Toulouse 1 Capitole Publications
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Favoring your in-group can harm both them and you: Ethnicity and public goods provision in China
No full textDo people discriminate between co-ethnics and others in cooperative interactions? In an experiment in China, we find that participants in trust games send around 15% more to partners they know to be co-ethnics than to those whose ethnicity they do not know. Re- ceivers’ behavior is determined by amounts received and not by perceived ethnicity. In line with previous literature we find that subjects contribute more to public goods in ethnically homogeneous groups than in mixed groups. We find evidence for a new explanation that is not due to different intrinsic preferences for cooperation with ingroup and outgroup members. Instead, subjects’ willingness to punish in-group members for free-riding is re- duced when out-group members are present. This leads to lower contributions and net earnings in mixed groups. Thus favoritism towards co-ethnics can hurt both those engag- ing in favoritism and those being favored
"L’absence de pouvoir du juge des référés pour annuler les délibérations d’une assemblée générale" (Cass. com., 13 janvier 2021, n° 18-25.713 et n° 18-25.730)
No full textL'annulation des délibérations de l'assemblée générale d'une société, qui n'est ni une mesure conservatoire, ni une mesure de remise en état, n'entre pas dans les pouvoirs du juge des référés, qui peut seulement en suspendre les effets
Renonciation et dispense de comparution à l'audience: décret n° 2020-1452 du 27 novembre 2020
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High prevalence of sternal foramina in indigenous Bolivians compared to Midwest Americans and indigenous North Americans (sternal foramina in indigenous Bolivians)
No full textThe sternal foramen, usually an asymptomatic osteological defect, can lead to catastrophic consequences if not recognized prior to certain medical procedures. This study reports the prevalence of a sternal foramen in two South Amerindian populations compared with other published populations. We evaluated the presence of sternal foramina using thoracic computed tomography scans of 1334 (48% female) participants from two indigenous populations of Bolivia (n = 900 Tsimane, 434 Moseten). The prevalence of sternal foramina was compared to two U.S. populations of similar sex/age distribution (n = 572 Midwest Americans, 131 self-identified Native North Americans) via similar CT scans. A sternal foramen was significantly more common in the two Bolivian populations (prevalence ranging from 12.8 to 13.4%), compared to 4.4-5.1% in the two U.S. groups, consistent with prior estimates in studies from industrialized populations. Males had higher frequency of a sternal foramen compared to females in each of the four groups (OR = 1.904, 95% CI: 1.418-2.568, p < 0.001). Age was not associated with sternal foramen presence. These data show both a higher rate of sternal foramina in the South Amerindian populations versus comparator populations in North America and the highest rate of any studied living population. Although it is not possible to determine from our data the relative contribution of genetics versus early life or environmental causes to the higher rates of sternal foramen, we note that small prior studies have likewise demonstrated a higher prevalence in lower income countries. Further determination of the contributing factors warrants greater investigation and research
Keeping the agents in the dark : private disclosures in competing mechanisms
No full textWe study games in which several principals contract with several privately-informed agents. We show that enabling the principals to engage in contractible private disclosures – by sending private signals to the agents about how the mechanisms will respond to the agents’ messages – can significantly affect the predictions of such games. Our first result shows that private disclosures may generate equilibrium outcomes that cannot be supported in any game without private disclosures, no matter the richness of the message spaces and the availability of public randomizing devices. The result thus challenges the canonicity of the universal mechanisms of Epstein and Peters (1999).
Our second result shows that equilibrium outcomes of games without private disclosures need not be sustainable when private disclosures are allowed. The result thus challenges the robustness of the “folk theorems” of Yamashita (2010) and Peters and Troncoso-Valverde (2013). These findings call for a novel approach to the analysis of competing-mechanism games
L’accusation médiatique : libération de la parole et exigences du procès équitable
No full textChamfort écrivait, parmi ses célèbres maximes, que « l’opinion publique est une juridiction que l’honnête homme ne doit jamais reconnaître parfaitement, et qu’il ne doit jamais décliner ». Le juge étant un honnête homme et le procès équitable étant un procédé honnête, la Justice ne saurait, semble-t-il, être totalement indifférente à tout ce qui procède de l’opinion publique, notamment les « accusations médiatiques »
