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The Transformative Use of User-Generated Content: Discovering the Fine Line between Permitted Use and Copyright Infringement from a Malaysian Perspective
Full text linkUser-generated content or more commonly known as UGC has revolutionized the digital landscape by allowing individuals to create, share, and engage with various forms of copyrighted content across digital platforms. This paradigm shift in content creation and distribution has introduced new challenges in copyright law concerning the transformative use of copyrighted work. Balancing the exclusive rights of the right holder as a content creator and copyright user and the interests of society has become increasingly complex in the face of rapid digital innovation and creative expression. Determining whether the transformative use of copyrighted material qualifies as permitted use under the Copyright Act 1987 within copyright exceptions requires careful consideration of the existing legal framework. Hence, this article aims to explore the ability of the current legal framework to identify the fine line between permitted transformative use and copyright infringement in relation to user-generated content. The results demonstrate that the existing legal scheme does not provide permitted use for transformative use of works without the consent of right holders. This article also seeks to discover the possibility of alternative approaches that could effectively resolve the issues related to the transformative use of user�generated content within the existing legal framework. The outcome of this article is to contribute to a broader discussion surrounding the issues of transformative work and user-generated conten
Do Firm Characteristics Matter in Explaining the Lapse Rate of Life Insurance Policies and Family Takaful Certificates in Malaysia?
Full text linkThis study discovers the influence of the firm’s characteristics (i.e. firm size, firm leverage, aggressiveness of sales, board of directors’ size and diversity) on the lapse rate of life insurance policies and family takaful certificates in Malaysia. The panel data includes 25 insurance operators consisting of 14 conventional insurers and 11 takaful operators available between 2014 and 2022.The cross�sectional Ordinary Least Square (OLS) estimates show that firm size has a negative influence on lapse rates of life insurance (2019-2021), while a positive sign for firm leverage (2017, 2020 and 2021). The aggressiveness of sales shows the inconsistent influence on the lapse rate of life insurance in 2017 (positive) and in 2021 (negative). The firm leverage negatively influences on the lapse rate of family takaful for 2017 and 2018. The panel data estimates show that firm leverage and diversity of the firm’s board of directors significantly impact the life insurance lapse rate while only firm diversity significantly impacts family takaful lapse rates. This study offers policy implications for the insurance industry in Malaysia, especially by the Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM
Identifying and Prioritizing Marketing Problems in Iran’s Poultry Industry
Full text linkThe marketing of poultry products is a critical component of all production systems. Given the importance of the poultry industry in Iran and the marketing challenges it faces, this research aims to identify and prioritize the marketing problems within the industry. Using the Delphi technique, 15 experts from the poultry industry helped identify the main factors causing marketing issues in poultry units. These factors were then ranked according to their importance using the AHP method. The findings classified the main marketing problems into six categories: product, price, supply, promotion, resources, and structure. The "resources" category emerged as the highest priority, while "promotion" was deemed the lowest. Among the sub-indicators, the lack of government support and inadequate facilities from banks and related organizations ranked the highest priority, whereas insufficient advertising for chicken meat ranked the lowest. The most important innovation of this research lies in its comprehensive ranking and prioritization of marketing problems specific to the poultry industry in Iran, an area that previous research has not yet explore
