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Acceptance of IoT-based E-coin Track-and-trace: A Case of the Digital Euro Project in Italy
Get PDFAs the world becomes increasingly digitalised, there are growing concerns about the use of big data and machine learning techniques to monitor and control citizens’ spending habits. This is particularly the case regarding Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC), which are being trialled by an increasing number of countries. There is a perception that such currencies could violate privacy due to the centralisation of money liability. The aim of this research is to assess whether a universal e-coin level tracking service of money and public expenditures, available to everyone and inspired by Internet of Things (IoT) architectures and standards, could instil trust in institutions while increasing the acceptance of CDBCs. The research methodology comprises three key elements: (i) the conceptualisation and implementation of an IoT-based CBDC, (ii) a qualitative, technical and compliance assessment with regard to the specific reference to the Digital Euro (D€) project, and (iii) a survey we conducted among 351 respondents to ascertain the potential for CBDC acceptance within Italy. The results demonstrate that the prototype is a viable concept despite storage limitations. Furthermore, 73.83 percent of respondents who initially expressed scepticism indicated that they would be more inclined to adopt the CDBC instrument if a universal track-and-trace tool of money were made availabl
Biodiversity Conservation Efforts Among Muslim Countries: Evidence from the Organization of Islamic Cooperation Countries
Get PDFAccording to mainstream literature, Muslim countries often lag behind in terms of environmental sustainability despite their being fully compliant with global environmental regulations. This raises the question of whether this applies to all aspects of environmental conservation. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation efforts in countries that are members of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) and determine whether a consistent growth trend in biodiversity conservation can be identified. The study employs semi-quantitative and policy-science methods, analysing data from Yale University’s Biodiversity and Habitat Protection Index from 2010 to 2020. The findings show a significant increase in biodiversity conservation performance over the ten-year study period. Interestingly, low-income countries outperformed their wealthier OIC counterparts in terms of biodiversity conservation, despite having the lowest economic development status. This positive trend highlights the effectiveness of essential biodiversity policies and measures adopted in these Muslim countries. Furthermore, these results align with Stern’s approach, which argues that economic expansion can have diverse impacts on environmental quality, leading to the rejection of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis in the
context of biodiversity conservation in Muslim countries. The study emphasises the need for further research into the nature of biodiversity policies among low-income nations. The policy ideas and solutions from these countries can provide valuable insights for combating biodiversity loss within OIC countries and globally, contributing to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Additionally, it has the potential to enhance the capacity of OIC countries in biodiversity conservation and their role in supporting fellow Muslim nations in achieving the SDG
The Principle of Non-Interference Curtails Asean Action in Addressing Human Rights Violation in Myanmar
Get PDFThis article described and analyzed the dilemma faced by ASEAN under its non-interference principle in managing the human rights issues in Myanmar. The presence of that principle severely curtails ASEAN’s firm action to promote and protect human rights strongly based on the ASEAN’s commitment written in the ASEAN Charter and the ASEAN Declaration of Human Rights (ADHR). This article
utilizes the qualitative research method supported by secondary data to provide an in-depth and comprehensive analysis. ASEAN’s protection of human rights is reflected by its active conduct of regular discussions and engagements on human rights issues in the region, the adoption of the ADHR, and the establishment of the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). The human rights issues gained more attention in ASEAN in 1997 as the United States and European Union opposed the ASEAN decision to accept Myanmar as a member on the grounds of the human rights violations record in Myanmar. The membership in ASEAN did not improve the human rights record in Myanmar as ASEAN had hoped for. Myanmar embarked on other human rights violations, among others the Rohingya crisis (2012) and the military coup against the democratic government (2021) that sparked criticism from abroad and within ASEAN. This study concluded that the principle of noninterference has set the limit and curtailed ASEAN’s contribution toward optimally addressing human rights violations in Myanmar. ASEAN may need in the future a new and comprehensive mechanism for addressing human rights violations. A stronger constructive engagement policy should be put in place to set a universal standard to protect human rights in the regio
What Motivates Students to Pursue Entrepreneurial Endeavours? The Predicting Roles of Entrepreneurial Passion and Entrepreneurial Education
