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Analysis of the possibility of establishing 3D cadastre using the remote sensing technologies
Get PDFThis doctoral dissertation thoroughly analyzes the possibility of establishing a 3D real estate cadastre by utilizing the resources of remote sensing. A common examination of two fields was conducted, namely land administration and remote sensing. The research revealed that the establishment of a 3D cadastre is necessary for the complete and quality registration of rights, restrictions and responsibilities in regard to real estate and other data. Land parcel as the basic unit of the parcel cadastre is not suitable for the complete and transparent registration of rights, restrictions and responsibilities. Also, it does not offer data support for other purposes of land administration, such as real estate evaluation, support for property management and spatial planning. The basic unit of the proposed 3D cadastral model is a 3D real estate unit, referring to a real property which is spatially limited in terms of position as well as in terms of height. For purposes of establishing a 3D cadastre an analysis of suitability of selected remote sensing Technologies was performed. It has been noted that, given the high requirements for accurate position determination of registering boundary markers, only unmanned aerial systems are appropriate. For the registration of building roofs and traffic routes, the use of stereopairs of aerial photographs and airborne laser scanning is recommended. Theoretical results were tested in practice. Unmanned aerial systems were proved to be appropriate for the registration of boundary markers, as these systems provided a highly accurate position that is comparable to the classic terrestrial measurement. It has been established that the photogrammetric point cloud of airborne laser scanning of Slovenia with a resolution of 5 points/m2 is sufficient for the registration of characteristic roof points and traffic routes. In addition to remote sensing data, the information about the spatial dimensions of parts of buildings and the spatial dimensions of buildings and other construction-engineering structures above and below the surface of the Earth that cannot be obtained by the airborne remote sensing technologies is particularly crucial for the establishment of a 3D cadastre. The findings were summarized in examining the possibilities of establishing a 3D cadastre in Slovenia in terms of upgrading the existing system. In case of a building a 3D model of a building was made, including cadastral data such as floor plans and building cross sections. The additional data needed are the roof shape (this can be obtained by remote sensing technologies) and the floor or room height (this is the only information that should be additionally obtained on the basis of field examination of the area). The existing legislation enables a 3D building registration. However, traffic routes and other construction-engineering objects that are not considered a land parcel or a building cannot yet be registered in Slovenia. Therefore, an introduction of a 3D real estate unit was proposed to enable the registration of other above-ground and underground 3D objects. Significant further challenges are related to the detailed definition of cadastral data models, the introduction of a temporal component in the data model of real estate cadastre and detailed definition of procedures ("events") of changing and maintaining data of real estate cadastre, while taking into account also the spatial and legal aspects of space structuring, in addition to the perspective of data registration
Design of reinforced concrete business-residential building on seismic area
Get PDFReinforced concrete residential-business building design is a g thesis based on architect’s design concept. The thesis is in accordance with architectural plan and Eurocode standards. The lower six storeys are intended for stores and offices, while the upper five storeys serve as a residential space. The building perimeter is in »I« profile shape, which changes according to building’s height. The intended location of the facility is in Ljubljana. Supporting construction is entirely built of reinforced concrete. The construction is composed of a frame and walls which are connected with full concrete slabs at the storey levels. Apart from its own weight, vertical load such as imposed load and snow load are taken into consideration. \ud
As far as horizontal load is concerned, wind load and seismic load have been considered. We have designed five different numerical models. For analysis we have picked a model which best describes the real state and it’s in accordance with constructional requirements. We have analysed it with SAP2000 program. By constructing different models we found out that the assumption of rigid diaphragma is unjustified because of extremely elongated facility. The most appropriate model turns out to be a model, where slabs are modelled with shell elements, and the rest of the supporting construction is modelled with linear elements. First shape fluctuation is mostly translational with fluctuation in y direction, the second one is torsional, which affects the reduced behavioural factor, and the third is mainly translational with fluctuation in x direction. \ud
The basic slab has been designed, so have the inner and the outer frame and the walls which create a box-shaped core together which, due to their great stiffness, carry most of the weight. In the end, we have made armature sketches for the selected construction elements. Additionally, the armature sketch has been made
Analysis of steel building considering membrane action of slab during fire
Get PDFThe graduation thesis discusses steel Office building with a composite structure. It includes the design of a typical middle floor structure of the building and the design of eccentric braces which carry seismic load. Apart from that, fire analysis of the typical middle floor is performed with a simple method od fire-resistant design by which a beneficial effect of the membrane on the capacity ceilings during fire was taken into account
Living space illumination using the internet of things
Get PDFThe thesis focuses on a set of new technologies called the Internet of Things and cloud computing, which have emerged in order to ease human activity and bring smartness and new business models to our everyday lives. These technologies could and will have impact in all domains including civil\ud
engineering. In order to investigate their applicability, we developed an automated lamp system for the work space. In the first part of the thesis, we introduce the key concepts of the Internet of Things, focusing mainly on theoretical background and the variety of existing application domains. As it can be seen, a new category of applications and innovative usage of networks and infrastructures should be expected in very near future. We describe main differences between the Internet as we know it\ud
today and the Internet of Things, its shortcomings and advantages in variety of application domains as well as new business models, which are evolving to meet the market demands. Our goal was to design a practical solution for improvement of the living ecosystem by incorporating the existing technology into our daily living space – an example of a one-bedroom apartment for two persons. The final product is a light sensor, which is connected to the electric grid and controls the illumination in the living room, as instructed by the user. We finish by expanding our knowledge and bring into light the possible applications for continued improvement of the human race. The thesis is complete with a list of components needed if anyone wants to try this at home
