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Sustainable planning of railway infrastructure
Get PDFThe thesis deals with a sustainable planning of railway infrastructure and sustainable development of transport by introducing new options of connectivity towns with the railway line, with a focus on tourism development of these areas. The first part of the thesis presents the importance of rail transport and rail infrastructure and the importance of sustainable transport and sustainable mobility. Because Slovenia is a Member State of the European Union, the thesis deals with the sustainable development of transport in Europe as a single European transport area. It also presents examples of sustainable planning railway infrastructure around the world. The following thesis describes the existing railway infrastructure in the area north-west of Slovenia, in detail railway line Ljubljana – Jesenice and Bohinj railway line. Railways are basic for sustainable design of the proposed new links Lesce – Bohinjska Bistrica and Most na Soči – Tolmin – Kobarid – Bovec. Because listed cities are often tourist destination, the thesis presents the integration of railway and tourism, the importance of building railway infrastructure in tourist areas, sustainable and green tourism and the characteristics of railway passenger traffic. In the second or the practical part of the thesis are presented the theoretical foundations and calculations of geometric elements of the proposed railways Lesce – Bohinjska Bistrica and Most na Soči – Tolmin – Kobarid – Bovec. Railways are designed by using the software CGS Ferrovia. At the end of the thesis are described all the proposed variants of both railways as well as technical and environmental possibilities of railways placement in space
Slovenian bikeway design guide update
Get PDFA bicycle is becoming a more and more popular means of transport in towns and cities because it is affordable to a wider range of users and provides an intensive experience of the environment. Compared to cars, bicycles also require much less space and at the same time they do not pollute either with noise or emissions. To this end, we have to provide for adequate traffic areas through which cyclists will rapidly arrive at their destination and feel safe and comfortable.\ud
A comparison of a Slovenian and American handbook for designing cycling surfaces shows a lot of more daring solutions of the latter, which is logical, because the US has been introducing modern cycling infrastructure for a long time. However, I think that our guide is a bit too conservative and therefore needs updates and foremost a bit more daring.\ud
More attention should be paid to the cycling lanes and shared cycling facilities that are somewhat neglected in our country mainly because they are a little more uncomfortable bike areas. However, it is important to know that they can be made more comfortable and more user-friendly if we introduce some more appropriate measures.\ud
Another topic that needs a little more updating are crossroads and junctions. Crossroads yield significant delays and most accidents take place due to them.There are solutions for both of the problems - some of which are already in our guide, but, nevertheless, it is also necessary to take a step forward here. A guide should tell you something about measures on how to increase the popularity of cycling which are not related to cycling surfaces. It is all about promoting cycling and informing\ud
people about the benefits of using bicycles.\ud
A modernization of bike areas is definitely a time-consuming process that has to be tackled with a good long-term plan which includes a gradual introduction of innovations, gives new information, and encourages people to use bicycles
Five-story apartment building with load bearing structure made of steel
Get PDFThis graduation thesis deals with static analysis of five-story apartment building in compliance with the Eurocode standard. The load bearing structure is made of steel. The interstory slab is made of reinforced concrete. All the effects influencing the construction are considered namely permanent load, imposed load, snow load, wind load and seismic actions. The static and seismic analysis of stucture is made on a spatial model with the Scia Engineer programme. The analysis of the secondary composit beam was made as well. Two types of designs of joints are presented: the full-strenght moment resisting beam to column connection, and the hinged secondary beam to primary beam connection. In the final section of the thesis the structural fire design of the beam and the column is presented. The thesis concludes with the positional plans and drawings of the existing joints
The use of Terrestrial Laser Scanner in the Production of Geodetic Plans
Get PDFThis thesis deals with data capture with a terrestrial laser scanner and the subsequent data processing for the production of a geodetic plan. The first part of the thesis shortly outlines the theory of a geodetic plan which is followed by a description of the technology of terrestrial laser scanning and terrestrial scanners. Additionally, individual phases of the production of a geodetic plan are described, from capturing and processing data to the final production of a geodetic plan.\ud
The thesis encompasses practical work which included capturing of data with the terrestrial laser scanner Leica ScanStation C10 in the field and processing of data with Leica Cyclone and Leica Cyclone II TOPO software. Furthermore, a comparison with the classical method of the geodetic plan production was made
Reconstruction of local road 111011 on the section Grosuplje - Ponova vas
Get PDFIn this thesis, I have analysed the section of a local road, which connects the city Grosuplje with the village Ponova vas. The thesis contains a description of the current status and possible technical solutions. I have obtained information about fluidity pressures of the intersection by manual counting of traffic, than I have calculated fluidity pressures of the roundabout. I have replaced the existing π intersection with the roundabout. On the whole route, lanes should be expanded to 2.75 m. The entire route contains reconstructed pedestrian walkway along the left edge of the carriageway, roadside lighting, and drains to drain rainwater. I have placed two bus stops and two bus waiting places with a roof on each side of the roadway.\ud
Given the level of alignment in the horizontal plane, a road permits higher speeds than the permissible. Therefore, I have put traffic-calming measures with the splitter island on a flat route section. The entire route has got traffic signs and markings on the road
Geodetic measurements in the construction of microtunnels
