Toulouse 1 Capitole Publications
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Le refus de voter la vente du seul bien d'une SCI en difficulté non constitutif d'un abus de minorité (note s/s Cass. com., 9 juin 2021, n° 19-17.161)
No full textLe refus d'un minoritaire de voter la vente du seul bien immobilier d'une SCI n'ayant plus la trésorerie nécessaire pour faire face à ses charges ne suffit pas à caractériser un abus de minorité. Il faut encore établir que ce refus avait pour unique objet de favoriser les propres intérêts du minoritaire au détriment des autres associé
Illustration d’un refus d’abus de minorité : l’opposition à la vente d’un bien d’une société en difficulté (Cass. Com., 9 juin 2021, n° 19-17.161)
No full textManagers’Productivity and Recruitment in the Public Sector: The Case of School Principals
No full textGovernments face many constraints in attracting talented managers to the public sector, where high-powered incentives are often absent. In this paper, we study how a civil service reform in Chile changed the effectiveness of a vital group of public sector managers, school principals. We measure principals’ e˙ectiveness using an extension of the canonical teacher value-added model and we evaluate the effect of the reform using a dfference-in-differences approach. We find that public schools appoint more effective managers after increasing the competitiveness and transparency of their se-lection process. Our result shows that better recruitment policies can enhance service provision in the public sector, despite rigid wage schemes
Landmines: the Local Effects of Demining
No full textAnti-personnel landmines are one of the main causes of civilian victimization in conflict-affected areas and a significant obstacle for post-war reconstruction. Demining campaigns are therefore a promising policy instrument to promote long-term development. We argue that the economic and social effects of demining are not unambiguously positive. Demining may have unintended negative consequences if it takes place while conflicts are ongoing, or if they do not lead to full clearance. Using highly disaggregated data on demining operations in Colombia from 2004 to 2019, and exploiting the staggered fashion of demining activity, we find that post-conflict humanitarian demining increases economic activity and students’ performance in test scores, especially in areas with better market access. In contrast, economic activity does not react to post-conflict demining events carried out during military operations, and it decreases if demining takes place while the conflict is ongoing. Rather, demining events that result from military operations are more likely to exacerbate extractive activities and promote deforestation
On the foundations of ex post incentive compatible mechanisms
No full textIn private-value auction environments, Chung and Ely (2007) establish maxmin and Bayesian foundations for dominant-strategy mechanisms. We first show that similar foundation results for ex post mechanisms hold true even with interdependent values if the interdependence is only cardinal. This includes, for example, the one-dimensional environments of Dasgupta and Maskin (2000) and Bergemann and Morris (2009b). Conversely, if the environment exhibits ordinal interdependence, which is typically the case with multi-dimensional environments (e.g., a player’s private informatio
Recycling under environmental, climate and resource constraints
No full textThis paper investigates the recycling opportunities of an industrial sector constrained by resource, climate, and waste capacities. To do this, we model the full lifecycle of a good to consider the waste and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions coming from both its production — from virgin or recycled materials — and consumption. We identify the optimal trajectories of resources use, mainly depending on the relative scarcity of the resources and on their emissions. Although recycling is usually, and correctly, noted as an opportunity to reduce the impact of consumption on primary resources and waste, we also consider the possible negative environmental consequences of recycling and we discuss the resulting arbitrations. We characterize the optimal recycling strategy and we show that, in some cases, the recycling rate through time is an inverted U-shape, and there can be a catch-up phase of consumption at the end of the social planner program. Finally, we discuss the policy implications of our model by identifying and analyzing the set of optimal tax-subsidy schemes, and we highlight the existence of standard environmental externalities as well as a positive externality linked to the absence of a market for waste
The evolution of mechanisms to produce phenotypic heterogeneity in microorganisms
No full textIn bacteria and other microorganisms, the cells within a population often show extreme phenotypic variation. Different species use different mechanisms to determine how distinct phenotypes are allocated between individuals, including coordinated, random, and genetic determination. However, it is not clear if this diversity in mechanisms is adaptive—arising because different mechanisms are favoured in different environments—or is merely the result of non-adaptive artifacts of evolution. We use theoretical models to analyse the relative advantages of the two dominant mechanisms to divide labour between reproductives and helpers in microorganisms. We show that coordinated specialisation is more likely to evolve over random specialisation in well-mixed groups when: (i) social groups are small; (ii) helping is more “essential”; and (iii) there is a low metabolic cost to coordination. We find analogous results when we allow for spatial structure with a more detailed model of cellular filaments. More generally, this work shows how diversity in the mechanisms to produce phenotypic heterogeneity could have arisen as adaptations to different environments
Commentaire de l’article 23 de la loi de finances pour 2022 instituant une faculté temporaire d’amortissement fiscal des fonds commerciaux
No full textCommentaire de l’article 23 de la loi de finance pour 2022 posant en principe la non déduction des amortissements de fonds commerciaux, mais instituant une faculté temporaire d’amortissement pour les fonds acquis entre 2022 et 2025
L'infléchissement du principe d'interdiction de cumul de qualifications infractionnelles pour les mêmes faits
No full textLes juristes ne savent que trop bien que le latin ne prend pas toujours sa source à Rome. Aussi faut-il se méfier de ces belles formules lapidaires qui paraissent condenser une règle intemporelle et inaltérable ; malgré leur apparence, ces formules sont parfois terriblement contemporaines, tant par leur nécessité que par leur insuffisance à régler des problèmes nés d'un recours immodéré au droit pénal par le législateur durant ces dernières décennies. S'il semble évident qu'il n'est pas justifié de punir deux fois la même personne pour la même chose, ne/non bis in idem, encore faut-il comprendre la raison et mesurer la portée de cet impératif. En adoptant ce principe comme base de l'interdiction des cumuls de qualifications infractionnelles, en 2016(1), la chambre criminelle de la Cour de cassation n'a fait que débuter un travail qui risque d'exiger encore bien des décisions à la motivation enrichie, à l'instar d'un arrêt rendu par sa formation plénière le 15 décembre 2021(2)