Application methods residual for the purpose of evaluation and assessment of investment in real estate
Get PDFResidual value or yield analysis is an advanced method of real estate valuation, applicable in a limited number of cases only. Its biggest problem is the quality of the input data. Less than critical use of the input data may lead to a completely wrong assessment. Therefore, the purpose of the thesis is to analyse in detail the residual method as a residual values as well as residual yield method. The aim of the survey is to determine the adequacy of the method in evaluating the performance real estate investments in the Republic of Slovenia. The underlying hypothesis posited is: the residual method is more useful in assessing real estate investments in real estate compared to real estate valuation. Research issues related to this hypothesis are: (a) how to increase the usefulness of the residual method? (b) how to improve the volume (the perfection of covers) and the quality of the data in order to increase the reliability of the estimates, based on the residual method? (c) Which information bases would need to improve the quality of the results obtained on the basis of the residual method? Hypothesis and the question of the proper method are the basis of the work presented here. First, the existing research areas under consideration were analysed and a critical analysis of the residual method and the necessary data for it performed. The next step was an analysis of the relationship between the prices of housing and the land and the construction costs, on the basis of which we could prove that the method is less adequate in periods of unstable real estate market. The survey of the factors affecting the use of the methods of the balance was made by means of a questionnaire. The survey involved 89 respondents. The conclusion is that the residual method has in practice been rarely used for real estate valuation and proved more suitable when assessing the investor’s value. Two detailed examples of the application of the residual method are included. Based on the past and current research we can conclude that the residual method is a better choice when assessing the yield of the real estate investment than when determining its value
Cost analysis of the project of construction of the shopping center
Get PDFThe thesis presents an analysis of the project of construction of the shopping center in Škofja Loka. The project is presented from the client’s point of view, and focuses on the elements to which the client needs to pay attention in planning phase, as well as later when execution processes begin. The first part presents the motives for the construction and methods of evaluation of the investment project. Phases of the construction project are explained in detail. In the last part, construction costs are analysed. The calculation of rentability of the construction that depends upon the amount of total investment and potential revenue estimated from the letting of premises is determined
Disposition of buldings and other spatial arrangements at Alpine dairy farms
No full textThe alpine dairy farming settlements or alpine dairy farms represent an important part of the settlement structure characteristic mainly for Slovenian mountains. With their archaic image the alpine dairy farms offer an insight into the distant past and are as such an important source of information about the first settlements on our territory. In the past years a number of alpine dairy farms has undergone a transformation into permanent settlements or holiday resorts, some are even falling apart and are therefore losing their historical value. Using the examples of 15 alpine dairy farming settlements from Julian and Kamnik Alps this dissertation analyses the major factors that have impacted the choice of location for the farming settlements, their spatial arrangement, the building typology, the arrangement of accesses and connections inside each settlement, and their connections with pastures. By analysing each settlement, the dissertation researches to what degree the arrangement of the alpine dairy farming settlements has been impacted not only by natural resources and ecological factors but also by social factors; it also tries to define the boundaries between the functionality and the planned forming of such settlements. Using the data acquired with the analyses and the research of local literature and current legislation the dissertation also presents suggestions for further regulations of alpine dairy farms
Economic aspects of the watercourse ecosystem services
Get PDFEcosystems and assessment of their economic aspects is a real challenge and at the same time a gap between management of ecosystems and economics. Ecosystem\ud
analysis performed using new theories of ecosystems services is incorporating also economic positioning of environment and its functions. Several studies were performed which are addressing economic evaluation of ecosystems and their economic contribution to human well-being. Development of new tools and assessment methods is\ud
related to that. They are still scarcely applied in practice, but tracing promising potential for new developments in the field of economic evaluation of the environment and its functions. Together with the development of the ecosystem services theory one has to\ud
be aware that the economic analysis of the environment has nevertheless longer tradition and several tools and approaches were developed decades ago. In the thesis the tools and their theoretical concepts for the economic evaluation of water and water services will be presented and how they correspond to the theory of ecosystem services. These approaches are affecting the legally defined water management framework, especially the one defined by the EU Water Framework Directive. This directive is a potential vessel for the implementation of the developed evaluation of ecosystem services economics theory into practice
Influence of soil small strain stiffness on geogrid-reinforced soil walls
Get PDFOut thesis describes the influence of two constitutive models on behavior of reinforced soil walls. Finite element numerical analyses with program Plaxis 2D was used to carry out a series of numerical simulations of different heights with geogrid reinforced embankments and different material parameters. For modeling of soil was used Hardening Soil model and Hardening Soil Small model. Both models are the nonlinear elastic-plastic constitutive models with sotropic hardening with the difference that Hardening Soil Small model also consider stiffness at very small strains. Among the various variants of the embankment, we compared the results of the calculation for horizontal displacements, the axial force in the reinforcement geogrids and shear strains. A comparison showed, there is no significant deviation between the results obtained from Hardening Soil\ud
model and the results obtained from Hardening Soil Small model in this cases. Numerical analysis of all embankment structures were made according to the Eurocode 7 and the German guidelines EBGEO
Hydraulic analysis of a reach of Ljubljana river and Gruberjev prekop
Get PDFMy graduation thesis is about analysing hydraulic relationships of a reach of Ljubljana river and Gruberjev prekop. Chapter of flooding is presented. Then correlation with vegetation, which slows down the flow with it's structure and shape is overviewied. Influence of vegetation in reach Gruberjev prekop is highlighted, where among other things, trees are hanging in the river. Next chapter is about construction structures that interfere with the flow. These are bridges and bridge piers, weirs, ….Program Hec-Ras, which is used as analytical model of reach of Lljubljana river is introduced . At the end, we overlook results and interpret the correlation of flow between mestna Ljubljanica and Gruberjev prekop