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Standardization of bill of quantities for road superstructure on the concept of parametrization
Get PDFIn our master’s degree thesis we have dealt with and focused on the establishment of the standardization proposition for the bill of quantities for the road superstructure according to the parametrization principle.\ud
According to this method, the bill of quantities is comprised of individual parameter values. Each value defines separately the technology of the building, dimensions, material quality, transport and other characteristics, which are necessary for the formation of the quantity items. \ud
The standardization of bill of quantities is a constant process, as it must include all the modern characteristics and standards in the sense of correct technology definition, materials and the quality of the final product accordingly. Due to the ongoing development in different engineering industries, and the high numbers in the characteristic permutations, there still prevails the everlasting dilemma: what and how to include the most important characteristics of the final product into the bill of quantities in order for them to be still (and at the same time) accurate, flexible and manageable enough to enable the connection between the productive and manufacturing (bill of quantities and calculation) project model (plans, resources dynamics).\ud
For the purpose of the formation of the bill of quantities items to construct the road superstructure Slovenian technical literature and similar standardizations used abroad have been studied and checked. The main focus is on the implementation of the characteristics and technologies in the construction of subbase, asphalt concrete-stabilized base course, upper asphalt concrete-binder course and asphalt concrete surface and base course. We have organized the gathered data in tables of standard parameters and inserted them into the program Xpert module Xbase. We have compared the usability of the Xbase for the bill of quantities with the current method and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages
Calculation of water balance using simpel model
Get PDFThe thesis deals with a general explanation of water balance, its components, and SIMPEL software designed for water balance calculations. The aim of the creators of the software was to reduce the complexity of calculations and to create a hydrological program designed for a wide range of users. \ud
In the first part of the thesis, there is a general explanation of water balance and its components and a description of SIMPEL software. We described the necessary input data as well as where and in what form to insert them. Then metods for calculating evapotranspiration (ETp) e.g. the Haude, Thornthwaite, Blanex/Criddle, Turc, Penman, Makkink, Wendling for costal areas, Penman/Monteith for coniferous woods and Penman/monteith – EPIC are descriped. The bucket model which is the basis for calculation of the surface runoff is also introduced.\ud
In the practical part of the thesis we calculated water balance for the catchment of Tolminka river using SIMPEL software. We compare the calculated values of ETp and surface runoff for one ‘wet’ year 2009 and one ‘dry’ year 2011. We compared measured and calculated values and assessed the predictive power of the model with Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient. The results demonstrate that model for calculations of ETp returned satisfactory results. However, it is difficult to satisfactory calibrate the model of surface runoff, which is often the problem of hydrological models
Correlation between ultrasonic and electrical conductivity measurements on early age cement pastes
Get PDFIn this thesis, two advanced non-destructive methods were used to monitor the formation of the structure within cement based materials (CBM) at early ages. The main objective of this work has been to determine the possibility of using an ultrasonic wave transmission method and an electric conductivity method to monitor the hydration process and to determine setting and hardening periods of CBM based on our own experimental research. Two methods have been used in the scope of ultrasonic method, namely ultrasonic wave transmission method and frequency spectrum of ultrasonic waves method. Simultaneously with both mentioned methods, the temperature within the CBM during hydration process has also been measured.\ud
In addition to the confirmation of the ability to monitor initial and final setting and hardening times of CBM with both non-destructive methods, the main scientific contribution of the thesis comprises the correlation of results from both used non-destructive methods along with the analysis of possible use of these methods to determine two very important milestones in microstructure development of BCM, which are percolation of solid phase and depercolation of porosity phase. We came to the conclusion that the combination of both methods enables accurate and inevitable determination of those fundamental phenomena that occur at early ages of the formation of the structure of CBM. Both methods have shown different sensitivity to these phenomena, however important milestones occur at the same time regardless of the used method. A unique relation between both methods has been identified, regardless of cement pastes’ composition.\ud
