Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties - Publications
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Preliminary Report Pilot Survey for the Conservation of Traditional Masonry Houses in Bhutan
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Eradication of Beetles Damaging Wooden Structures by Humidity-Controlled Warm-Air Treatment (1): Performance of Temperature and Humidity Control
Get PDFHumidity-controlled warm-air treatment for the eradication of wood boring insects was applied to a Shinto-shrine type wooden building in Nikko, Japan, in the period from July to September 2022. The performance of the developed treatment device and control program was evaluated. The building was covered with air-tight and thermal isolation walls and a roof consisting of double-layered polystyrene boards sandwiched by 12 ㎜ thick plywood and PVC film. Four treatment units consisting of a fan, a heater, and a steam sprayer were installed in the covering house, from which the humidity-controlled warm air was generated and circulated. Another duct conveying the cooling and dehumidifying air was attached in front of the fun. The volume of the treatment space was about 700 ㎥ . According to the measurement of the moisture content of the wooden building, it was clarified that the target moisture content to be kept constant in the treatment should be 17%. In order to keep the equilibrium moisture content of 17%, the temperature and relative humidity of 27℃ and 83% at the start of the treatment was increased gradually up to 60℃ and 89% in the period of four days, then kept constant at these values for about two days, and finally decreased down to the initial values for four days. The temperature and relative humidity in the insulation house were correctly controlled, so that the difference between the scheduled temperature and relative humidity and the actual measured ones was small. The consumed electric power and the noise level in and outside of the house were also measured and found to be under acceptable limit values.journal articl
The 16th Public Lecture of the Department of Intangible Cultural Heritage, Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties Report of “The Intangible Cultural Properties and Visual Documentation”
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Inspection of the Aging of the Dinosaur Footprints Found in the Oyama District, Toyama City
Get PDFPast degradation of the footprint fossils of dinosaurs in the Oyama district in Toyama Cityis discussed by constructing and comparing the past 3D shapes of the fossils. The 3D shapesof the fossils that appeared in different times in the past were estimated based on the replicasmade by taking a mold in the past and the old photographs taken from various directions indifferent occasions in the past. The change in the degradation rate in the past was argued bycomparing the established 3D shapes in the past. As a result, it was established in the presentstudy that soon after the original outcrop was found by a road construction, a sauropodfootprint located in this outcrop started to degrade, but that the rate is getting smaller as timepasses. On the other hand, the degradation of the ornithopod footprint, newly found on theone-step lower outcrop in an additional excavation, seems to be getting larger. This study, anexamination of the tendency of the degradation fluctuation in the past, will contribute to thediscussion of how to conserve such fossils.journal articl
Energy Consumption of Heat Source Equipment and Storage Environment during Winter in a Museum with Intermittent Air Conditioning Operation
Get PDFThe establishment of strategies to both maintain the conservation environment for cultural properties and reduce the energy consumption of air-conditioning equipment in museums is an important issue in the face of increasing social demands for decarbonization. To achieve this objective, it is necessary to collect information on the building envelope of a museum, its energy consumption, its required indoor environment, and its building operational characteristics and to analyze the relationships among them. In this study, the energy consumption of the heat source equipment and the indoor temperature and humidity in a museum were measured during winter when its air conditioning equipment was being operated intermittently. The power consumption of heat source equipment correlates with operating hours. A comparison of outdoor temperatures and the museumʼs power consumption shows that the power consumption of heat source equipment tends to increase in winter, when outdoor temperatures are low, and in May, when outdoor temperatures start to rise. It was also observed that an extremely dry area formed around the air outlet when the air-conditioning unit started operating in the storage room. Therefore, a method was investigated to reduce the fluctuations in relative humidity in the storage room without increasing power consumption from the current level.journal articl
Analytical Investigation of the Joint Materials Sampled from Takanawa Chikutei Site
