Tokyo National Research Institute for Cultural Properties - Publications
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無形のわざを書き記す─浅田譜における「作譜」（１）─
Get PDFMusic notations transcribed by ASADA Masayuki (1900-1979), known as Asada-fu, are widely known as a source for describing the melodies of voice (jōruri or uta) and the three-stringed lute shamisen accompaniment in shamisen music. This article explores what was chosen to be documented in Asada-fu, and the author's emphasis when creating notations (sakufu), and discusses its material value as a record created through comparative research of a variety of performances. Examination of the kiyomoto-bushi notations has revealed (A) the fact that existing manuscripts, which were made available to the public this fiscal year, best represent the reality of the creation of notations in later years, (B) the degree of difference in the content of each piece before and after revision, and (C) the diversity of revisions reflecting not only error corrections, but also differences in each performer’s voice techniques and the author’s documentation policy.departmental bulletin pape
ニッポノホン『紙治』―三代竹本津太夫と六代鶴沢友次郎による演奏記録―
Get PDFThe 78 RPM three-disc record “Kami-Ji” released in 1922 or 1923 is a recording of “Kawasho” performed by TAKEMOTO Tsudayu III (1869-1941), a narrator of gidayu-bushi joruri, and TSURUZAWA Tomojiro VI (1874-1951), a shamisen-player of gidayu-bushi joruri. It is said to be one of their best recordings.
“Kawasho (the Kawasho Teahouse)” is the first scene of “Shinju Ten no Amijima (The Love Suicides at Amijima),” written by CHIKAMATSU Monzaemon and premiered in 1720. In the record, Tsudayu III and Tomojiro VI play about a quarter of the second half of “Kawasho” (about 18 minutes of recording time). The title of the record comes from the main character, Kamiya Jihei.
The current version of “Kawasho” is based on a libretto partially adapted by CHIKAMATSU Hanji in 1778. However, since it is said that Tsudayu III and Tomojiro VI performed “Kawasho” using the original script by CHIKAMATSU Monzaemon in 1917 rather than the adaptation script that was already common at that time, the record is likely a reproduction of their 1917 version.
Today, there is no one to perform the original libretto “Kawasho” anymore. Nor has sufficient research been conducted of the 1917 version. This record is not only excellent in terms of performance content, but it is also valuable as a recorded material.departmental bulletin pape
Tales of Buddhist Saints
Get PDFThe Tales of Buddhist Saints exhibition was held at the Ryukoku Museum, Kyoto from April 23 – June 19, 2022. This exhibition considered the nature of the “Buddhist Saints,” namely Shakyamuni’s ten great disciples and arhats who took up Shakyamuni’s teachings and disseminated them, through a display of historical materials, paintings, sculptures and decorative arts. This exhibition was originally scheduled to open in April 2020, but the Ryukoku Museum was shut to help prevent the spread of Covid-19 immediately before the scheduled opening, and this led to the exhibition being postponed for two years. This article presents an overview of the exhibition and considers its scholarly meaning, while also mentioning how the exhibition process is managed in cases where the exhibition has been canceled or postponed due to the Covid-19 pandemic.The exhibition consisted of five chapters: Chapter 1 ‘The First Buddhist Disciples and Various Lay Followers’, Chapter 2 ‘Disciples who Witnessed Buddha’s Parinirvana’, Chapter 3 ‘Ten Great Disciples of Shakyamuni Buddha’, Chapter 4 ‘The Sixteen Arhats Entrusted with the Buddha’s Teachings’, and Chapter 5 ‘Monks Lives as Seen in Arhat Images’. Chapter 1 discussed the presence of diverse factors in early Buddhism, including the ancient Indian deities who became Buddhists and lay followers. Chapter 2 introduced Shakyamuni’s disciples who were present at his parinirvana via their images seen in Death of the Buddha (Nehanzu) depictions. Chapter 3 introduced the ten disciples of particular note among Shakyamuni’s disciples, explaining how they are worshipped and their individual characteristics and powers. Chapters 4 and 5 discussed the worship of arhats, who were human in form and yet had attained supernatural powers through enlightenment. The many arhat paintings produced in the medieval period give a real sense of how such worship increased and spread. Though it might be said that this exhibition displayed more works related to arhats than those related to the ten great disciples, this ambitious exhibition set out to provide a detailed explanation of the worship of Shakyamuni’s disciples, a subject which has attracted less attention.In 2020 numerous exhibitions were canceled or postponed due to the spread of Covid-19, and the changes to annual planning had a huge impact on art museums and other museums nationwide. This exhibition, which opened two years late in 2022, was not as originally planned, with approximately a quarter of the works different from those initially scheduled for the exhibition. Further, in addition to the catalogue produced in 2020, a new catalogue was produced for the 2022 exhibition which included reproductions of the newly added works, thus reflecting another aspect of the massive efforts and difficulties involved in postponing an exhibition. Conversely, during the period between 2020 and 2022, new works have been discovered and new research conducted, and the 2022 display and catalogue were able to include those materials, thus further deepening the exhibition contents. While the pandemic has impacted the exhibition business in myriad ways, this exhibition is particularly noteworthy as an exhibition which personifies the meaning of overcoming the conditions wrought by postponement, and successfully holding an exhibition.journal articl
