَجَ"، وَ"موسى" عليهِ السّلامُ، وَقَد تَردّدَ المُفَسِّرونَ بَينَهُما، فَقيلَ:
- نَسيَ موسى أنْ يَذكُرَ لَكُم أنّه إِلهُهُ، أوْ: فَنسيَ موسى أنْ يَطلبَهُ ههُنا، وَذَهبَ يَطلبُهُ عِنْدَ الطّورِ.
- وقيلَ: نَسيَ السّامريّ، فَتركَ ما أمَرَه بِهِ موسى مِن الإيمانِ فَضَلَّ، أوْ: نَسيَ السّامريُّ الاسْتدلالَ عَلى أنَّ العِجلَ لا يكونُ إِلهًا( )
معجم المرأة في القرآن الكريم : مفردات الكلام، و الأحكام، و الأعلام : دراسة معجمية دلالية سياقية
No full textاشْتَمَلَ المُعْجَمُ، في المَقامِ الأَوّلِ، عَلى أَلْفاظِ المَرْأَةِ الوارِدَةِ في التَّنْزيلِ العَزيزِ، وَالأَعْلامِ التي وَرَدَتْ فيهِ تَصْريحًا أَوْ تَلْميحًا، أَمّا أَلْفاظُ المَرْأَةِ فَأَعْني بِها:
- كُلَّ فِعْلٍ فَعَلَتْهُ المَرْأَةُ بِنَفْسِها؛ وَذلِكَ نَحْوُ: "وَراوَدَتْهُ التي هُوَ في بَيْتِها" – المَرْأَةُ المُراوِدَةُ.
- وَكُلَّ قَوْلٍ قالَتْهُ المَرْأَةُ بِنَفْسِها؛ وَذلكَ نَحْوُ: "وَقالَتْ لأُخْتِهِ قُصِّيهِ" – المَرْأَة القاصَّةُ.
- وَكُلَّ وَصْفٍ أَسْبَغَهُ الحَقُّ عَلى المَرْأَةِ؛ وَذلِكَ نَحْوُ: "النّفّاثاتِ في العُقَدِ": المَرْأَةُ النّفّاثَةُ.
- وَكُلَّ فِعْلٍ أُمِرَتْ بِهِ المَرْأَةُ؛ وَذلِكَ نَحْوُ: "يا مَرْيُمُ اقْنُتي لِرَبِّكَ وَاسْجُدي"– المَرْأَةُ القانِتَةُ، وَالمَرْأَةُ السّاجِدَةُ.
- وَكُلَّ فِعْلٍ أَوْ وَصْفٍ تُحُدِّثَ بِهِ عَنِ المَرْأَةِ؛ وَذلكَ نَحْوُ: "وَالوالِداتُ يُرْضِعْنَ أَوْلادَهُنَّ": المَرْأَةُ الوالِدَةُ، والمَرْأَةُ المُرْضِعُ، وَوَلَدُ المَرْأَةُ.
التَّأسيسُ الثّالِثُ: الاسْتِدْراكُ
فَإِنِ اسْتَدْرَكَ قائِلٌ أَوْ مُسْتَفْهِمٌ عَلى هذِهِ المُقاوَلَةِ، فَزادَ: وَماذا عَلَيْكَ لَوْ رَتَّبْتَها وَفْقًا لِلْمَعاني؟ وَهَلاّ أَقَمْتَ لَنا بَوْنًا بَيْنَ تَرْتيبِ الأَوْصافِ "المَداخِلِ المُعْجَمِيّةِ" وَفْقًا لِلأَلْفاظِ، وَتَرْتيبِها وَفْقًا لِلْمَعاني.