Get PDFEntrepreneurship plays a crucial role in the economy of any nation, including Indonesia. Recognizing the demographic advantage, the government has emphasized youth entrepreneurship. Therefore, this study aims to examine how entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurship education influence students’ entrepreneurial intentions. The study employed purposive sampling and collected data from 232 active students in Indonesia. Data analysis was performed using Partial Least Squares (Smart PLS). The results indicate that entrepreneurial passion directly impacts entrepreneurial intention, whereas the effect of entrepreneurship education is not significant. Additionally, the study confirms the role of entrepreneurship education in fostering entrepreneurial passion. Both entrepreneurial passion and entrepreneurship education influence attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. However, only attitude and perceived behavioral control positively affect entrepreneurial intention, while subjective norms show no significant effect. Perceived behavioral control fully mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial passion, entrepreneurship education, and entrepreneurial intention, as indicated by the mediation analysis. Notably, attitude influences the relationship, while subjective norms do not. Policymakers can leverage on these findings to develop entrepreneurial curricula aimed at enhancing entrepreneurial intention among student
Identifying Problems and Solutions of the E-Court System of Religious Courts in Indonesia: An Analytic Network Process Study
Get PDFMany nations are creating E-courts to simplify court operations. However, religious e-Courts take more work to execute. This study has identified religious court e-Court implementation issues and solutions using Delphi and ANP. It first employed Delphi and a literature review to interview experts face-to-face. Eight judges, I.T. workers, and attorneys from three religious court districts analysed the model using a priority scale with an Analytic Network Process (ANP). The study found that infrastructure or equipment from the application of the e-Court system is the main issue, with a geometric mean of 0.306, followed by Human Resources (0.262), the system (0.219), and regulation (0.213). Improving e-Court system regulation (0.850) and infrastructure were the primary solutions (0.770). This paper details cluster priority solutions and issues. This study suggests that the highest religious court authority focuses on infrastructure, human resources, e-Court operational systems, and associated legislations. The government must adopt the e-Court system and registration laws to encourage more active socialising. The study prioritises e-Court implementation issues in the religious courts of Indonesi
Covid-19 and Government Responses: Has the Pandemic Affected the Kuala Lumpur Composite Index?
Get PDFThe Coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak that originated in Wuhan, China caused significant concerns about public health due to its rapid spread across the globe. Economic consequences are also brought to the forefront as more countries are switching to a work-from-home mandate to slow the spread of the virus, restrict travel and shut down schools (Toda, 2020). According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), the new COVID-19 pandemic has severe economic consequences. It may be the biggest threat to the world economy (Siddiquei & Khan, 2020). While studies have been conducted on the economic effects of the pandemic, most papers focused on the economic effects caused by pandemic-related deaths (Meltzer et al., 1999; Smith et al., 2009; Smith et al., 2011; Siu & Wong, 2004; Chen et al., 2018; Ali et al., 2010). For example, when examining the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) pandemic, Chou et al. (2003) researched the pandemic’s health cost effects on China, Hong Kong and Taiwa
Bridging the Divide: Addressing Socioeconomic Inequality in Post-Apartheid South Africa within the Framework of Millennium Development Goals (2000-2015)
Get PDFThe practice of the apartheid system in South Africa has been widely condemned for perpetuating enduring socio-economic inequality and for its detrimental impacts on the lives of millions of citizens. While many studies have strongly affirmed this assertion, socio-economic inequality continues to arguably engender a long-lasting struggle among the black and colored communities in post-apartheid South Africa. This places a burden on the country’s successive governments to implement long-term policies that can rectify the plight of the people. Consequently, the adoption of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in 2000 becomes an important reference tool for the African National Congress (ANC)-dominated government, which has initiated and implemented policies to combat inequality in the postapartheid era. This study examines the roles and measures taken by the ANC government to address racially discriminated economic and social inequality within the framework of the MDGs. Using qualitative research methods, the study explores the background framework of the MDGs and analyzes socio-economic measures implemented by successive ANC governments between 2000 and 2015, focusing on areas such as education, poverty eradication, and healthcare. Primary and secondary sources are utilized to provide insights and support the analysis. The findings reveal that the ANC-dominated government effectively incorporated the frameworks of the MDGs
into its formulation and execution of policy measures to eradicate social inequality in South Africa. The study concludes that the effective implementation of these measures has yielded considerable progress, effectively addressing multifaceted issues such as poverty, healthcare, education, and unemployment. This conclusion aligns with the official South African MDG report, which unequivocally highlights the several achievements of MDG targets through policy implementation from 2000 to 201