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Land value tax as an alternative proposal for real estate taxation
Get PDFWith the aim of realising the idea of standardising the internal policy of the European Union, the Republic of Slovenia follows the path fellow member states took when dealing with real estate taxation. Such unification of real estate taxation is not directly specified or in any other way regulated by the European Union, since it is closely connected to the local regulation of each individual member state. With the mentioned real estate taxation local communities across Europe mostly help finance the public service sector, as this represents a simple way of inhabitants funding a local government’s budget. The real estate taxation in the Republic of Slovenia should be levied on the basis of the generalised market value of the entire real estate. As one of the alternatives the existing literature names a taxation which would be based on the land value. The aim of this graduation thesis is to analyse the possibility of introducing land value tax as an alternative to real estate tax. In 2013 the Real Property Tax Act was passed. The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Slovenia then decided to abolish the Real Property Tax Act and the Real Property Mass Valuation Act due to them being unconstitutional. It would be sensible to unify all the current laws connected to the real estate taxation – the charge for the use of construction land, the tax on property and the tax on use of forest roads – into one individual tax. This is also one of the aims of this graduation thesis. The introduction of an alternative proposal of the land value taxation would lead to administrative procedure being more transparent and simple, which would also result in easier maintenance of the real estate database. The results of the model of forming an alternative taxation, discussed in the graduation thesis, point to the fact of land value taxation representing an instrument of control over land use. One of the aims of the alternative proposal is also the regulation of activities which affect the physical environment and guiding the real estate owners towards a more rational land use. In this manner the land areas would become less interesting for speculations and investments which could lead to a decrease in property values
Green jobs-assessing the ecological support of aquatic services
Get PDFBecause of natural resources Slovenia has a great potential in green jobs. In practice, we have seen\ud
some good examples, but possibilities are far from exploited.\ud
The first part of the thesis presents the topic of achieving environmental support of aquatic\ud
environments. The problem of investments financing is that they are based only on costs of the project\ud
without taking into consideration its complete contribution to the environment. The thesis introduces\ud
the importance of ecosystems and their significance for the environment and humans as well as\ud
approaches to assess ecological services, based on these ecosystems.\ud
Based on the assumption that the level of ecological services can present value and importance of\ud
investments better than price of the whole project, the concept of green jobs is indicated. This can be\ud
understood as a result of investments valued by the methods listed in the part of the thesis dealing with\ud
assessment of ecological services
Analysis of sound insulation of external envelope constructions dependent on different levels of external noise
Get PDFIn spite of the law requirements, todays building and renovation projects tend to minimize\ud
energy costs, while noise issues are rarely addressed. Because of the presence of external\ud
noise, we need buildings that comply with law demands that are designed to protect\ud
inhabitants from negative exposure to environmental noise, while also considering location of\ud
the building and external noise levels. Therefore, I tested the adequacy of seven façades,\ud
taking into account different areas of noise protection, defined in laws, while also considering\ud
size of the windows. By using the computer program URSA Fragmat-Akustika, I have tested\ud
four massive and three light types of external envelope constructions. Taking into account\ud
the correction factors for traffic noise on urban roads I have established which façades offer\ud
adequate protection against noise, while also taking into consideration various window sizes.\ud
The results show that light external envelope constructions do not comply with law demands,\ud
not even with small window size. However, heavy façade types match the law requirements.\ud
Variants with bigger windows failed to comply with the law demands, showing that this\ud
weaker part of external envelope constructions has a big impact on its insulation properties.\ud
It is crucial to consider all the parts of a façade and ensure that all of them have adequate\ud
sound insulation properties. Buildings with weaker sound insulation are not suitable for areas\ud
with higher levels of external noise and affect the quality of living and present a plausible\ud
threat for health of the inhabitants
Safety analysis of the Mavčiče - Medvode dam cascade
Get PDFDams have always been built because of the benefits they offer, however, they are a threat\ud
to the environment and the people living nearby. To this end, ensuring the safety of dams\ud
and being aware of the risks they pose to the environment are two of the main tasks of dam\ud
engineering. As part of the thesis, we analysed the safety of the Mavčiče-Medvode dam\ud
cascade. The thesis presents the main characteristics of the dams and deals with the\ud
documentation and systems ensuring and monitoring their operational safety. Based on the\ud
documentation and field inspection, the level of risk was determined using the methodology\ud
of the VODPREG project. The risk assessment was not performed in strict accordance with\ud
the definition, but rather by assessing the key parameters that accurately represent the level\ud
of risk the dam poses to its vicinity
Mathematical modelling of flow in the fishway at HPP Arto Blanca
Get PDFThis thesis deals with types of fishways and reasons for building them. It focuses on the\ud
fishway at HPP Arto Blanca, the possibilities for its optimization and the analysis of the\ud
ichthyological review based on the hydraulic data found in the fishway.\ud
Fishways are built in order to prevent interruptions of a watercourse which may occur when\ud
an obstacle is constructed. Especially migratory species of fish, but also some other\ud
organisms that depend on different habitats for their long-term survival, can be affected by\ud
such interruptions.\ud
The problem of fish migration in the lower section of the Sava River in Slovenia is presented.\ud
Species of fish living there and their swimming abilities are also described.\ud
This is followed by the description of the most frequently used types of fish passes. Certain\ud
types of fish passes are suitable only for certain types of fish and specific types of obstacles.\ud