قُلْتُ:
لَقَدْ رَتَّبْتُ المَوادَّ تَرْتيبًا أَبْتَثِيًّا عَلى حُروفِ التَّهَجّي، وَرَتَّبْتُ المَداخِلَ المُعْجَمِيّةَ وَفْقًا لِلأَلْفاظِ لا لِلْمَعاني، فَلَمْ أُدْخِلْ تَحْتَ أَيِّ وَصْفٍ ما لَيْسَ مِنَ اشْتِقاقِ جَذْرِهِ، وَمِثالُ ذلِكَ مادَّةُ "ولد"، وَتَحْتَها الوَصْفُ: "المَرْأَةُ الوالِدَةُ"، فَلَمْ أَذْكُرْ تَحْتَ هذا الجذْرِ، وَتِلْكَ المادَّةِ، أَيًّا مِنَ الآياتِ وَالمَعاني التي وَرَدَ فيها مَعْنى "الوالِدَة"، كَالأُمِّ مَثَلاً، وَذلِكَ كَذلِكَ في مُزاوَلَتي لِلَفْظِ "الأُمّ" في هذا المُعْجَمِ، فَقَدْ وَرَدَ ذِكْرٌ لِلأُمِّ بِغَيْرِ لَفْظٍ في التَّنْزيلِ العَزيزِ؛ كَالوالِدَةِ، وَالوالِدَيْنِ، وَلَيْسَ هذا مِمّا أَثْبَتُّهُ تَحْتَ مَبْحَثِ "المَرْأَةِ الأُمّ"؛ إِذْ مَنْهَجي هُوَ التَّعْويلُ عَلى الأَلْفاظِ اعْتِمادًا عَلى الجُذورِ، وَلَيْسَ عَلى المَعاني؛ إِذْ لَوْ كانَ المَنْهَجُ اسْتِقْصاءَ الكَلِماتِ التي تَدُلُّ عَلى مَعْنى "الأُمِّ"، أَوْ تَدُلُّ عَلَيْها كَلِمَةُ الأُمِّ، لاخْتَلَفَ التَّرتيبُ كُلّيًّا، وَإِنَّما المَنْهَجُ الْتِماسُ أَلْفاظِ المَرْأَةِ كَما وَرَدَتْ في التَّنْزيلِ، وَتَنْظيمُها وَفْقًا لِجُذورِها.
وَلِلتَّشْديدِ عَلى تَجْلِيَةِ هذا المَنْهِجِ في مُزاوَلَتي العَمَلَ في هذا المُعْجَمِ أَضْرِبُ مِثالاً آخَرَ لِأُقيمَ بِهِ بَوْنًا بَيْنَ التَّرْتيبِ المَرْغوبِ فيهِ، وَهُوَ التَّرْتيبُ وَفْقًا لِلأَلفاظِ، وَالتَّرْتيبِ المَرْغوبِ عَنْهُ، وَهُوَ التَّرْتيبُ وَفْقًا لِلْمَعاني، وَهُو جَذرُ "زني"، وَالصِّفَةُ المَقْرونَةُ بِالمَرْأَةِ: "الزّانِيَةُ"، فقَدْ وَرَدا في التَّنْزيلِ العَزيزِ بِأَلْفاظٍ أُخْرى، وَمِنْ ذلِكَ "الفاحِشَةُ"، وَ"رَمْيُ النِّساءِ"، وَلكِنَّني ضَرَبْتُ صَفْحًا عَنْ إِثْباتِ ذلِكَ تَحْتَ مادّةِ "زني"، أَوِ المَدْخَلِ المُعْجَمِيِّ الذي يَقَعُ تَحْتَها، وَهُوَ "المَرْأةُ الزّانِيةُ"؛ إِذْ إِنَّ هذا مِمّا يَخْرُجُ عَنْ مِضْمارِ هذِهِ المُباحَثَةِ المُرْتَضى لَها العُنوانُ "المَرْأَةُ الزّانِيَةُ"؛ فَهِيَ مُرْتَدَّةٌ إِلى الجَذْرِ "زني"، وَالأَوْصافُ الأُخْرى مَبْثوثَةٌ في ثِنْيِ جُذورِها التي إِلَيْها تَنْتَسِبُ، كَمادّةِ "فحش – المَرْأةُ الآتِيَةُ بِالفاحِشَةِ"، وَمادّةِ "رمي"، وَمادّةِ "ولد" – المَرْأةُ الوالِدَةُ، وَمادَّةِ "وضع"، وَتَحْتَها "المَرْأَةُ الواضِعُ"، وَلا يَخْفى أَنَّ ذَيْنِكَ الوَصْفَيْنِ؛ أَعْني "المَرْأَةَ الوالِدَةَ"، وَ"المَرْأَةَ الواضِعَ" كانا سَيَكونانِ مَعًا لَوْ كانَ الأَمْرُ قائِمًا عَلى تَرْتيبِ المَعاني، بَلِ الأَمْرُ بِالضِّدِّ في هذِهِ المُزاوَلَةِ، وَذلِكَ المَنْهَجِ المُتَرَسَّمِ في تَصْنيفِ هذا المُعْجَمِ، فَكُلُّ وَصْفٍ مِنْهُما يَقَعُ مَوْقِعًا لا يَقَعُ فيهِ الآخَرُ:
- فَهذا يُوضَعُ تَحْتَ مادَّةِ "ولد"، وَذاكَ يُوضَعُ تَحْتَ مادَّةِ "وضع".