These findings are important for the development of the advanced measuring techniques intended for the research of structure development within CBM and to improve the understanding of the process
Establishing methodology for capturing detailed urban land use
Get PDFIn this master’s thesis we are testing the methodology for capturing detailed existing urban land use in the area of Trška gora with its surroundings. In that area we captured the categories of existing detailed urban land use and made a cartographic representation of it. In Slovenia, we do not have adequate database of existing land use yet, so the data of existing land use are obtained from “Evidenca dejanske rabe kmetijskih in gozdnih zemljišč”, a database, adjusted to agricultural and forestry department. Qualitative data of the existing land use are especially required in the processes of spatial planning and monitoring the situation of the area. Potential database of existing urban land use would ensure adequate spatial data also for other processes; mass real estate valuation is one of them. Eventually it would become a part of a comprehensive database of existing land use, for which interministerial coordinations are absolutely necessary
The assessment of the design and construction of the bicycle infrastructure in the Republic of Slovenia and Italy
Get PDFThe thesis is a comparative treatment of planning and construction of cycling infrastructure in the Republic of Slovenia and Italy. Mainly technical elements of designing and building of cycling infrastructure are featured, divided by the type of cycling trail, such as the width of bicycle surfaces, free and traffic profile, the horizontal radius of curvature, transverse and longitudinal slope of the carriageway, vertical curving and transparency. The thesis also includes crossings of bicycle surfaces with other traffic areas, various embodiments of superstructures and traffic signals. An assessment is given at the end of each chapter together with suggestions for improvements in the design and construction of cycling infrastructure in the Republic of Slovenia with an emphasis on increasing the safety of cyclists
Analysis of perception of factors that are impacting the value of residential real estate with a particular focus on noise
Get PDFThis thesis is based on a research of perceptions of factors that are impacting the value of residential real estate, based on a public survey. I have put an emphasis on the perception of disruptive noise and check how many, if any, of the potential buyers of residential properties take analyzed factors into account. Basic concepts of Slovenian legal real estate regulation of real estate data accusation are introduced. Databases and data source required to objectively assess the value of real estate are presented. A comparison of data from the records and data from the real estate ads that interest potential buyers has been made. I found out that appraisers with the help of public valuation records can acquire various data that are important in the evaluation of real estate, but there is some data missing that also interest potential buyers. Such data are noise level, neighborhood safety, air pollution, the risk of natural disasters, attractiveness of architecture design and construction quality. The result of the survey shows, that potential buyers mostly care about legal owners property rights, air pollution, construction quality and finally the risk of natural disasters. Survey participants believe that disruptive noise, neighborhood safety and views are generally less important factors, but each of those can be very important when exceeding acceptable limits. They have stressed that the most disturbing is the traffic noise nearby busy roads and interior noise in apartment buildings
Analysis of various rope systems on via ferrata
Get PDFThe main target of the present thesis was to introduce and analyse the special structural safety elements which are used as a protection along the climbing paths so called Via ferrates. \ud
There are three types of steel rope protection systems used in Europe today which are so called French, Tirol and prestressed system, where the last is used by the Slovenian mountaineering association in the Slovenian alps. The behaviour comparison and the impact on human body for all three different steel ropes protection systems have been tested in the traffic-structural laboratory at the Faculty of civil and geodetic engineering in Ljubljana. The test setup was prepared in 1:1 scale on the steel structure standing in the laboratory for all three types of steel rope systems. The load of 90 kg was applied dynamically with the free fall of specially designed log from different heights which approximately simulates the real situation in the mountain. Based on the conducted experiments and obtained results analysis we expressed adequacy of using each of the tested steel rope systems. Moreover, the entire acquiring process of all required documents of the safety steel ropes at Via ferrate climbing paths in Slovenia is introduced. The emphasis is also made on the used materials and equipment needed for safe ascending along the Via ferrate paths.\ud
We have surprisingly discovered that the carabiners did not break, which is in contradiction with the expected behaviour and with the test results obtained by other researchers in the past
