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The use of optical fiber cables for monitoring the permeability of dikes
Full text linkIn the thesis we firstly introduce dikes, their form, structure and the way of functioning. Theoretical bases of seepage and modes of failure, which can be caused by such a process, are explained. Further, optical fiber cables and the principle of their functioning in the monitoring of seepage are introduced. The method is based on thermal processes in a dike, because water affects its temperature conditions. By measuring the temperature using optical fiber cables the location and the rate of seepage can be\ud
accurately determined. Although the method is relatively new, it has already come into practical use, and one of the applications is present at the dike of the hydroelectric power plant Brežice. We made a study of permeability of the dike and analysed three different cases. In the first case we presupposed that the dike is homogeneous, in the second one we treated the real dike, and in the third one we presupposed that the sealing membrane is damaged, which we modelled by increasing its permeability. The results showed the phreatic surface which enabled us to evaluate the form suitability of the dike and the position of optical fiber cables
Analysis of the consequences of the Drtijščica Dam Failure
Full text linkA dam is a structure that can represent a risk to the surrounding area. In case of a collapse we can face catastrophic consequences of a flood wave, that does not cause only damage to structures but may threaten human lives. In my thesis, I focused on the analysis of the effects of a collapse of a bulkhead, the primary purpose of which is to provide flood protection. I introduced the purpose and the principle of the operating system of the Drtijščica. The Drtijščica Dam is located along the Styrian highway in the municipality of Lukovica, and in case of a collapse it can endanger the inhabitants of the villages downstream, all the way to Domžale. The basis for etermining the number of endangered structures is the calculation of the flood wave in case of the Drtijščica Dam collapse. The thesis is complemented with the theoretical background of the dams and the related risk, which can be reduced with minimal mesures
Design of steel column bases
Full text linkSteel column base is analyzed in this thesis. Firstly the most common type of connection and description of its main elements are shown. The component method and the resistance of each components are then described in detail. Secondly the procedure for calculating the resistance of a column base is shown in three examples. Finally, i compare the results with the program Hilti PROFIS Anchor
Problems with turbidity in the streams
Full text linkThis graduation thesis deals with the turbidity in the streams, which is result of natural erosion processes in river catchment, but lately more often caused by human water use and activities on the water. The consequence of cloudiness is not only a visual change of the water but it also effect on the physical and chemical properties of water and consequently the ecological characteristics of water. In this paper I presents hydrological monitoring of turbidity in Slovenia. It is given an overview about the problems of turbidity in the streams and factors that cause pollution and the consequences of changes in ecological conditions. I described some examples about the problems in our country and around the world
The influence of cover on transportation of radionuclides from low and intermediate level radioactive waste disposal facility
Full text linkThe usage of radioactive substances in science, industry, medicine and nuclear power plants is generating radioactive waste. The only way we can effectively protect ourselves from their deleterious effects is by appropriate waste disposal. In order to secure long-term safety of the disposal facilities, we have to understand the transport mechanisms in porous materials. We can then use mathematical models to describe the underground currents and possible transportation routes of radionuclides from the\ud
disposal facilities through geological formations. Theoretical part of the thesis contains the description of physical principles of radioactivity, classification system of radioactive waste and disposal possibilities for low-level and intermediate waste with information on type and quantity of radioactive waste in Slovenia. Theoretical basis of groundwater flow and related phenomena of flow in porous materials is also described. Experimental part describes the making of mathematical models for disposal facilities, that deal with low and intermediate level waste (LILW). First model describes the disposal of LILW without cover, the second describes the disposal of LILW with cover layer. The results were summarized and indicate the influence of cover on groundwater flow through hazardous waste dump and transportation of radionuclides of Caesium (137Cs) and Iodine (129I). Models and calculations were made with HYDRUS- 1D software
Usage of membrane bioreactors in municipal treatment plants
Full text linkWe wanted to present the usage of membrane bioreactors for municipal wastewater treatment plants. In industries such systems are widely spread contributing to improve wastewater treatment. With increasing standards on discharges from wastewater treatment plants began usage of membrane bioreactors at municipal treatment plants. The aim of the thesis was to describe the process of wastewater treatment with membrane bioreactors and to present advantages and disadvantages of these systems. Companies that produce membrane bioreactors have different ways of approaching to development. So there has been the emergence of several types of membrane systems, materials and procedures in the proper functioning of membrane bioreactors. We have presented the most commonly used systems, which are already well proven for usage for municipal wastewater treatment plants, since they have been in operation for several years. By studying the literature it showed that the usage of membrane bioreactors for municipal wastewater treatment plants still has some drawbacks. Particularly the operating costs are higher than by conventional biological wastewater treatment plants, which is result of membrane exchange. Since the membrane bioreactors are not commonly used at this type of treatment plants the costs of installing the system are therefore also higher. Some of setbacks of membrane bioreactors can be found in intense maintance and cleaning of the membranes
