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Spatial development of tourism in protected areas on example of Goričko Landscape park
Get PDFProtected areas present an opportunity for the development of a particular area, but they can also be a limitation because of their protecting component. The high level of protected areas in Slovenia influences the development of all activities in these areas, especially tourism. This master thesis deals with spatial development of tourism in a protected area on the example of Goričko Landscape Park. Its goal is to present a plan of spatial development of ecotourism in the park. Successful examples from abroad show that the regional level of decision-making and planning is responsible for spatial development of a particular region, because it guides the touristic development. The manager of the protected area and local community and population have an important role in this. Social-economic status of population in Goričko show negative trends in demography and economy. The abandonment of agriculture and overgrowth of landscape influence the social-economic role of farming on the countryside and the appearance of cultural landscape. The plan for spatial development of ecological tourism in Goričko Landscape Park was designed based on sustainable principle, which provides preservation of natural environment, considers the local population and encourages balanced development of the area. We have considered the strategic documents on all levels, legislation, spatial and other analysis of the area. We have defined touristic activities that are compatible with ecological tourism and how to lead and provide a balanced tourism development in Goričko Landscape Park
Feasibility study for determining and recording of building lands' functional units for more efficient land policy implementation
Get PDFThe master's thesis discusses the area of specifying and registering functional building units of building lands. This is one of the most important areas from the point of view of implementing active land policy, area management, and real estate taxation. Area management and land policy are not regulated satisfactory, not even in urban areas, which reflects negative phenomena and trends that restrain, both economic as well as social development of the country. Another big issue is the lack of the developed land and building but not built on land data which represent vital spatial potential and have the key role in land policy. The master’s thesis examines in detail the history of specifying and registering building lands and building plots. In addition, it also represents the tasks implemented in recent years in the area of registering buildings’ appertaining areas, building land developmental levels and the actual use of urban area. Proceeding from this, the practical part of the thesis tests in detail the suggested methodology on chosen study cases. Based on the results some legislative solutions in the area of specifying and registering functional building units in the land cadastre were suggested. The conclusion for the long-term solution, even for registering building land data, is establishing the multipurpose cadastre which would coalesce all the necessary spatial and descriptive data in one place, and thus be the basis for vital directions in developmental processes and spatial arrangements, real estate evaluation and taxation, etc
Dissipative elements in seismic resistant strel structures
Get PDFIn design of steel frames a huge focus is on seismic design since earthquakes caused a lot of damage on such systems. Through time different dissipative devices were developed to avoid fatal injuries. This graduation thesis presents some of them and more specifically discusses behaviour and design guidelines for three of the most effective systems
Use of adsorption and membrane filtration for decolorization and decomposition of same industrial wastewater
Get PDFDye discharges are problematic from both environmental and esthetic point of view. The legislation in force, the increasing environmental awareness, and the widening range of dyes available on the market have prompted us to look for the most efficient wastewater treatment possible.\ud
Adsorption and membrane filtration have proven as efficient wastewater treatment measures. The best-known and the most often used adsorbent is activated carbon, characterized by great specific surface area. One of the main advantages of membrane processes is that concentration and separation can be obtained without any changes in physical state and without the use of either chemicals or thermal energy.\ud
The present thesis aims at finding an alternative to the costly use of activated carbon, by utilizing recycled waste material from the environment, which is characterized by low price, easy accessibility, and specific adsorption characteristics.\ud
Six different adsorbents were used, i.e. coarse and fine sawdust obtained from a local carpenter, sludge biomass from the central wastewater treatment plant in Ljubljana, an adsorbent made by ourselves from grill charcoal, powdered activated carbon produced by Merck, and waste ashes from the thermal power and heating plant in Ljubljana. We measured the changes in colorization and concentration of the coloring solution ensuing from the use of various adsorbents, varying quantities of adsorbents, and different contact times
Design comparison of national topographic maps at a scale 1: 25.000 in Slovenia, Poland and Spain
Get PDFMaster’s thesis presents national topographic maps at a scale 1: 25.000 from three different countries: Slovenia, Poland and Spain. We have analysed a design of national topographic maps, cartographic symbols, technical standards and instruction for map design and marginal content. All maps have significant differences not only in design, but in the contents also. Creating three maps of the same area in Slovenia, based on the design of Slovenian, Polish and Spanish national topographic maps at a scale 1: 25.000, enables more explicit comparison of map and cartographic symbols design. With a questionnaire about created maps, we were asking users and experts about the attractiveness of maps, the most appropriate symbol choice for different feature classes, the colours, the legend and the usefulness of all three created maps. Results of the survey show that many Slovenians, Poles and Spaniards prefer a domestic map, because they are used to it and they are familiar with cartographic symbols, too
Steel cable - stayed bridge over river Krka in Irča vas
Get PDFThe thesis shows the course of process from design to dimensioning of the steel cable-stayed bridge over river Krka in Irča village. The superstructure is designed as a space-truss made up from cold formed circular sections, which horizontal path takes place as an »S« curve and is supported by assymmetricly positioned cable-stays on the outer radii of the »S« curve. The load from superstructure is transfered trough the cable-stays onto two pylons. Main effects on the bridge are specified accordingly with the european standards the Eurocodes, by which the static and seismic analysis was calculated
Model similarity and the impact of the model scale to transfer the results from the physical hydraulic model to the prototype