- وَهذا لَهُ مَدْخَلٌ مُعْجَمِيٌّ، وَوَصْفٌ قائِمٌ بِرَأْسِهِ: "المَرْأَةُ الوالِدَةُ".
- وَذاكَ لَهُ مَدْخَلٌ مُعْجَمِيٌّ مُغايِرٌ، وَوَصْفٌ قائِمٌ بِرَأْسِهِ مِنْ وُجْهَةٍ لَفْظِيّةٍ فَقَطْ: "المَرْأَةُ الواضِعُ"
Tag Ranking Multi-agent Semantic Social Networks
No full textSocial Media has become one of the most popular platforms to allow users to communicate, and share their interests without being at the same geographical location. With the rapid growth of Social Media sites such as Facebook, LinkedIn, and Twitter, etc. There is vast amount of user- generated content. Thus, the improvement in the information quality has become a great Challenge to all social media sites, which allows users to
get the desired Content or be linked to the best link relation using improved search / link technique. So introducing semantics to media networks will widen up the representation of the social media networks. Semantic Social Networks representation of social links will be extended by the semantic relationships found in the vocabularies which are known as (tags) in most of social media networks.
This paper proposes a new model of semantic social media networks from the perspective of multi-agent systems. The multi-agent system is composed of two main functionalities: semantic indexing and tag ranking
Assessing the business needs and readiness of Palestinian municipalities to adapt GIS to promote public services
No full textThis paper uses a case study approach to explore the extent to which the municipalities in Palestinian cities are ready to adopt GIS in their business procedures to improve service delivery and planning activities. For this purpose the business needs and data requirements of Bidya municipality which represent Palestine case were researched by adapting Tomlinson’s approach for planning GIS. The research provide a list of Information Products (IPs) which are cases of how GIS will benefit the municipality and support the various work processes, whereas these (IPs) were used to extract a Master Input Data List (MIDL) and a database schema which reflect the actual and comprehensive data requirements to operate the needed GIS. The research concluded that in general most Palestinian municipalities do have other priorities which are considered prerequisites for adopting the GIS and getting the maximum benefits out of it, such as; land registration, addressing system and activating the property tax collection system
Computational and biochemical characterization of two partially overlapping interfaces and multiple weak-affinity K-Ras dimer
No full textRecent studies found that membrane-bound K-Ras dimers are important for biological function. However, the structure and thermodynamic stability of these complexes remained unknown because they are hard to probe by conventional approaches. Combining data from a wide range of computational and experimental approaches, here we describe the structure, dynamics, energetics and mechanism of assembly of multiple K-Ras dimers. Utilizing a range of techniques for the detection of reactive surfaces, protein-protein docking and molecular simulations, we found that two largely polar and partially overlapping surfaces underlie the formation of multiple K-Ras dimers. For validation we used mutagenesis, electron microscopy and biochemical assays under non-denaturing conditions. We show that partial disruption of a predicted interface through charge reversal mutation of apposed residues reduces oligomerization while introduction of cysteines at these positions enhanced dimerization likely through the formation of an intermolecular disulfide bond. Free energy calculations indicated that K-Ras dimerization involves direct but weak protein-protein interactions in solution, consistent with the notion that dimerization is facilitated by membrane binding. Taken together, our atomically detailed analyses provide unique mechanistic insights into K-Ras dimer formation and membrane organization as well as the conformational fluctuations and equilibrium thermodynamics underlying these processes.This work was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health General Medical Sciences (NIGMS grant No. R01GM100078 to AAG), the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (CPRIT grant No. DP150093 to AAG and RP130059 to JFH) and NIH Pathway to Independence Award (grant No. K99-CA188593 to KJC). We thank the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) and the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE; Project: MCB150054) for computational resources. Note: A.S.A. is on leave from the Department of Physics, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Palestine
