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The advantages and disadvantages of the polymeric materials usage in water distribution systems
Get PDFThe importance of water for health and livelihood of the people is priceless, so its pollution constitutes a growing problem. Since natural drinking water is irreplaceable and invaluable public good, handling with sources of drinking water and its supply is very strictly regulated by the European and Slovenian regulations. The regulations of drinking water are exactly provided by the regulation Pravilnik o pitni vodi. It also commits the operators on drinking water supply to the internal control of drinking water by the principles of the HACCP system. HACCP is an internationally established preventive system for ensuring food safety that specifies control methods and recognizes the critical control points.\ud
The materials in contact with drinking water pose a potential health risk to the wholesome drinking water and thus indirectly also to human health, because their decomposition processes may lead to the migration between the material and the water. Although the first polymeric materials were produced at the end of the 19th century, we still place them amongst newer materials. Thus recently, these materials are increasingly being used in water supply systems. Despite the fact that their use has a number of advantages, their use also has some disadvantages. It is crucial to consider which materials will be selected and installed during facility design and construction, what are their characteristics and potential impacts on the wholesome drinking water.\ud
The thesis presents the polymeric materials that are commonly used in the water supply systems, their chemical composition, properties and intention of use. This also includes additives and fillers which have been added, their influence on the properties of polymers and polymer material impact on the wholesome drinking water. The subjects of interest are also the ways and methods of testing these materials. The results and conclusions are presented by a SWOT analysis that reveals the main advantages and disadvantages of the polymeric materials usage in water distribution systems. The SWOT analysis also offers new opportunities for improvements and additionally draws attention to the problems that may occur. Finally, we have made a study of the actual situation of the installed materials in the System in Pomurje – C system
Analysis of the existing elementary school Dobrova in terms of energy performance and indoor environment quality
Get PDFIn my thesis, I analysed the renovation of Dobrovo Primary School in terms of energy\ud
efficiency and indoor air quality. The school facilities are diverse, composed of cubes of\ud
different sizes and heights. Given the time and the construction system, the whole school\ud
complex can be divided into two major parts. The first part or the "old school"\ud
(completion of building works in 1966) comprises two mutually perpendicular wings\ud
where classrooms, offices and library are situated. The second part is the newer part (the\ud
extension lasted several years and was finalised about a decade ago) which comprises\ud
gyms, dining halls, kitchens and five classrooms. On the first part, only the remediation of\ud
the thermal envelope of the building was carried out in 2014 whereas on the second part\ud
also builders’ joinery was replaced, solar panels for heating domestic water and woodfuelled\ud
biomass boiler were installed. However, the last two improvements introduced by\ud
Dobrovo Primary School were not taken into account in the analysis since they have only\ud
come into use in 2015. Moreover, both of these are also not included in the energy\ud
performance certificate.\ud
The aim of the thesis is to present the results calculated using TOST software and\ud
compare them with the existing legislation as well as the calculated energy performance certificate of the building. The aspect of indoor air quality had been analysed through a\ud
survey among the employees which provided their opinion on the chosen quality\ud
parameters before and after the restoration.\ud
The results obtained with TOST software revealed that Dobrovo Primary School does not\ud
meet the requirements of the energy efficiency. When comparing the values calculated by\ud
TOST software and calculated values of the energy performance certificate, different\ud
results are obtained. The values of CO2 deviate the most as they are more than twice as\ud
high. Based on the survey results, it can be concluded that only minimal changes are\ud
perceived in the quality of the indoor environment after the renovation. In order to obtain\ud
results that would draw to a firm conclusion on the effects of rehabilitation on the quality\ud
of the indoor environment, a detailed analysis would be required. In the future, the\ud
opinion should be upgraded also with measurements of comfort parameters.\ud
It is recommended to move the existing window frames to the level of thermal insulation,\ud
to renew the heating system and hot domestic water preparation appliances, and to install\ud
heat recovery ventilation system. In addition, it would be worthwhile fitting thermostatic\ud
valve and replacing circulating
Comparison of GNSS point position determination in signal before and after inclusion of the Idrija reference station
Get PDFIn our thesis, we present the results of the GNSS fieldwork measurements of May 2014 and\ud
April 2015, namely before and after the integration of the new GNSS permanent station into\ud
the network SIGNAL. The new GNSS permanent station is located in Idrija, so the sites of\ud
the fieldwork measurements were bound up with the problematic areas of Inner Carniola and\ud
a part of Upper Carniola. The sites were located in Gorenja vas, Žiri, Idrija and Črni Vrh. In\ud
