Toulouse 1 Capitole Publications
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    Landmines: the Local Effects of Demining

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    Anti-personnel landmines are one of the main causes of civilian victimization in conflict-affected areas and a significant obstacle for post-war reconstruction. Demining campaigns are therefore a promising policy instrument to promote long-term development. We argue that the economic and social effects of demining are not unambiguously positive. Demining may have unintended negative consequences if it takes place while conflicts are ongoing, or if they do not lead to full clearance. Using highly disaggregated data on demining operations in Colombia from 2004 to 2019, and exploiting the staggered fashion of demining activity, we find that post-conflict humanitarian demining increases economic activity and students’ performance in test scores, especially in areas with better market access. In contrast, economic activity does not react to post-conflict demining events carried out during military operations, and it decreases if demining takes place while the conflict is ongoing. Rather, demining events that result from military operations are more likely to exacerbate extractive activities and promote deforestation

    Executive Accountability Beyond Outcomes: Experimental Evidence on Public Evaluations of Powerful Prime Ministers

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    Although executives in many democracies have constitutional powers to circumvent the majoritarian legislative process to make policy, political scientists know relatively little about whether and when ordinary people hold executives accountable for the process they use. To study this issue beyond the American presidency, we conduct a series of large survey experiments in France, where the institution of the confidence procedure puts the government in a strong position relative to parliament. Our experiments highlight that public evaluations of the executive reflect a fundamental trade‐off between policy and process. If they face significant opposition in the legislative process, executives either have to accept policy failure or risk punishment for the use of procedural force. People dislike both results, and the average popularity gain of using the confidence procedure over not delivering the policy is modest. Moreover, in some contexts, executives are strictly better off not legislating rather than applying force

    Measuring Judicial Sentiment: Methods and Application to US Circuit Courts

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    This paper provides a general method for analysing the sentiments expressed in the language of judicial rulings. We apply natural language processing tools to the text of US appellate court opinions to extrapolate judges’ sentiments (positive/good vs. negative/bad) towards a number of target social groups. We explore descriptively how these sentiments vary over time and across types of judges. In addition, we provide a method for using random assignment of judges in an instrumental variables framework to estimate causal effects of judges’ sentiments. In an empirical application, we show that more positive sentiment influences future judges by increasing the likelihood of reversal but also increasing the number of forward citations

    Radicalization of Islam or Peddling Radicalism? Lessons from the French Experience

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    A simple game-theoretic model is used to end the sterile intellectual trench war between those who analyze each instance of a community’s radicalization process as a self-contained phenomenon and those who prefer to embed such episodes within a more encompassing social framework. In the model, two groups labeled “Islamic” and “Nativists” are competing using radicalization as a tool to enlarge their share of the limelight in the media. Exogenous shocks are then shown to entail both idiosyncratic responses and interactions between the two groups. The French “radicalized decade” 2011-2020, which witnessed both the Bataclan highly lethal Jihadist attack in 2015 and the populist gilets jaunes massive uprising from 2018 to the COVID-related lockdown in 2020, among other radicalization events, is used to put some of the model’s insight to work. A simple extension of the model is used to shed some light on the emerging Islamo-Leftist and Lefto-Populist tacit collusions, which suggest that the radical left is somehow breaking apart, thus probably boosting in fact the collective radicalization process

    L’ingratitude : un complément incomplet

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    L’indignité successorale est une déchéance de la faculté de succéder contre le successible qui s'est rendu coupable d'une faute très grave à l'égard du défunt. Ce dispositif ne suffit pas à garantir le respect d’une certaine morale familiale, notamment parce qu’il ne s’applique qu’aux droits que les successibles tirent de la loi. Il est donc complété par le mécanisme de la révocation pour ingratitude applicable aux libéralités, lequel est enserrée dans ses propres limites. La principale tient à son objet : seules les libéralités peuvent être révoquées. Dès lors, la révocation n’est pas applicable à certains transferts qui ressemblent à des libéralités sans pouvoir être qualifiés comme tels, comme par exemple les avantages matrimoniaux et les clauses de tontine. L’ingratitude étant un « complément incomplet », peut-être convient-il de redéfinir les notions, voire de proposer une théorie générale de l’indignité applicable en matière successorale et libérale, mais aussi matrimoniale et plus largement patrimoniale

    Les relations des archevêques d'Albi avec le consulat de la cité épiscopale (1678-1789).

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    Fruit de recherches au sein des archives locales, cette conférence s'intéresse aux relations entre les archevêques et les consuls d'Albi, tout spécialement en matière d'élections au gré des réformes du dernier siècle de l'Ancien Régime

    Les plateformes d’avis de salariés, nouvel instrument d’analyse de la perception de la RSE ?

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    Les salariés constituent une partie prenante particulière de l’organisation, à la fois actrice et bénéficiaire de la RSE. Pour autant, son étude scientifique est assez récente et dynamisée par le courant des microfondations. La question de l’analyse de la RSE perçue par les salariés est alors fondamentale et concerne de nombreuses publications largement fondées sur des questionnaires de perception souhaitant mesurer cette interprétation. Or, une nouvelle source de données publiques sur les discours de salariés est disponible depuis quelques années : les plateformes d’avis de salariés. Cette communication présentera une analyse de ces informations dans la perspective d’une compréhension de la RSE perçue par des salariés. Pour cela, un corpus d’environ 7500 avis de salariés d’une entreprise française de la grande distribution a été constitué et analysé. Les résultats montrent les limites de cette source mais aussi l’intérêt des données obtenues par rapport aux questionnaires utilisés habituellement. Des pistes de recherche sont proposées pour compléter cette première recherche exploratoire

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