Nondestructive Detection of Wood-Boring Insects Using Acoustic Emission: A Case Study of a Wooden Craft Object Infested with Minthea rugicollis
Get PDFIt is difficult to visually find an active infestation of wood-boring insects in museum collections and other related objects. In this study, acoustic emission (AE) monitoring was used to nondestructively detect an infestation of Minthea rugicollis (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in a wooden craft object, a drum bought in Indonesia, which simulated a museum object. The drum was also subjected to X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanning to visualize the distribution of M. rugicollis individuals inside, and the efficacy of AE monitoring for detecting wood-boring insects was discussed. First, the drum was scanned using an X-ray CT scanner. Then, AE measurement was conducted at 22 spots on the surface of the drum using a resonance model AE sensor. After the drum was heat-treated to eradicate the insects, AE measurement was conducted again at five spots. AE events that were estimated to result from the activities of M. rugicollis were detected from the drum before heat treatment. The number of the AE events detected on the surface of the drum was highly correlated with the number of M. rugicollis individuals, which was counted using the CT data, near (e.g. within 40 ㎜ from) the measurement spot. After the heat treatment, no AE events were detected at any of the five measurement spots. The results suggested that, in the measurement conditions employed in this study, the AE sensor could detect the presence of beetles mostly within approximately 30-40 ㎜ from the center of its face. For application of AE monitoring to actual museum objects, further examinations on such issues as the choice of appropriate coupling materials will be necessary.journal articl
Development of a Portable X-ray Diffraction Analyzer and Its Application to Investigation of Coloring Materials of the Takamatsuzuka Wall Paintings
Get PDFAt the conservation and restoration facility of the Takamatsuzuka wall paintings, scientific research on coloring materials has been conducted continuously, concurrently with restoration works. The analytical investigation by X-ray fluorescence analysis and visible reflectance spectroscopy has been providing a variety of information about the coloring materials used in the Takamatsuzuka wall paintings. On the other hand, some materials, for example, those used to represent clothes of female figures, are left unidentified yet. In order to analyze those materials using a method independent of X-ray fluorescence analysis and visible reflectance spectroscopy, we have developed a portable X-ray diffraction analyzer by ourselves. After careful safety inspections and the evaluation of the detector, the investigation of the coloring materials used on the paintings referred to as “the Group of Female Figures on the West Wall of Takamatsuzuka Tumulus” was conducted in 2022. As a result, cinnabar, azurite and malachite were directly identified from red, blue and green coloring materials, respectively, for the first time.journal articl
【シリーズ】無形文化遺産と新型コロナウイルス フォーラム4「伝統芸能と新型コロナウイルス―これからの普及・継承―」報告書
Get PDFoai:tobunken.repo.nii.ac.jp:02000001boo
無形文化遺産の保護に関する第17回政府間委員会の概要と課題
Get PDFThe seventeenth session of the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage was held in Rabat, Morocco, from 28 November to 3 December, 2022. The meeting was held offline after a three-year interval.
During the session, 39 elements of intangible cultural heritage were inscribed on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity (Representative List). The Evaluation Body recommended 14 files to be referred back to the submitting States Parties for revision, but among these files, the Committee inscribed seven elements on the Representative List, including one nomination which did not satisfy three criteria, although the Committee conventionally does not inscribe a file on the List if the file does not satisfy more than two criteria. Apart from the elements inscribed on the List at the seventeenth session, “Culture of Ukrainian borscht cooking” was requested by Ukraine to be examined for possible inscription on the Urgent Safeguarding List. Based on the recommendation by the Evaluation Body, the fifth extraordinary session of the Committee inscribed the element on the Urgent Safeguarding List on 1 July 2022 as a case of extreme urgency. Unlike with the inscription of Joumou Soup on the Representative List in 2021, the Operational Directives which regulate the procedure for inscribing an element as a case of extreme urgency was revised by the ninth General Assembly held in July 2022, and the regulation was applied for the first time to this case.