Get PDFThe main goal of this thesis is to present the technology of building micro tunnels (microtunneling). The biggest emphasis is on describing practical geodetic surveys at building micro tunnels. Described in details are the processes of planning, putting up and measuring the geodetic network, as well as the procedures of geodetic control surveys before, during and after drilling. The accuracy of geodetic control surveys in the phase of drilling is assesed. The main focus of this thesis was to find out how accurate can we determine horizontal position of detailed points, depending on chosen work method, instruments and position of given points. The findings of this thesis suggest that with the correct layout of drilling points, specific measuring equipment and measuring method, the client's expectations about drilling accuracy can be met; namely the drilling exit point should be accurate to 500 mm compared to the planned exit point
The influence of nonlinear seismic response of structures on the floor acceleration spectra
Get PDFFloor acceleration spectra, which are important for seismic design and assessment of accelerationsensitive\ud
equipment, were studied in the dissertation. A relatively simple practice-oriented method for\ud
the determination of floor acceleration spectra directly from the ground motion spectra was developed.\ud
Elastic and inelastic structural behaviour was taken into account. Extensive parametric studies were\ud
performed on single- (SDOF) and multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) structures and a large number of\ud
floor acceleration (response) spectra were calculated by using the response-history analysis (RHA). In\ud
the case of SDOF structures two different sets of ground records were used, whereas in the case of\ud
MDOF structures only one of these sets was considered. The influences of the type, natural period,\ud
hysteretic behaviour, and ductility of the primary structure, as well as the influence of the equipment\ud
damping, were studied. Additionally, in the case of SDOF structures, the influence of input ground\ud
motion characteristics was also investigated. The obtained results confirmed the fact that inelastic\ud
behaviour of the primary structure can significantly reduce floor acceleration spectra, especially their\ud
peak values. The method for direct determination of floor response spectra was firstly developed for\ud
SDOF structures and it was validated by comparing its results with the floor response spectra obtained\ud
from the RHA. A good agreement between the results obtained for both elastic and inelastic structural\ud
behaviour was observed. The method was extended to MDOF structures and it was coupled with the\ud
nonlinear pushover-based N2 method. In the case of elastic structures the method provides floor\ud
response spectra which are in very good agreement with the results obtained from the RHA. In the\ud
case of inelastic structures, in general, a satisfactory accuracy can be achieved
Extraction of power lines from airborne and terrestrial laser scanning data using the hough transform
Get PDFn this article, a method for the automatic detection of power \ud
lines in a horizontal xy plane from airborne and terrestrial \ud
laser scanning data is presented. The workflow is composed \ud
of four main steps: pre-processing with classification of a \ud
point cloud, filtering of the point cloud, the detection of \ud
points on the power lines by applying the Hough transform \ud
(HT), and vectorisation of power line locations and their \ud
intersections. In the pre-processing step, most of the points \ud
that are not representing power lines are eliminated via \ud
classification of the point cloud. We present our filter, which \ud
reduces the number of points in the point cloud further and \ud
thus accelerates data processing and increases the reliability \ud
of processing in the next steps. We detect the points on the \ud
power lines with the HT on the vector points in the xy \ud
plane. The final track of the power lines is derived from the \ud
straight segments computed by the method of the least squares \ud
from the points that HT recognised on the power lines. The \ud
results are assessed visually and via relative comparison of \ud
the computed intersections coordinates with the reference \ud
data manually extracted from the filtered point cloud. The \ud
proposed method detects almost all power lines in the test \ud
area for both data set
Environment protection and university technical curriculum
Get PDFThis paper deals with a university degree in Environmental \ud
Engineering as a part of university studies in Engineering \ud
and shows engineering fields in which environmental \ud
engineering studies have been established as stand-alone \ud
studies globally. Furthermore, the paper gives a short \ud
overview of environmental engineering education in \ud
Slovenia, and then looks in detail at the integration of \ud
environmental engineering studies with study programmes \ud
offered at the Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, \ud
University of Ljubljana. In 1998, the first ever in \ud
Slovenia technical studies in environmental engineering \ud
were introduced, i.e. the four-year university study Water \ud
Management and Communal Engineering (VKI). In \ud
2009, it was transformed into a new two-stage Bologna \ud
study programme Water Management and Environmental \ud
Engineering (VOI). The paper presents the basic indicators \ud
of the VKI studies (enrolment, graduates, average grades, \ud
study duration, drop-out), which formally expires in the \ud
academic year 2015/16, and compares them with those \ud
of the pre-Bologna university study programme in geodetic \ud
engineering
Characterization of cement composites with mineral additives
Get PDFDoctoral dissertation is aimed at characterizing cement composites with mineral additives representing\ud
the industrial waste material (fly ash, granulated blast furnace slag and biomass fly ash). Their usage\ud
can replace high cement shares in individual cases and is, however, favourable due to the production\ud
costs reduction and environment burden decrease, including the decreased emission of greenhouse\ud
gases as well as lower energy use. Cement composites (in fresh or hardened state) with such a\ud
modified composition can produce larger economical effects as well as better efficiency of raw\ud
material and energy efficiency necessary for the composite production. Doctoral dissertation\ud
comprises the presentation of the influence of the modified composites composition with mineral\ud
additives on the prolongation of the setting time leading to smaller reducing and micro cracks due to\ud
the relatively low hydration heat. At the same time it comes to the changed mineral composition,\ud
microstructure as well as the porosity of cement composites consequently influencing the mechanical\ud
and chemical composite characteristics and changed parameter values which are in connection with\ud
the cement composites durability (e.g. transport of aggressive material from the environment). In order\ud
to characterize the input raw material and cement composites characteristics some widely known and\ud
standardized methods have been used along with some not known methods like for example Raman\ud
spectroscopy and X-ray Computed Tomography. By using the two non-destructive analyses the\ud
information about the inner composite structure was assured