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Comparison of land use in the municipalities of Metlika and Semič based municipal spatial acts
Get PDFThe thesis studied, described and analyzed ordinances on the amendments and supplementation of spatial planning elements, adopted in the period of 1986-2013, as well the categories of basic and detailed planned land use, which were connected on the basis of the Rules on Preparing of Spatial Elements of Long-term and Medium-term Plans for Municipalities in digital form in 2003 and the Rules on the Content, Form, Method of Preparing a Municipal Spatial Plan and conditions for determining rehabilitation areas for dispersed building, development areas and enlargement of settlements, in order to ascertain changes of planned land use in Metlika and Semič municipalities. The acquired amendments of basic and detailed planned land use for the Metlika and Semič municipalities between the treated spatial planning document,s which were acquired with an analysis, were described, as well as numerically and graphically presented. The scope of individual category of basic planned land use per capita was also ascertained with an analysis. The final results show that the construction areas in Metlika municipality and the town of Metlika diminished, while they increased in Gradec. Also, the scope of construction areas per capita in Metlika municipality and the town of Metlika diminished, while it increased in Gradec. Semič municipality and the town of Semič are recording an increase of construction areas, while the scope of the construction areas per capita in the whole of Semič municipality is diminishing, while it is increasing in the town of Semič
Exploring the stability of parameters of cameras internal orientation in an uinmanned aerial system and their inpatc on positional accuracy of products
Get PDFUnmanned aerial systems are increasingly used in geodesy and thus more and more advanced. The wish to achieve higher accuracy of photogrammetric products, which result from complex bundle block adjustments and multi-image matching, raises the question of stability of parameters of the digital camera’s internal orientation in the aerial vehicle and their impact on the final product. The Bramor rTK aerial vehicle by the company C-ASTRAL and the Agisoft PhotoScan photo processing software were used for the purpose of this thesis. A geodetic network consisting of 20 stabilised points was established at the Petrol petrol station in Vipava to provide a calibration field. The network was condensed with a polar method to obtain more control points. To determine the stability of parameters of the camera’s internal orientation, we conducted flights above the calibration field on three occasions. On every occasion, we carried out two flights, each at a different altitude, following the same flight plan. The acquired pictures were loaded to the Agisoft PhotoScan software, where internal and external camera orientation parameters were calculated through bundle block adjustments. The changing internal orientation parameters were analysed based on tests performed on different test blocks. The impact of the said parameters on the accuracy of photogrammetric products, i.e. orthophotos and point clouds, were assessed in line with control point discrepancies that were measured on the products using the Autocad Civil 3D software. Moreover, the discrepancies of the products on control points using different numbers of Ground Control Points were also observed
Utilization of waste tires as alternative fuel in cement plant
Get PDFCement industry is regulated by legislation in which various measures are specified for prevention and reduction of air pollution as well as protection of human health, due to atmospheric emissions, which occur during cement production. Legislation also holds emission limit values for co-incineration of wastes i.e. alternative fuels. Waste tires as an alternative fuel can be co-incinerated i.e. co-processed in cement plants, where the high calorific value of the rubber is used to substitute fossil fuels and the mineral part to substitute the raw materials. By combustion of waste tires flue gases occur, which leads to atmospheric emissions. The question is, if use of waste tires leads to higher emissions to air and with that higher risk to human health. Fort his purpose the entire cement production process is described as well as the clinker burning process, which covers the burning of waste tires in the HOTDISC combustion device. Furthermore, the composition of waste tires and calorific values are presented comparing to fossil fuels, such as coal and petcoke. Also values for emissions during a certain period are given, which were obtained with permanent and occasional measurements. Based on production process, feed point of waste tires, conditions in HOTDISC combustion device and gethered data, various examples and conclusions are given about the impact of co-processing waste tires in cement plant on the emissions to air and to human health
Impact of quality of coordinates of the ground control points to calculate the volume of point close range photogrammetric capture
Get PDFThe purpose of this thesis was to determine how the quality of coordinates of the ground control points affects the volume calculation of construction excavation voids calculated from a point cloud. The point cloud was generated based on the photographs taken by an unmanned drone. The ground control points were initially measured using the faster but less accurate GNSS RTK method. Subsequently, we then measured the ground control points using a more precise classical geodetic measurement. The accuracy of the results of these measurements was then evaluated according to the ISO standard. The coordinates of the ground control points were determined by levelling the horizontal and vertical geodetic network. The volume calculation of the construction excavation void was carried out using the 3D Survey software, where the coordinates of the ground control points were defined with various methods of measurement. The volume measurement results obtained were then compared. The results showed the difference in volume amounting to less than 1 percent, proving the GNSS RTK method is accurate enough to be effectively used for georeferencing of a point cloud in order to accurately measure volume