these areas, the realization of the observations with the RTK measurement method and the\ud
processing of the observations of the GNSS static measurement were often problematic\ud
before the integration of the new permanent station because of larger distances from the\ud
permanent stations. At each individual site, we performed the GNSS static measurement and\ud
the RTK measurement method with the purpose of comparing the points positions. The aim\ud
of our thesis was to establish how the quality of defining the position with the RTK\ud
measurement method in the area of the sites improved with the integration of the new GNSS\ud
permanent station into the network SIGNAL
HPP Vrhovo operation amendment on reservoir sediment management aspect
Get PDFHPP Vrhovo is the first powerplant in the chain of the lower Sava River Basin, built in 1993 and as an\ud
object, spatially positined across the full width of the river, influences hydraulic conditions within the\ud
reservoir. Operation rulebook of the HPP Vrhovo determines dam gates and flaps operation only\ud
according to upstream flows, without considering sediment influence in the reservoir. At first, the role\ud
of hydroenergy as an renewable energy source in the electricity production is presented, followed by a\ud
short literature review from the expert field of sediment influence on reservoir hydraulic conditions\ud
and historical review of key sediment transport analyses of the HPP Vrhovo reservoir as one of later\ud
validation tools of the sediment transport simulation results. In the analytical section of the thesis,\ud
temporal changes of the HPP Vrhovo reservoir volume are analysed initially, followed by sediment\ud
transport theoretical basis, short introduction of used sediment transport model, development of model\ud
numerical grid and setting of initial and boundary conditions of the model. The core of this thesis is\ud
presented in the latter part, analysis and validation of the results of sediment transport simulation and\ud
finally implementation of those results into optimization of existing operation rule curve with final\ud
recommendations
Spatial analyses of the UKC Ljubljana emergency medical station data
Get PDFThis master's thesis analyzes interventions and responses of the Dispatch Service of the University Medical Center (UKC) Ljubljana Emergency Medical Station from 2005 to 2014. It also presents the legislation and other regulations pertaining to the medical emergency services in Slovenia and abroad. Based on various analyses the subdivision of interventions was displayed in terms of days, weeks, and years. Certain assumptions regarding standard response times, call received times, the emergency medical attention teams response times and others were verified. Global autocorrelation statistics was used in determining and confirming the spatial interconnection of the data. It was verified autocorrelation of travel time. The kriging method was used to make emergency medical teams travel time charts. Based on statistical spatial analyses the probability of emergency occurrences in areas covered by the UKC Ljubljana Emergency Medical Station was displayed along with areas that merited a greater coverage with emergency medical assistance station branches. It was verified, based on the automatic external defibrillator locations and locations of events of cardiac arrest, coverage of the analyzed area with installed defibrillator, and additionally which areas suffer from a poor or an inadequate access to a defibrillator
A comparison of the bankfull discharge of Želimeljščica 1985 and 2015
Get PDFIn the past few years Slovenia has been facing frequent flooding. One of the main reasons is\ud
decreasing the bankfull discharge capacity. The graduation thesis compares the bankfull discharge of\ud
the Želimeljščica river in 1985 and 2015. The source of data from 1985 was the project Ureditev\ud
Želimeljščice made by the company Hidrotehnik d.d., the data for 2015 were gathered by the author of\ud
this thesis herself. Stream cross section profile was measured by using a tape measure and a meter\ud
ruler. The measurements of the stream flow were made using the Flo-tracer instruments, followed by\ud
the calculation of Mannings roughness coefficient from the acquired data. For hydrological\ud
calculations fort the years 1985 and 2015 the author used one-dimensional mathematical model of the\ud
hydraulic programming environment HEC-RAS. The results of the cross section chanell area, values\ud
of the Manning´s roughness coefficient and bankfull discharge capacity between the years 1985 in\ud
2015 were compared
Making calculated energy certificate for choosen building
Get PDFThe graduation thesis addresses four given energy efficiency certificates for the preschool in\ud
Škofja Loka, calculated according to the valid legislation and work methodology. The building\ud
in question was built in the seventies of last century and had it's efficiency improved in 2014.\ud
The state of the building before improvements has both measured and calculated efficiency\ud
certificates made using the KI Energija 2014 program, while the two energy efficiency\ud
certificates for the post-renovation building were made with KI Energija 2014 and URSA\ud
Gradbena fizika 4.0 programs. In the first part of the graduation thesis we look at the valid\ud
legislation concerning energy efficiency certificates, followed by the description of the\ud
examined work, work methodology, results and energy efficiency certificates comparison.\ud
The thesis concludes with logical actions that might be undertaken to improve the energy\ud
efficiency of the building among which the measures to optimize window shading, improve\ud
the roof heat insulation, as well as lighting measures, organizational changes and the\ud
introduction of a heat recuperation system are described in depth