Design of reinforced concrete structural element
Get PDFIn the thesis, we analyse and design a beam which is part of a roof structural system. For the chosen element, we analyse two variations, first one for reinforced concrete and the second one for prestressed concrete element. The beam is 24.7 m in length and its height varies from 1.25 meter at the bearings to 1.5 m in the middle. The calculations were made accordingly to the requirements of Eurocode DIN EN 1992-1-1:2010. In the first part of the thesis load, load combinations and structural analysis was made. We used the results to dimension and prove all of the requirements for serviceability and ultimate limit state. Reinforcement was designed for both beams for their shear and bending resistance. Control for torsion carrying capacity was made due to their unsymmetrical cross section. For the prestressed beam the rebar was designed for the states of transport and mounting. Necessary tension forces in the cables were calculated for the prestressed beam. Loses of its tension were determined. Vertical displacements of the beams were checked for uncracked and cracked cross sections. Positive effects of prestressing were also included. Reinforcement drawings are shown at the end of the thesis
Efficient use of experiential learning on the topic of water for pupils of the second cycle (grades 4–6) of primary education
Get PDFThe holistic approach to education and schooling emphasises values of sustainable development. A teacher's task is to enable optimal learning conditions for successful pedagogical process. Pupils, attending Naklo Primary School, aged 9 to 12 were included in the research. The research measures the effects of experiential learning and fieldwork on pupils’ attitude towards water and their knowledge of water. We tried out experiential learning in six workshops. There were four lessons, which lasted for 45 minutes, carried out by pupils aged 12 to 14 attending the optional subject called Environmental Education. They were mentors to the younger pupils. The attitude towards water and knowledge of water was tested three times by using a survey and a test in order to collect data on how effectively the teaching units were carried out and how permanent the acquired knowledge was. Prior to the research the pupils were taught about water through the transmission method of teaching. Consequently, there were no differences in results of tests taken before the lessons by pupils of different ages. Due to using experiential learning and getting to know research work in their hometown area, the results in learning and knowledge are much better. Fieldwork motivates them much more and they are enthusiastic about it and on top of that their attitude towards nature is becoming more positive. Teacher’s attitude and enthusiasm is also of paramount importance and an additional motivator for experiential learning and research.\ud
It is crucial that pupils aged 8 to 11 get a lot of experience in active learning as they are still very susceptible to forming their attitude and values and their awareness of how valuable nature and cultural heritage in their hometown area is. They start developing sensibility to environmental issues as well. The results of our research prove to teachers who are already carrying out a lot of experiential learning and fieldwork on regular basis that they are on the right track
The construction of an Agricultural Building co-financed through European funds
Get PDFThe aim of this graduation thesis is to show how a young farmer, who is a citizen of the Republic of Slovenia, has realised the construction of the agricultural building through a grant by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development EAFRD. \ud
The first part of the thesis is focused on European funds and the manner of the absorption of funds, especially the funds from the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development. Introduced are all funds of the European Union, in detail the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development. Presented are also all the documents supporting the EAFRD in the Republic of Slovenia. The thesis accurately describes the process of how a young farmer can report at the public tender for the allocation of European funds tendered, and what requirements must be met in order to obtain a decision on the right to the funds, issued by the Agency of the Republic of Slovenia for Agricultural Markets and Rural Development.\ud
The second part of the thesis presents the construction of the facility. Presented are three main participants in the construction, such as the investor, the contractor and control, as well as their duties. This part contains the overall review of all the necessary documents to be provided by the individual participants, so that the construction is carried out in accordance with the Construction Act (ZGO-1). Described are individual phases of construction of the entire agricultural building from beginning to end, including the procedure for obtaining an operation permit and handover of the facility to the investor. The thesis gives special emphasis on how all three participants throughout the entire construction have to follow the special rules laid down by the European Union, since the project is cofinanced by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development