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IDF curves for southwestern part of Slovenia
Get PDFThe basis for the design of the municipal network for rainfall runoff is reliable precipitation data for a\ud
sufficient period of time. With the analysis of rainfall data and the following runoff modelling, peak\ud
discharges for sewage network are calculated. The final product of statistical analysis of rainfall data are\ud
IDF curves (intensity-duration-frequency) designed for a specific location. For the predetermined return\ud
period, using IDF curves, rainfall intensities can be obtained for different durations of rainfall event and\ud
vice versa.\ud
Aim of the thesis is to determine the influence of aggregation of precipitation data on final results. IDF\ud
curves were made for ten different meteorological stations and two stations, which included combined\ud
precipitation data of three independent stations.\ud
First part of the thesis contains a brief description of wastewater and rain water disposal and review of\ud
precipitation data analysis with emphasis on probabilistic approach. Since only the influential rainfall\ud
events are considered in the analysis, a threshold intensity or an alternative selection of rainfall data\ud
needs to be established and with the remaining data statistical analysis can be made.\ud
Practical part describes probabilistic analysis and finding of a power curve to fit the calculated data.\ud
Also, through different statistical tests, impact of aggregated precipitation data on reliability of the final\ud
results was evaluated
The implementation og the energy performance of buildings directive in the EU and the possibility of executing nearly zero-energy buildings in Slovenia
Get PDFIn my graduation thesis I analysed the implementation of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive in the national plans of different EU members and the possibility of executing nearly zeroenergy buildings in Slovenia.\ud
The study covers a Slovenian legislation summary relating to the energy efficiency of the buildings and a presentation of the Austrian, Belgian, British, Croatian, Danish, Dutch, French, German and Italian national plans that are listing requirements regarding the nearly zero-energy buildings. I chose countries which either have similar climate circumstances to Slovenia or have specific requirements in their national plans.\ud
I described different systems of renewable energy usage of biomass, geothermal energy, hydro energy, solar energy, environmental energy and wind energy. In addition, I examined the availability of renewable sources in Slovenia and their potential.\ud
Having analysed the examples of single-family houses on different locations in Slovenia by comparing different energy products for heating, cooling and production of hot water as well as usage of construction and physical characteristics, I verified the potential of complying with the requirements for nearly zero-energy buildings. In these examples I have proven that the share of renewable energy sources, required by the national plan, could be secured by using the biomass, geothermal energy, solar energy and environmental energy.\ud
At the end of my study, I presented the importance of building's location and the impact of different energy product types on the compliance with the requirements, defined in the national plan. The primary energy results are mainly influenced by the primary conversion factor, which depends on the energy product type and differs considerably across the chosen countries
Ground swelling analysis of the deep cut Dragučova
Get PDFThe master thesis analyses swelling deformation that appeared in the deep motorway cut at Dragučova near Maribor. Soon after construction the deformation appeared as a pavement differential heave in the longitudinal and transversal direction. In the introduction the thesis presents geological investigation for the design and the history of the deep cut construction. It continues with the introduction of the methods for the recognition of swelling potential and with the theoretical background of a nonlinear analysis of vertical strain and the Soft soil model used by the programme PLAXIS. In the main part of the thesis the results, gathered with the experimental work and including index properties, swelling potential, swelling deformation and swelling pressure, are presented. These results were used for conventional computation of nonlinear vertical deformations and as input for the deep cut material model made in PLAXIS. The calculation results of vertical swelling deformations determined by using the two methods are in good agreement. Finally, the ratio of already mobilized heave and the time development of the expected deformation in the future are estimated
Natural and anthropogenic influences in the area of reservoirs Mola and Klivnik
Get PDFEcosystem describes the processes that take place between nonliving and living nature. The ecosystem is composed of smaller ecosystems, which include water ecosystems. In this diploma thesis water ecosystem represented by two lakes and theirs influence area will be discussed.\ud
We evaluated the quality of the water in the lakes Mola and Klivnik. The eutrophication process, which is the main threat to biodiversity in stagnant water, was examined. The speed of eutrophication is affected by several factors which can be classified as natural or anthropogenic. The degree of eutrophication can be determined by the quantity of nutrients in the water. The effect on eutrophication is dominated by two elements: phosphorus and nitrogen. The nutrients enter the lakes from two sources: by the sewage waste water and by runoff water from the influence area. The\ud
calculated concentration of phosphorus and nitrogen was compared with measurements performed by the Slovenian Environment Agency.\ud
Calculated concentrations are generally higher than measurements. Greater differences were observed for phosphorous concentrations. Therefore, the calculation of nitrogen concentrations is probably more accurate. Based on calculated values we could classify the lakes as eutrophic during most of the inspected period. However, based on measurements, which are more precise, the lakes are mesotrophic. For lake Klivnik the anthropogenic factors contribute 51 %, whereas for lake Mola they are responsible for 56 % of total phosphorous concentrations. Anthropogenic factors contribute to 32 % of total nitrogen on lake Klivnik and to 37 % of total nitrogen concentrations on lake Mola
Influence of lateral refraction on measured horizontal directions
Get PDFThe theoretical part of the thesis is divided into two parts and it describes the refraction as a physical phenomenon. The first part represents the basic characteristics of the light as an electromagnetic wave acoording to the law of refraction. The second part presents the refraction as a measurement error, which shows up in geodetical measurements.\ud
The practical part presents the reading of the horizontal refraction, based on the field measurement. Our goal was to describe the influence under different circumstances, such as: the temperature, the distance of line of sight from the object, the distance of the object from the instrument, and the length of line of sight. The object of our measurement was an automobile. With the help of the equations presents in foreign literature, our next step was to calculate the angle of refraction and its influence on the measurements