Seismic resistance of welded beam-to-column connections in hybrid moment and braced frames
Get PDFCyclic tests with different loading protocols were carried out on full-strength welded ribstiffened and cover-plate beam-to-column joints to study their seismic performance.\ud
Composite columns were used to increase the robustness of the applied strong column/weak beam design concept. Hybrid-steel approach for moment-resisting and braced frames was implemented with high strength steel used for columns as non-dissipative elastic members and mild carbon steel for beams acting as dissipative members. Additional parameter of the study was axial force of high level compression in the column. All rib-stiffened and coverplate beam-to-column joints fulfilled the objective of the applied capacity design concept: the whole inelastic action was transferred away from the face of the beam-to-column connection into the beam section behind the stiffened region. All the joints subjected to variable amplitude loading met prequalification requirements from EN 1998-1 and ANSI/AISC 341-10. The test results with additional experimental data from literature were used to verify numerical model, which was employed for further parametric studies on both types of\ud
stiffened connection subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading. An important part of the study was also dedicated to the development of damage curve for low-cycle fatigue resistance evaluation of joints. Numerical parametric study was performed to support the proposed joint detailing and design guidelines for the two stiffened joint types against possibly adverse beam member size effects within the selected range of practically applicable I and H beam profiles typically used in Europe. All designed stiffened beam-to-column joints developed full plastic capacity of the connected beam under monotonic and cyclic loading. Parametric study confirmed the outcomes from experimental tests: cover-plate is superior to rib-stiffened connection; column axial compressive load up to 60 % of its capacity should not undermine welded beam-to-column connection; the applied joint design concept results in reasonable stiffening plate dimensions for the considered range of beam profiles. The study presents an important contribution also in terms of flexural ultimate behaviour of steel beams and confirms the need for a twofold classification of steel members according to their ductility and overstrength as the most appropriate approach for seismic design applications. Clear distinction is made between overstrength due to random material variability γov and overstrength due to strain-hardening s, which is still not clearly addressed in the current European seismic design code. Maximum value of the complete overstrength factor 1.1× γov = 1.375 as exists in EN 1998-1 was shown to be too small to guarantee a sufficient overstrength of a connection in order to assure the development of the full plastic capacity of the connected beam. Proposed values for both γov = 1.25 and s = 1.2 result in overall overstrength factor γov' = s·γov = 1.5, which proved to be satisfactory
Constructional physics administrative building company Krka d.d.
Get PDFNowadays investors are realizing how valuable energy really is, which consequently means that a lot of attention is given on the energy efficiency of buildings. In order to meet the European and national requirements of building energy consumption, the health, comfort of building users and ergonomic design is often neglected. In the master thesis the new administrative building of Krka d.d. Novo mesto is analysed. An analysis of the building physics and ergonomic design is carried out. The analysed topics were bioclimatic design, building physics and ergonomic design (lighting, ergonomics of the working area). Light comfort is analysed with Velux daylight Visualizer 2. The acoustic comfort in the working area of the building is analysed with URSA FRAGMAT - Akustika. With the program THERM6 possible thermal bridges in the building were checked. The energy consumption of the building was calculated with TOST.\ud
The results showed that the project documentation of the analysed building complies with the building regulations in terms of thermal comfort, as well as in terms of energy efficiency. Although the windows of the building present a high percentage of the buildings envelope the required lighting levels in the analysed interior spaces were not achieved. The building also does not comply with some ergonomic design requirements, but these mistakes could be easily corrected with a slight change in the project documentation/drawings. A review of the possible usage of alternative sources of energy in the building was carried out. Considering the existing design of the building at the site of Novo mesto a few alternative sources of energy were suggested to the client with a few accompanied changes to the original project documentation. The proposed changes represent a combination of changes to the documentation, which results in a significant improvement in user comfort and building energy consumption
Appointing a Temporary Representative for the Process of Border Settlement
Get PDFThe basis for appointing a temporary representative comes from the legal definition of the Real-Estate Property Act, which defines the problem when the owner of the land that is processed is either unknown, missing or deceased and the heirs are unknown, thus making it necessary to appoint a temporary representative of this person. This thesis demonstrates the complete process of appointing a temporary representative through an elaborate composition of border settlement as well as the problems and the solutions we face when looking for owners of the land that is processed when the owner is unknown, missing or deceased and the heirs are not known