Re-integration of women survivors of gender-based violence: combating violence against women in Palestinian society
No full textThis study is part of the activities implemented by Italian Development Cooperation Agency Program: “Women’s Empowerment and Local Development 3” (WELOD3).In recent times, feminists, women’s organizations, governments, and international donors and organizations have focused attention on addressing gender-based violence (GBV) and means to protect women from violence. The re-integration of women survivors of violence was not given serious consideration by these organizations until the late 1990s, but re-integration is now a new field addressed academically and practically in Palestinian society. This is the first study of its kind on the re-integration of women survivors of violence in the Palestinian context. The aim of this study is to define the concept of re-integration and its strategic implementation from the perspective of women survivors in Palestinian society. It focuses on experiences and stories of re-integration, alongside the perceptions of service providers engaged in combating violence. The study starts by explaining that violence is a global phenomenon that assumes political, social and economic forms, intersecting with other existing power relations in society such as class, nationalism, ethnicity (as a social structure), and gender. Consequently, the causes of violence and its manifestations can vary from one economic, political, and social context to another. GBV lies within a broader and more comprehensive context in society. Women experience GBV in different forms and at different levels according to the social, economic, political and cultural contexts within existing power structures and relationships. Accordingly, the phenomenon of GBV can only be tackled once the causes that produce violence are taken into consideration through an analysis of programs and policies designed to combat GBV. The issue of how to re-integrate victims of dangerous cases of violence in the context of their local communities, particularly those who sought refuge in shelters must be addressed.The Italian Development Cooperation Agenc
Intelligent data extraction system using regular expressions
No full textData is everywhere, but to extract specific information from huge data could be an exhausting process. However, there are many concepts introduced in computer science can be used to make this problem simpler, such as regular expressions. But, generating a regular expression capable of extracting a predefined string from a text is not an everyday task. In this research, Regular Expression are generated using Genetic Programming. The validity and correctness of a regular expression is decided by making it extract a set of positive examples and ignore another set of negative examples. We validate this method with three datasets related to IPv4 address extraction, article title extraction, and HTML Header extraction. The resulting regular expressions achieved very good accuracy of extraction for the given tasks
End to end performance monitoring approach
No full textPerformance monitoring is one of the most important aspects to ensure that software systems operate well. Performance administrators struggle to precisely monitor huge and complex systems with software and hardware components. Achieving this task in a simple and precise way is the goal of this research. To achieve this goal, we need to jump over internal system complexity, and must automate an intensive monitoring process. A simple and accurate approach was developed to monitor systems, all hardware and software components are managed as one abstract box, and then front-end services can be monitored by terms from end to end. The implemented case studies show and confirm that we can emulate manual performance monitoring by simulating the role of real subscriber exactly without any systematic restriction, hence complex algorithms, processes for status prediction and faults diagnosis aren’t farther needed in live system monitoring
أثر اللهجة المنطوقة في اللغة العربية المكتوبة، اللهجة الفلسطينية مثالا
No full textيتجلى أثر اللهجة الفلسطينية المنطوقة في اللغة العربية المكتوبة في المشهد اللغوي العام، وقد شملت هذه الدراسة لغة الإعلانات التجارية المحلية، لأنها جزء من لغة الإعلام المعاصر و ليس من الصحيح استبعادها من عينة الدراسة، و من أهم الأهداف التي ابتغيناها من هذه الدراسة هو رصد الأثر الكبير للهجة الدارجة في اللغة العربية المكتوبة، مما يؤدي إلى تغير قواعد الكتابة العربية الإصطلاحية، مستقبلا، بدلا من إستقراره