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Solution of waste water treatment for the community of Ajdovec
Get PDFThe project area of Ajdovška planota and its villages are in an area where, due to scattered and small settlements, wastewater constitutes a major economic problem. As this is a rural area, I wanted treatment to be carried out as sustainable and not intervene too much with the environment. Constructed wetlands mimics self-cleaning processes in natural wetland ecosystems, and with the help of substrate, plants and microorganisms sufficiently purify waste water. CW is inexpensive solution for wastewater treatment and system is simple to maintain. Especially in rural areas, like Ajdovška planota, where water is in shortage, the option of water reuse for irrigation. It helps maintain a natural appearance of a given landscape.\ud
This thesis presents the natural systems of wastewater treatment, and more detailed CWs, which would perform well in small villages of Ajdovška planota. It falls within municipality of Žužemberk, which has the lowest population density in the entire country. The project area has 9 settlements, but not exceeding more than 500 people
The development of structural BIM model from point clouds
Get PDFThis thesis provides a study of technologically advanced methods for the point data data capturing of existing buildings, point cloud data processing the use in the development of structural building information model (BIM). As surveying techniques for the remote sensing technologies are considered as a main source of information for the geometry of buildings, we explore a wide spectrum of technologies, e.g., airborne laser scanning to short range 3D scanners. Furthermore, the requirements and criteria for the use of point clouds, which are the main medium of geometric data for remote sensing in the observed BIM process are explained. In this context the point clouds software tools for BIM modeling are presented. As the point clouds only provide information about the surface of the structure, methods for the investigation of the invisible parts of the structure are presented, e.g., a ground penetrating radar and thermography are proposed. The last part of the thesis explains the process from field surveying to the development of a BIM model with an emphasis on the addition of the information that would allow for the use of BIM model for energy analysis
Design of single-family residential house in Škofljica
Get PDFA static analysis of a single-family residential building, located in Škofljica, in accordance with standards of Eurocode, is made and shown in the thesis. For this purpose, firstly a specification of loads that effect the building is made. Effects of self-weight and permanent loads, variable loads, snow and wind are determined depending on the structure, intended purpose and the location of the building. Due to the unfavorable seismic location of the building, influence of an earthquake is taken into account, but only in the case of masonry walls. In the calculation of other structural elements, seismic load is not observed. Modelling of the structure is done by a computer program SAP2000, which is based on the finite element method. In the case of wooden and steel elements, mainly linear calculation model is used, while planar mathematical model (plate) was necessary to be created for\ud
reinforced concrete elements, and beams were added to the same. Masonry wall was modelled only for the needs of the evaluation of bending moments that occur in the wall. In the phase of dimensioning, standards of Eurocode are used, while design resistance of elements is calculated with the help of MS Excel. Some of the formulas for calculating these resistances are gathered in the thesis, while for some, only their source is provided. In the conclusion of the thesis, some findings and solutions to specific problems are provided, which we have witnessed during the production of the thesis
The influence of glazing inclination on daylight conditions
Get PDFIn this thesis, taking into account the minimum requirements of regulations and standards that address lighting of residential premises with daylight, software DIALux was used to analyze the impact of glazing inclination on the illuminance of a hypothetical space (average illuminance, daylight factor DF, illumination uniformity ratio U0). For each window inclination, illuminance was calculated for three different orientations (N, S, E) and three sky types (CIE Clear, Averaged Intermediate and Overcast). Furthermore, we have determined with an accuracy of ± 0.10 percentage points, the appropriate glazing area for each window inclination that results in equivalent illuminance as in the case of the baseline. By analizing the simulation results, we have shown that in order to achieve a sufficient level of illumination, roof window openings do not require such large areas as vertically positioned ones. To optimize the Rules on Minimum Technical Requirements for the Construction of Residential Buildings and Dwellings, we propose requirements that would separately take into account\ud
the impact of vertical and roof glazing
Calculations and cost analysis in company from stone cutting industry
Get PDFThe thesis deals with the computation of costs, calculations, preparation of tender prices and cost analysis. We will analyze a small enterprise in stonecutting industry and one of their projects. We presume that only financially successful companies can survive on the long term. In order to achieve that, companies need to have a good understanding and overview of their operational costs, good knowledge of preparing calculations and comparing estimated to actual costs. Only in this case, it is possible to have a good overview of the financial performance. Small enterprises face an issue as calculations and costs are often neglected and employees do not have enough skills in this field. The entrepreneur is not specialized in preparing calculations which are often compiled on the basis of experience instead of actual computations. Additionally, small businesses do not have enough funds to purchase the specialized software for computing the calculations and therefore later are mostly carried out by using more general tools such as Microsoft Excel. In this thesis we will present costs computation, preliminary calculations, preparation of tender prices\ud
and cost analysis on a chosen example. We want to find out whether there are differences between preliminary calculations and final cost analysis. Based on the findings, we will prepare suggestions for improvements. As a practical example, we will present the production and laying of concrete elements at a certain facility in Slovenia, the project was carried out in 2015
Estimation of the overstrength factor and analysis of displacement-damage relationship of JUBHome walls
