Toulouse 1 Capitole Publications
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Political competition and state capacity: evidence from a land allocation program in Mexico
No full textWe develop a model of the politics of state capacity building undertaken by incum-bent parties that have a comparative advantage in clientelism rather than in public goods provision. The model predicts that, when challenged by opponents, clientelistic incumbents have the incentive to prevent investments in state capacity. We provide empirical support for the model’s implications by studying policy decisions by the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) that affected local state capacity across Mex-ican municipalities and over time. Our difference-in-differences and instrumental variable identification strategies exploit a national shock that threatened the Mexican government’s hegemony in the early 1960s. The intensity of this shock, which varied across municipalities, was partly explained by severe droughts that occurred during the 1950s
Le plan d’action sur l’accompagnement des entreprises en sortie de crise, la mise en place de structures dédiées et la fusion des outils de détection (Plan d’action de sortie de crise 1er juin 2021 ; Circulaire interministérielle du 6 juin 2021 (BOFIP-GCP-21-00369 du 19/08/2021)
No full textThe Dasgupta Review and the problem of anthropocentrism
No full textAs is customary in economics, the Dasgupta Review on the economics of biodiversity adopts an anthropocentric approach: that is, among the millions of species on Earth, the Review accords a moral value to only one species; ours. Building on the literature in ethics, I explain why it is morally problematic to assume that other species – at least, sentient animals – only have an instrumental value for humans. The Review defends its approach, but I advance counter arguments. I highlight that preserving the diversity of life in ecosystems is not the same as taking care of the wellbeing of sentient species living in those ecosystems. Some biodiversity policies, such as protecting the blue whale or reducing meat consumption, largely satisfy both nthropocentric and non‐anthropocentric objectives. Other policies, such as the reintroduction of wolves or the eradication of invasive species, induce conflicts between these objectives. I finally discuss why the anthropocentric view remains prevalent in the research on biodiversity and present some potential non‐anthropocentric research direction
Le régime du personnel des services publics industriels et commerciaux, expression d'un droit public du travail
No full textUne solution traditionnelle du droit français est que les agents des services publics industriels et commerciaux sont des « salariés » relevant du droit du travail. Cette étude veut montrer que si ce droit est bien dominant, le régime de ces agents emprunte pour une part au droit public compte-tenu à la fois de facteurs politiques et de la persistance de missions de service public. En cela, le régime du personnel des services publics industriels et commerciaux est bien l’expression d’un « droit public du travail »
The broadband diffusion process and its determinants in Algeria: A simultaneous estimation
No full textDigital transformation engendered by ICT advances, most notably broadband, pertains to many sectors that are known to drive economic development. This paper seeks to highlight market structure, institutional, and socio-economic factors that influence broadband adoption in Algeria. We apply to a novel 2003-2019 database a procedure that simultaneously, instead of sequentially as typically done, selects the best among the Bass, Gompertz, and Logistic
innovation diffusion models estimated with Nonlinear Least Squares and searches for significant determinants of broadband adoption. We find that the data fits reasonably well the Gompertz and Logistic distributions with the latter outperforming the former not only from a statistical standpoint but also and more importantly for it captures Algeria's significant delay in the diffusion of broadband due to the social turmoil of the 1990 years’ decade. We identify
some policy levers for fostering ICT applications. We find that the degree of concentration has a U-shaped impact on broadband adoption and that institutional quality, mobile broadband introduction, and tertiary education enrollment have a positive impact. These findings suggest that broadband adoption in Algeria can be expected to gain from encouraging entry with
differentiated broadband services through higher-generation access technologies, improving regulatory governance, and enhancing digital literacy through higher education
Introduction au droit pénal des affaires : la criminalité d'affaires.
No full textCette introduction présente le droit pénal des affaires ( formation, évolution, particularismes ) et les principales caractéristiques de la criminalité d'affaires et ses transformations
Subgradient sampling for nonsmooth nonconvex minimization
No full textRisk minimization for nonsmooth nonconvex problems naturally leads to firstorder sampling or, by an abuse of terminology, to stochastic subgradient descent. We establish the convergence of this method in the path-differentiable case, and describe more precise results under additional geometric assumptions. We recover and improve results from Ermoliev-Norkin [27] by using a different approach: conservative calculus and the ODE method. In the definable case, we show that first-order subgradient sampling avoids artificial critical point with probability one and applies moreover to a large range of risk minimization problems in deep learning, based on the backpropagation oracle. As byproducts of our approach, we obtain several results on integration of independent interest, such as an interchange result for conservative derivatives and integrals, or the definability of set-valued parameterized integrals
La victime peut directement exercer l'action directe
No full textCommentaire de Cass. 2e civ., 16 déc. 202
The complex link between filter bubbles and opinion polarization
No full textThere is public and scholarly debate about the effects of personalized recommender systems implemented in online social networks, online markets, and search engines. Some have warned that personalization algorithms reduce the diversity of information diets which confirms users’ previously held attitudes and beliefs. This, in turn, fosters the emergence opinion polarization. Critics of this personalization-polarization hypothesis argue that the effects of personalization on information diets are too weak to have meaningful effects. Here, we show that contributions to both sides of the debate fail to consider the complexity that arises when large numbers of interdependent individuals interact and exert influence on one another in algorithmically governed communication systems. Summarizing insights derived from formal models of social networks, we demonstrate that opinion dynamics can be critically influenced by mechanisms active on three levels of analysis: the individual, local, and global level. We show that theoretical and empirical research on these three levels is needed before one can determine whether personalization actually fosters polarization or not. We describe how the complexity approach can be used to anticipate and prevent undesired effects of communication technology on public debate and democratic decision-making