The analysis of changes in actual use of the land in settlements Brdice pri Neblem, Šlovrenc and Kozarno
Get PDFThe thesis is based on the archives of Franziscean Cadastre and records on actual use of the land of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food of the Republic of Slovenia. We observed the changes in the use of land since the beginning of the 19th century until today, in the area of the villages Brdice pri Neblem, Šlovrenc and Kozarno, which are all located in the cadastral municipality of Biljana. The theoretical part presents some basic concepts related to methods of determining land use, and finally a detailed description of the used methods for obtaining data on land use. We have found that in the mentioned region the vineyard and built-up areas have been in increase, and this confirms our assumption about the spread of the these areas. The results of the analysis are presented in tabular and graphic, but the use of space is presented on thematic maps. The task was made by using software Quantum GIS 2.12.1
Concrete roads - comparison of regulations and concrete mixture design
Get PDFIn the near future, Slovenia will require a thorough reconstruction of the road network. Recent assessments of the condition of our roads have shown an alarming deterioration of our current public roads network. This is also an opportunity to increase the volume of construction of concrete pavement. Foreign experiences point to a number of advantages of concrete pavement in comparison to asphalt. \ud
The objective of this work is to show an overview of the current requirements in the field of design for concrete pavement in Slovenia and their comparison with the requirements of foreign regulations. Therefore we have to acknowledge that concrete pavements abroad are designed for a life span of 30 years, which is something we want to achieve. In the first part of the thesis we present the construction and design bases for the implementation of concrete pavements. Currently known systems of pavement structures and types of joints are studied in detail. Requirements for the installing and materials used in subbase and base courses are also given. We pointed out the shortcomings of the procedure for dimensioning of pavement structures used in Slovenia and suggested another one. \ud
In the second part we focus on the preparation of concrete mixture. The requirements of Slovenian regulations for components and concrete mixture were gathered and compared against foreign regulations. Due to the result, we suggest an update of Slovenian requirements. An overview of cements showed that we do not produce a cement whose primary purpose is to prepare the wearing course of pavement structures. A decision was made to develop a laboratory cement CEM II/B-S 42,5N. Developed cement was used for the preparation of a concrete mixture that meets the requirements for the wearing course of pavement structures. Through investigations of fresh and hardened concrete, we evaluated the adequacy of the components used, mainly cement and concrete mixtures
A comparative analysis of forest grounds in the Menina planina area determined with the methods of stand exclusion and specifying land use
Get PDFThis diploma thesis was written with the goal to present the problem of determining the use of forest grounds in different sectors and problems in relation to space planning. In the first part of our work, we examined the normative and the professional basis for determining forest areas. We chose the plateau of Menina planina as a test area. Because there are many different factors, which influence the shaping of the forest areas, we analysed them as well as the restrictions, that are imposed onto this region. We also constructed a chronological overview of the transformation of these forest grounds from 1892 up until now. The main part of the diploma thesis is the comparison of the graphic layer »SESTOJ«, which is maintained by the Slovenia Forest Service, with the graphic layer »RABA«, which is maintained by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food. They both present the forest areas in their own way. Through the comparison, we analysed the correspondence between the graphic layers. We analysed the results and sorted the deviations into classes accompanied with comments. Fieldwork was conducted, if there were greater deviations. In the conclusion, we analysed the main causes for the deviations of the forest grounds, suggested possible solutions for their reduction and presented the influence of these variations on space planning
Environmental impact of external walls made of natural materials
Get PDFOne of the largest problems of today’s world is global warming. Construction industry contributes greatly to this issue, mainly because of the methods of manufacturing the materials used in construction. The processes of manufacturing said materials that are commonly used in construction require very high temperatures. The energy for achieving the necessary temperature is gained mostly by burning fossil fuels. Because of the above mentioned problem we have tried to find the most environmentally friendly solution for building external walls. Within the framework of this thesis, we have focused on three natural materials – hemp, straw and wood. We used these materials in construction assemblies, calculated their carbon footprints and then compared the results with the carbon footprints of the construction assemblies that are most widely used in construction (reinforced concrete, bricks).\ud
The thesis first describes what greenhouse gases and the CO2 equivalent are, and describes the legislation. After that, the used materials (with an emphasis on straw and hempcrete) and the method of construction with these materials are described. In the end, the used structural assemblies and their carbon footprints are presented. In the last part of the thesis, we present the conclusion that the loadbearing straw bale structure (external wall) is the structural assembly with the minimum or negative carbon footprint. The structural assembly with a load-bearing structure of brick, which is only included in the thesis for comparison, has the highest carbon footprint
Analysis of refurbishment and execution - case study of Drnča castle
Get PDFThe thesis describes different approaches to restoring older masonry buildings,\ud
based on the case of Drnča castle, which lies in Dvorska vas in Upper Carniola. The\ud
castle is an older building under monument protection programme and it required\ud
thorough and complete renovation since it was showing signs of damage. By using\ud
the condition description and suggestions for the restoration, prescribed by Building\ud
and Civil Engineering Institute, the restoration and reinforcement measures were\ud
examined in detail. The thesis describes reinforcement of stone walls by means of\ud
injecting, the execution of reinforced cement coating on the wall contacts, anchoring\ud
ceilings to the walls, reducing the burden of ceilings, filling in the chimneys,\ud
anchoring the purlins, the execution of the new reinforced concrete bonds and the\ud
restoration of the facade. The last chapter discusses the alternative possibilities for\ud
the reinforcement of masonry walls and the renovation of structural timber