Get PDFThe first part of the thesis describes cyclic tests of reinforced concrete walls JUBHome WALL. The tests were performed at the Slovenian National Building and Civil Engineering Institute and at the Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering, University of Ljubljana. Three wall specimens were designed for predominant flexural behaviour, while predominant shear behaviour was anticipated for the other ten specimens. The main results of the tests are presented in terms of hysteretic behaviour of the walls. The damage was characterised by four limit states: the limit state of the first cracks, the limit state of bearing strength, the near collapse limit state and the limit state of collapse, which are related to engineering demand parameters such as shear force and rotation of the wall. The thesis then describes the estimation of the overstrength factor, which is defined as the ratio between the bearing capacity measured in the tests and the design value of bearing capacity. The overstrength factor for walls with flexural and walls with shear behaviour was estimated at 1.5 and 2.0, respectively. In the last part of the thesis, the construction uncertainty factor is determined. It accounts for the potential imperfections in the quality of construction and supervision of construction, which were divided into three quality classes. The construction uncertainty factor of the walls with flexural behaviour was estimated between 1.05 and 1.23. The impact of the quality of construction and supervision is greater for walls with shear behaviour. For the lowest-quality class, the construction\ud
uncertainty factor was estimated at 1.48
Reconstruction of two intersections on Viška road in Ljubljana
Get PDFTheme and the title of my thesis are connected with the reconstruction of the two intersections near my home. I chose these two intersections, because of some shortcomings, which I noticed in their design. At the beginning, I briefly described the crossroads. I presented their geographical location and names of the roads that are part of the intersections. After that, I listed weaknesses of the two crossings, which could represent a potential risk for the participants in traffic. Later, I focused on the theoretical basis for the design of circular intersections and road connections, which I found in technical specifications. I also described the field exercises in which I counted traffic for both intersections and based on the results made a brief analysis of the fluidity of the traffic. In the completion of the thesis I presented ideas to enhance the safety of individual intersections. The first solution demonstrates a conceptual implementation of the roundabout and the second one demonstrates an intersection with additional lane for the left turning vehicles. In annex I added new situations of intersections, which I made in computer programme AutoCAD
Risk management and uncertainty in evaluation of investment decisions in the real estate sector
Get PDFIn this thesis we deal with three important characteristics of real estate investment projects: the irreversibility of the incurred costs, the possibility of a flexible approach to planning and managing uncertainty through the ability of identifying investment opportunities and adapting to changes in the market. Dynamic evaluation methods do not take into account the fact that the pattern of risk in the investment project will change over time, nor it takes into account the flexibility provided by the market with its fluctuations. Between the beginning and the end of the investment project there is so many different possible outcomes, which traditional methods do not capture. In response to the lack of knowledge about decision making under conditions of uncertainty of the future and the associated risks, we examined the theory of real options, which derives from the well-known financial options on the financial markets. Dynamic evaluation model was in this thesis upgraded with different models of real options and by each we got the additional option premium, which proves that the investment project has under the current assumptions the potential and opportunity to maximize benefits. We have found that it is not enough that the present value of future cash flows is positive, but it should exceed the cost of the project for an amount equal to the value of open-ended investment options. We found out that the methodological bases that provide real options basically alter our fundamental views on risk and evaluation
Legal and other restrictions on land at the implementation of agricultural operations
Get PDFIn the master´s thesis, legal and other regulatory constraints relating to the agricultural land in the implementation of agricultural operations are analysed and presented. The European and Slovenian legislation in the field of implementation of agrarian operations has been examined in detail, focusing on restrictions on protected and other protective areas. The thesis is divided in two parts: theoretical (legal framework) and practical (empirical). In the theoretical part, the European and Slovenian legislation in the field of agricultural operations as well as activities carried out in practice in Slovenia are presented. Special attention is given to the presentation of special protected areas and their protection on agricultural land. The final part of the theoretical part gives an overview of the individual contents of the legislation and the necessary approvals to be obtained in the case of spatial interventions during the agrarian operations. We analysed the new Slovenian Agricultural Land Act with amendments (ZKZ-E), which was approved on 31 March 2016, introducing some changes in the field of agricultural operations. In the empirical part we have focused on the territory of the Municipality of Tišina, where land operation projects supported by the Rural Development Programme (RDP) 2007–2013 were implemented; here, land consolidation was carried out in 9 rural areas. The land consolidation procedure is analysed in detail. The emphasis is on the spatial analysis and thematic cartographic representation of the restrictions on planning and implementing different spatial interventions in agricultural areas in the territory of the Municipality of Tišina. We have tried to analyse all spatial restrictions which must be taken into account in spatial planning, including planning of agricultural operations. On the basis of elaborated spatial analysis and thematic representations we have obtained a comprehensive overview for the study area where special requirements exist for planning and implementation of agrarian operations. It has been shown that certain restrictions often overlap spatially. In the coming period, the Municipality of Tišina Will implement agro-meliorations to improve the conditions of agricultural production in the land consolidated areas, which are to be financed from RDP 2014–2020; these projects will be subject to spatial restrictions which were also examined and illustrated on the maps elaborated during our\ud
research
Conceptual design for regulation of rorrent/stream in Šempeter pri Gorici
Get PDFThe graduation thesis describes the problem of one of the Vrtojbica streams' tributaries. The source of the tributary stream is located on the Mark hill in Šempeter pri Gorici. The canal is almost empty most of the time, but in case of heavy rainfall, the stream floods the road under which it flows. The reason of flooding is the inlet of the culvert under the road. The following sections, the problematic section of the stream and the proposed solutions are described. The basic idea is to hold the water as upstream as possible and locally restrict the downstream flow to the limit of the culvert acceptance. The gathered data on the stream as well as maximum rainfall data have been used to define the surface runoff for each tributary of the stream for 5-, 10- and 50-year rainfall extremes. After calculation of maximum inlet flow into the road culvert, the amount of excessive water to run into the designed\ud
flooding area is calculated. The graduation thesis includes both, hydraulic calculations as well as photographs of the stream in normal, flooded and after-flood conditions