Get PDFThe master’s thesis is addressed to the area of the physical hydraulic modeling. Physical hydraulic models, or scale models, are inevitably influenced by the so called scale effects due to disturbed ratios of forces acting on the prototype and the model. These ratios are expressed by the nondimensional numbers. General laws of mechanical similarity are presented. Theoretical bases of the weir flow are also presented. Scale effects were analyzed in the case of the three geometrical similar weirs, made in 1:26, 1:50 and 1:100 scales. The measurements of pressures on the weir surfaces and longitudinal water surface courses have shown the measurement uncertainty is greater than their differences. The discharge coefficient was evaluated by the means of measurements and the equation, which takes into account the essential parameters of the scale effects. It has been shown that a higher relative impact of the scale effects is due to viscosity while surface tension is mostly negligible as it was detected only in the smallest model in the 1:100 scale
The implementation of the sustainable development principles in the areas
Get PDFThis doctoral dissertation explores a) protected areas at the global level and their relation to some environmental and socio-economic indicators and b) correlation between protected areas and the implementation of the sustainable development in the Alpine Space. The results of the analysis at the global level show that the share, number and size of protected areas depend not only on the rate of biodiversity, climate zones and associated geographical unit, but also on different social, economic and political factors, showing that countries with a higher GDP combat the biodiversity loss more effectively. 5,887 municipalities in the Alpine Convention were (from the perspective of nature protection) divided into 13 categories. By comparing the values of the sustainable development indicators and correlations between them, some large differences in the implementation of sustainable development within individual countries of the Alpine Convention were identified. Protected areas are not only the instrument of nature and biodiversity conservation, but as well a supporting element of the regional development with a positive impact on all the three pillars of sustainable development, thus demonstrating that synergies between biodiversity conservation and economic development can be created. The implementation of sustainable development from the perspective of a more balanced development is despite the positive role of protected areas more successful in regions with higher GDP per capita, depending more on the particular country and its commitment to sustainable development at the strategic, regional and local level, as well as on measuring and monitoring its implementation rather than depending on the proportion or category of the protected areas. The results are identifying major differences between the IUCN protected areas and Natura 2000 sites: greater differences are being identified between the two regimes in specific areas of the sustainable development than between municipalities with the protected areas and municipalities without the protected areas
Standardized precipitation index - calculation and analysis for Slovenia
Get PDFIn recent years extreme hydrological events are becoming more frequent and pronounced. In\ud
comparison with flood drought is a much more complex phenomenon because it is difficult to\ud
determine its beginning and end; furthermore its occurrence is very difficult to limit in time\ud
and space. It also causes considerable economic damage. In general the primary cause of\ud
drought is the lack of rainfall, and at the same time also time of the occurrence of the rainfall\ud
deficit, its distribution and intensity in a specific area.\ud
There are various indicators that determine time and space dimensions of drought. One of\ud
the most frequently used is the standardized precipitation index (SPI), the calculation of\ud
which requires only data of rainfall for at least a period of 30-years.\ud
In the thesis we calculated the values of SPI index for twenty selected meteorological\ud
stations in Slovenia for the period 1951 to 2014 on six time scales. We found that on shorter\ud
time scales larger number of drought appeared, but since 1990 increased drought periods\ud
with greater intensity were observed. Drought does not occur uniformly and simultaneously\ud
throughout Slovenia, however it occurs in similar patterns at similar spatial and climatic\ud
conditions
Assessment of seismic resistance of existing reinforced concrete buildings
Get PDFThe doctoral dissertation describes the methodology for the assessment of the seismic resistance of reinforced concrete (RC) structures at different levels of complexity. The methodolgy starts with a preliminary rapid visual screening method which is based on the American method. This is followed by procedures which operate at five different levels of complexity, including simple procedures which are based on methods that were originally developed in Japan (levels 1 and 2), the N2 method with two variants of the mathematical model (levels 3 and 4), and the non-linear dynamic analysis (level 5). A separate chapter deals with the assessment of the load-carrying capacity of structural members, which is assessed differently at the different level of complexity. Models for the assessment of flexural and shear behaviour are presented, and the results obtained when using the different models are compared with experimental results for column and wall specimens from the SERIES database. In the case of flexural behaviour, the assessment of flexural strength of the structural members is presented, together with the effective yield rotation and the ultimate rotation. Based on data given in the SERIES\ud
database, assumed values for the ultimate stresses are selected in the case of columns at the 1st level. In the case of the three highest levels of complexity the assessments of the seisimc resistance of the structures are performed by using a mathematical model of the structure. A simplified model is used at the 3rd level, where the pushover analyses are performed using a slightly modified version of the original NEAVEK program. Here the mathematical model is based on an extension of the pseudo-threedimensional mathematical model into the non-linear range. In contrast to the 3rd level, at the 4th and 5th levels standard mathematical modelling is applied. In this case the non-linear analyses are performed using the OpenSees software, together with the PBEE-toolbox. Seismic resistance assessment was performed on twelve variants of several frame structures, four variants of (cantilever) wall structures, and five variants of dual structures. The results of the performed seismic resistance assessments for all the investigated buildings indicate a small difference between the N2 method and the non-linear dynamic analysis, whereas the results of the procedures at the first two levels were less reliable, and are much more conservative. On the other hand, the amount of input data and the scope of computational work increases with the increasing level of complexity. The reasons for the observed conservatism of the lower two levels, and also of the 3rd level, are explained by an evaluation of the individual assumptions made. Research into the definition of load-carrying capacity is needed, especially with respect to the shear capacity of structural members and the capacity of the whole structure. It was found that the seismic demand depends strongly on the initial effective stiffness of the structure. For this reason the choice of an adequate initial stiffness at the element level is very important. A uniformly reduced stiffness to one half of that corresponding to the uncracked gross-sections, as allowed by EC8, may grossly underestimate the seismic demand. The choice of initial stiffness may have a larger influence on the seismic resistance than the choice of the analysis procedure