Get PDFAfter a part of stone walls was discovered during the construction of Takanawa Gateway station in 2019, the Takanawa Chikutei (embankment) was unearthed by the excavation in 2020. When the first Japanese railway was constructed at the beginning of the Meiji era, most of the materials necessary for the construction were imported from England, but stones and sediment for the foundation of bridges and embankments are considered to have been supplied within Japan. To understand the history of Japanese construction work, it is interesting to compare the composition of the joint material used at Takanawa Chikutei with that of joint materials made with conventional technology, and with artificial stones developed later in the Meiji era. In order to obtain indirect evidence of the use of slaked lime mixture and to calculate its composition ratio, the joint materials sampled from Takanawa Chikutei were analyzed by X-ray diffraction analysis and X-ray fluorescence analysis. As a result of the X-ray diffraction analysis, calcite was identified in 9 of 14 samples, providing the indirect evidence of the use of slaked lime mixture in the joint materials at Takanawa Chikutei. The composition ratio obtained by X-ray fluorescence analysis indicates that the content ratio of slaked lime in the joint materials at Takanawa Chikutei might be higher than that of artificial stones developed later in the Meiji era.journal articl
Coloring Materials Used for the Arhat (rakan) Painting at Komyoji, Tokyo
Get PDFIn a previous study, an optical investigation of the arhat painting (rakan-zu) owned by Komyoji in Tokyo revealed that the painting had been repaired several times and suggested that the coloring materials used for the supplemental silk portions were different from those used for the original silk portions on the left wing of the Jivamjivaka (gumyo-cho) of the painting. In the present study, with the main objective of clarifying the differences between the coloring materials used for the supplemental and original silk portions, an analytical investigation was conducted at Komyoji by using visible and near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy withahyperspectral camera and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF). As a result, on the left wing of the Jivamjivaka, the coloring materials used in the original silk sections are assessed to have been painted with the blue pigment gunjo (made of azurite) and the green pigment rokusho (made of malachite), both of which have been used for a long time in Japan and China. On the other hand, the coloring materials used in the supplemental silk parts are possibly new coloring materials that became available during the modern period, judging from the color and chemical composition of the particles. In addition, the reddish-blue pigment used to paint the hair of Shakra Devanam Indra (Taishakuten), which is not present on the supplemental silk parts, suggests that it is a new coloring material introduced in the modern period. Other coloring materials used in the painting are confirmed to be cinnabar/vermilion, lead red, and lead white, all of which have been used in Japan and China since the ancient times.journal articl
Effect of Contact of Water Droplets on Lacquer Coating Film in Early Dry-Hard
Get PDFIt has been known empirically that when water droplets, such as those derived of dew condensation or rain, contact on a lacquer coating film in early dry-hard, contact marks indelible with wet cleaning remain. In the present study, the effect of contact of water droplets on a lacquer coating film in early dry-hard was examined through digital microscope observation and gloss measurement. Black lacquer (for the topcoat) and raw lacquer (for the foundation) are prepared for the sample. When water droplets contacted on the lacquer coating films in the early dry-hard (~3 days), precipitation of polysaccharides and formation of contact marks occurred, and after about 7 days, contact marks on the black lacquer coating films became unnoticeable. Since microscopic damage has occurred in the areas of contact marks, it can be said that the speed of deterioration for the lacquer coating films with contact marks is faster than without contact marks. The Association for the Preservation of the Nikko World Heritage Site Shrines and Temples takes measures to prevent dew condensation on lacquer coating films by not removing curing sheets for about a month after finishing lacquer coating. When applying lacquer to an outdoor building, it can be expected that the beauty of lacquer coating film is maintained for a long time by taking measures similar to the one described above.journal articl
Dance, Soul! ― How to Enjoy the Furyu-odori Dance ―
Get PDF本報告書は2023 年６月24 日（土）に東京国立博物館 平成館大講堂で行なったシンポジウム「踊れ、魂よ！―風流踊の楽しみ方―」の記録である。boo
From Dome to Palace: Discussion on the Morphological Transition of the Caves in the Yungang Grottoes and Related Issues
Get PDFThe structure of the yurts used by the Xianbei people in their nomadic life can be seen from the tent components carried by the pottery camels discovered in the Northern dynasties’ tombs in Taiyuan, Shanxi, Ci County, Hebei, and Luoyang, Henan. The full picture of the dome-shaped yurts can be observed in the pottery tent models unearthed from the Northern Wei tombs at the Yanbei Normal University in Datong City, as well as the murals of Poduoluo’s parents’ tomb of the first year of the Taiyan Era (435 CE) in Shaling Village, Datong City. Further studies showed that the horseshoe-shaped plane and dome roof of the Five Caves of Tanyao in the Yungang Grottoes could not be found in other grottoes built earlier than the Yungang in ancient India, Xinjiang, and the Hexi Corridor area. Thus, the Five Caves of Tanyao display a new schema created by Yungang’s constructors, seeking to enshrine the Buddha statues representing the emperors in the traditional dome-shaped nomadic residence of the Xianbei people.journal articl