At this session, “Ducasse of Ath” of Belgium, which was a part of an element named Processional giants and dragons in Belgium and France, was removed from the Representative List. The Secretariat of the Convention had received letters from NGOs and individuals expressing concern that a large figure of the festival called “Sauvage” is depicted with features that degrade black people. The draft decision prepared by the Secretariat called for the utilization of newly adopted provisions for an ‘enhanced follow-up process’ to obtain additional information from the State Party. Many Committee members from developing countries, however, condemned the practice and strongly demanded its immediate removal from the List. Unlike the case of Aalst carnival of Belgium, the community concerned with Ducasse of Ath had been trying to change the aspects of the character but the Committee deprived the opportunity to improve the character of the festival from the community by removing the practice from the Representative List for improvement.
Such a character is certainly inacceptable in the international community, but it is also discriminatory to irrationally bow to the lobbying of developing countries as “friends” for inscription on the Representative List while denying the European community an opportunity for improvement. The atmosphere in the Intergovernmental Committee, created by leading developing countries among the Committee members, is one that discourages opinions, even legitimate ones, to be expressed. Although there is a historical background in which the relationship between discriminating and being discriminated has existed for a long period of time until the present, the author hopes sensible discussions will be held in the future with the aim of eliminating discrimination itself rather than attacking past actions as if to take revenge on them.departmental bulletin pape
無形民俗文化財の災害リスクの可視化と防災─福岡県京都郡苅田町・等覚寺の松会の事例から─
Get PDFThe objective of this study is to assess disaster response and disaster prevention strategies with regard to intangible folk cultural properties by examining the disaster risk of cultural properties and actual responses that have been made. As a disaster-prone country, Japan’ s past experience with large-scale disasters has formed the basis of its cultural property protection system. However, intangible cultural properties have unique characteristics that make it challenging to compare the same types of disaster, as specific damages and impacts vary depending on the area and its victims. Therefore, the standardization of disaster response and prevention measures for intangible cultural properties has not progressed compared to other cultural properties.
I examined the Tokakuji-no-matue in Kanda Town, Miyako County, Fukuoka Prefecture as a case study. The landslide disaster in August 2021 highlighted the disaster response taken in the wake of the event. Heavy rain caused the slopes of Hakusan Taga Shrine in Tokakuji Ward to collapse, burying the “Matsuniwa” where the event used to be held. However, early detection of damage by the Kanda Town Board of Education and active information sharing among all parties concerned, including conservation groups, enabled restoration efforts to begin. This suggests that early detection of damage is effective for intangible folk cultural properties and that understanding the overall damage by assessing the damage to material elements, such as facilities and tools that support intangible folk cultural properties, is crucial. I also examined the potential disaster risk of the Tokakuji-no-matue based on the local hazard map and the event's traditional status. Overlaying the event’ s important bases on the hazard map revealed a high susceptibility to landslides due to the event’ s location in a mountainous village. The largest risk, however, is the difficulty of information sharing and decision making due to the aging population and depopulation in the villages. It is essential to establish a regular information-sharing system and provide a forum where responsible and related parties can gather and discuss events.
To advance measures for intangible folk cultural properties, it is necessary for the parties involved to first consider where to mitigate and where to accept disaster risks. Following that, it is essential to simulate disaster response efforts. The development of such systems will help ensure the preservation of intangible folk cultural properties.departmental bulletin pape
Degradation and Fading of Textiles with Curcumin Under Specific Portions of D65 Sources Using Sharp Cut Filters
Get PDFThe present study examined in detail the initial light-induced fading behavior of curcumin exposure tests under specific wavelength light irradiation extracted with a sharp-cut filter for a shorter period of time and at a weaker illumination, test fabrics were dyed with the dye curcumin, a sample stand was set up in an apparatus equipped with a D65 standard light source, and exposure tests were conducted using three different optical filters. The exposure time was 5 hours, and the absorbance of the test cloth taken out every 30 minutes was measured with a UV-visible spectrophotometer with an integrating sphere. In addition, the center of the sample was colorimetrically measured with a colorimeter. The color difference of the samples was measured before and after exposure, and the color difference ΔE* was calculated from the color difference formula (JIS Z 8730) based on the CIE L*a*b* color system. As a result, it was found that the examination of the dyeʼs absorption energy for light was valid even for human-sensible discoloration and fading.journal articl