Comparison of pricing of sewage collection and treatment in selected service areas
Full text linkIn the first part of the thesis the municipalities which were subject of the analysis of the construction costs of the waste water collection and treatment infrastructure were described. The addressed municipalities are: Brezovica, Logatec, Borovnica, Cerknica and Pivka. Different types of sewage collection disposal are briefly introduced as they were all considered as a viable option fort the planners of the whole sewage disposal and treatment\ud
system. In the second part of the thesis legal basis for planning and construction of the system as well as pricing mechanisms for sewage disposal and treatment are analysed. Data from the project documentation, municipality reports and business plans are presented and compared. The purpose of comparisons is to identify possible deviations between planned and realized costs and prices for sewage disposal and treatment. Existing prices for specific areas are shown in the last section of the thesis and the methodology for their calculation. The prices are compared and analysed with identification of subsidies in some areas. Standardized bills for the sewage disposal and treatment provide a reader a better understanding of the actual cost for the end user. In the conclusions the importance of adequate cost estimates in the early stages of the project development is underlined which is essential part of feasibility study
Investment and measures impact analysis on traffic safety on regional and national roads in Slovenia
Full text linkIn Slovenia, the traffic safety in recent years has improved significantly, especially after the construction of the Slovenian motorway cross. Meanwhile, several main and regional roads have been reconstructed or resurfaced, several bypass roads have been built and several intersections have been reconstructed into roundabouts.\ud
Road safety and reduction in casualties are improving from year to year. Other contributing factors to this reduction include safer cars, increased awareness of drivers and partly the financial crisis, which has reduced the amount of traffic volumes on many roads due to saving and high fuel costs. Furthermore, stiffer penalties for violations of traffic regulations and a number of preventive measures also contributed to the safety improvements. All the factors together have a positive impact on traffic safety trends. It is very difficult to quantify the value of each factor on any particular road or section. Certain measures have short-term benefits, whilst others have a lasting impact on road safety. Often there are two or more safety measures being implemented at the same time, so that the effect of any single measure is often virtually impossible to identify or predict. \ud
The master thesis is concerned with assessing the impact of financial investments on traffic safety of the main and regional roads in Slovenia. My hypothesis is that the number of traffic accidents is directly related to the amount of funds that are invested in a road or section
Use of warm mix asphalt and reuse of reclaimed asphalt
Full text linkThesis in its first part describes known technologies for reclaiming of asphalt mixtures. There are two methods that are described. First one is called cold recycled technology, which is used in situ while road destruction. The second one is about getting, preparing and using recycled asphalt aggregate in production of new asphalt mixtures. In the second part of the thesis are represented technologies for warm mix asphalt production, which can basically be created in two ways. The first one is by using the fact that the hot binder expands and foams when water is added and the second one uses chemicals to change chemical structure of the binder. In any way is the goal to reduce bitumen viscosity without increasing binder temperature. The final part is about representing statistics of using above mentioned technologies in Slovenia, Europe and around the world. In the last part there is also analysed the economic viability of producing warm mix asphalt with Sasobit and viability of using technology of cold recycling instead of classic reconstruction
Optimization of terrestrial laser scanner procedures for high accuracy measurements
Full text linkThe thesis deals with the optimization of terrestrial laser scanning procedures in terms of increasing the accuracy and reliability of the results and reducing the time and cost of the procedure. \ud
The main intent of the dissertation is to calibrate the laser scanner and upgrade it with machine learning procedures. In order to carry out the calibration, we need to establish the procedure for precisely determining the target centers from the scans. We propose a robust high precision process with which we also veri�ed the accuracy of the scanner.\ud
Two calibration �elds were established and within them we determined the positions of the points with the classical geodetic methodology with the highest achievable accuracy. We developed self-calibration software with an original method for de�ning geodetic datum. Two terrestrial laser scanners were calibrated on the calibration �elds. The self-calibration results were used to determine the additional systematic errors of the measurements at which we used the classical analysis with curve adjustment as well as machine learning.\ud
Two practical examples of the application of the terrestrial laser scanning for tasks that require\ud
high accuracy measurements and results are shown. In the thermal power plant Brestanica we\ud
determined the inclination of its high chimneys. On the high barrier on the Drava River we tried\ud
to detect changes in the shape or position of the over\ud
ow wall with the use of an innovative\ud
method of statistically testing the changes of the plane parameters