The fishway at HPP Arto Blanca was built in 2009 and is one of the few well-functioning\ud
fishways on large dams in Slovenia. Its structure and the operation mode of its inlet section\ud
are discussed.\ud
The optimization of the fishway is then analyzed using the program PCFLOW2D and the k-ε\ud
turbulence model for unsteady flow. The geometry of a part of the inlet section of the existing\ud
fish pass at HPP Arto Blanca (implemented as a swimming pool type with vertical slots)\ud
served as a basic geometry. It was determined that, by moving the slots between the pools\ud
toward the center section, the maximum speed and areas with markedly high dissipation of\ud
turbulent kinetic energy ε are reduced. Consequently, areas with markedly low values of\ud
velocity and ε decrease. It was also found that a change in discharge causes no major\ud
parameter changes in the fishway with vertical slots. The only change observed is in the\ud
water level.\ud
Finally, an evaluation was performed, comparing the results of the ichthyological review of\ud
the fishway at HPP Arto Blanca with the results of the optimized hydraulic values in the\ud
fishway. The existing fishway was found to be well functioning
Accomplishments of one-dimensional mathematical model of debris flow and snow avalanches
Get PDFDue to inability to entirely prevent debris flow and snow avalanches, it is reasonable to develop\ud
mathematical models that allow us to predict and design sufficient protection measures in endangered\ud
areas. One dimensional model PLAZEM15 allows analysis of unsteady flow of fluids, such as free\ud
surface water flow, debris flow and snow avalanches. Theoretical background for mathematical\ud
modeling of unsteady flow of fluids and their impact force is described in the first part of the thesis.\ud
Further on the thesis describes results of sensitivity analysis of the model in which the initial shear\ud
stress, viscosity of the debris material and topographic parameters, including changes in the slope of\ud
the channel bed and gradual extension of channel width, were modified. The impact of changes in\ud
topography was examined for debris flow and snow avalanches. These simulations were already made\ud
in 1980 in the frame of the Chair of Fluid mechanics of the faculty, and the results were compared. In\ud
the last part of the thesis calculations of the impact force of flow were made for selected cases of\ud
debris flow and snow avalanches.\ud
The final results of the analysis showed, that tested numerical models give basically good results,\ud
however, further verification will be necessary before final applications. Comparison with results of\ud
some field measurements, not available in this study, would be very important
Apartment rent analysis in the municipality of Ljubljana
Get PDFThe thesis deals with the market of rentable apartments and apartment rent analyses in the\ud
Municipality of Ljubljana. The main focus of the thesis is the comparison between market rent\ud
and non-profit rent for the apartments with a net floor area of between 20 and 50 m2.\ud
Apartment rent analyses were carried out based on three types of data: advertised market\ud
rents based on data collected on advertised rental apartments; actual market rents based on\ud
data collected from transactions on housing leases; non-profit rents based on data from the\ud
database of non-profit housing. Results of analyses implied that the average advertised\ud
market rent is almost 50% higher than the average actual market rent. On the other hand the\ud
average non-profit rent is 50% lower than the average actual market rent. Due to reason, that\ud
the data regarding transactions on housing leases is gathered only for a short period of time\ud
(since July 2013), more time will have to pass in order to gain more data to assess the\ud
difference between advertised and actual market rent accurately
Quality assessment of selected ground control points of project CAS 2012-2014
Get PDFThe purpose of this graduation thesis, placed in a selected area aerial photography (photogrammetric\ud
block number 9, of the treaty of cyclic aerial photography of Slovenia in 2012), is to check the quality\ud
of ground control points in the new coordinate system D96/TM by manufacturers of aerial surveys\ud
used in the project aerial triangulation. From the records of ground points, led by the Surveying and\ud
Mapping Authority of the Republic of Slovenia, we have selected three ground and three inaccessible\ud
points, which we checked quality. The selection of ground control points was held in relation to the\ud
maximum tolerance that was achieved after transformation from D48/GK coordinate system to\ud
D96/TM coordinate system. The results showed that they are the largest in the area Trebnje, while\ud
other ground control points we chose along between Ljubljana and Trebnje. Field measurement of\ud
ground points was performed using the real time kinematic (RTK), while for inaccessible points we\ud
used combination of GNSS and traditional terrestrial measurements. Then we compare coordinate\ud
obtained by measurement and those that are kept on record at the Surveying and Mapping Authority of\ud
the Republic of Slovenia. Based on the results, we commented on the appropriateness of ground\ud
control points and in the completion of the task made the main findings and conclusions of the task.\ud
The graduation thesis has arisen as a reminder that without quality input data production of the high–\ud
quality finished products is not possible
Real-time landfill volume computation using GNSS
Get PDFThe graduation thesis presents the application of RTK-positioning method for calculating the volume\ud
of the landfill in real time. At the field work we have used instrument Leica Viva GS15, which\ud
includes programs to calculate the volume from discrete points while measuring. The first purpose of\ud
the study was to estimate the error resulting from two sets of discrete point positions that were\ud
gathered independently. Two independent sets of points’ positions were used to estimate the difference\ud
of volume computation due to different spaced discrete points on the landfill. Furthermore, we have\ud
used the same positions of discrete points for the subsequent volume calculation in the program Surfer,\ud
which includes several interpolations and consequently several options of volume calculation. The\ud
objective was to examine which interpolation method and grid-cell size is used for volume calculation\ud
in the Leica Viva Survey+ software. For the specific landfill we found out that the volume calculation\ud
is strongly affected by the size of the area of the landfill, while the size of the grid distinctly does not\ud
affect the final solution. We have shown that various interpolations significant impact the calculated\ud
volume, and that it makes sense to calculate the volume from independent samples of discrete points.\ud
Finally, we confirmed that the Survey+ program uses triangulation with linear interpolation at the grid\ud
about the size of a centimeter