Structural design of a two storey office building and production facility
Get PDFThe Graduation Thesis shows the process of structural analysis and design of key elements of the steel structure. The building has a rectangular floor shape, dimensions of 12.10 m and 32.20 m. Building height is 9.50 m. Construction is a two storey facility. On the ground floor is planed production and storage unit, on the first floor there would be offices. The project is designed in accordance with the valid European standards Eurocodes and related Slovenian national annex. Design of structure for\ud
earthquake resistance is shown in two ways, constructions with low energy dissipation and constructions with ability of energy dissipation. In Thesis is also shown design of four typical connections. The facade and roof is made of fire resistant panels. Dimensioning of the foundations is\ud
not included in the Thesis
Analisys of longitudinal connectivity and other impacts on fish in the Kamniška Bistrica river
Get PDFThe Kamniška Bistrica river is 33 km long, it originates below the Kamnik-Savinja Alps, runs southward past Kamnik and Domžale, and flows in the Sava river just above the confluence of the rivers Sava and Ljubljanica. Its torrential character has resulted in regular flooding, so there has been always a tendency for its regulation and exploitation of water power. With the construction of barriers and dams for the purposes of slowing down the current, stabilization of the stream channel, insurance against erosion and fortified banks and embankments for flood protection, the river system was interrupted both\ud
longitudinally and laterally. All riparian and aquatic species, especially fish, have been exposed to the effects of these changes. The worst damage was made to the types of fish, which migrates over longer distances. Many species couldn’t adapt to the changes in the aquatic environment, and had disappeared from the river. Numerous transverse water structures are interrupting the longitudinal connectivity of the Kamniška Bistrica river and doesn’t allow fish migrations, so essential for their existence – particularly for potamodromous fish (migrations within inland waters) and diadromous fish (migrations between oceans / seas and inland waters) which are almost extinct.\ud
In this thesis we are getting to know the characteristics of the Kamniška Bistrica River Basin and its features, and assess the impact of numerous transverse water structures, as well as other factors that affect fish communities of Kamniška Bistrica. Our main objective is to identify those water structures, of which improvements on free passage for fish and other aquatic organisms would contribute most\ud
largely to the improvement of longitudinal connectivity of the Kamniška Bistrica river
Analysis of load-bearing structure of a multi-residential masonry building in Nova Gorica
Get PDFThis thesis presents the load-bearing structure of the multi-residential masonry building in Nova Gorica. There are 28 sheltered rental housings. Floor constructions and the roof of the building are both made as solid reinforced concrete plate. The vertical load-bearing structure of the building consists of a brick masonry walls, but in the stair core area the walls are made of reinforced concrete.\ud
The first part of the thesis presents analysis and design of the typical reinforced concrete plate in accordance with the Eurocode standards. An idealized mathematical model of the plate was made in the program SAP2000. The analysis of the plate is concluded by the upper and lower reinforcement\ud
plans, which are annexed to this thesis. In the second part of the thesis is checked a load-bearing capacity of a brick masonry on the ground floor while the vertical and horizontal seismic load operate on them. In the vertical load is checked the wall, where the average compressive stresses, in the horizontal cross section of the wall, are higher. It is established that the load-bearing capacity of the wall is appropriate. In the operation of the horizontal seismic load is estimated the total shear resistance of the masonry without the contribution of the reinforced concrete wall in the stair core. It is established that without the cooperation RC walls, brick masonry is not able to assume the estimated horizontal seismic load
Preliminary design of fish pass at the Cajhen weir on the Sava river
Get PDFThroughout their life cycle, the aquatic organisms migrate along the river stream to fulfil their essential needs. Seeking for food, reproduction, seeking for shelter against predators and seeking for favorable living conditions are some of the main reasons for migrations. Transverse hydraulic structures in watercourses present a barrier for these organisms which cannot be passed without existence of appropriately designed and maintained fish passes. Therefore, these objects need to be designed and built according to the characteristics of fish and aquatic invertebrates living at the section of river in focus. To allow passing the Cajhen weir on the Sava Bohinjka river, just some hundred meters upstream of the confluence with the Sava Dolinka river, a technical fish pass with vertical slots was constructed in 70's. However, due to the inappropriate design it does not allow passing of the weir to any of aquatic organisms. It is also poorly maintained (backfilled with alluvium deposits in the bottom part, branches and timber logs stuck between the vertical slots).\ud
During the periods of low water in the watercourse, also migration down the stream is not possible due to the lack of water in the stilling basin in the spillway of weir. Goal of the presented thesis was to familiarize with the different types of fish passes, with target fish species at the area, their swimming characteristics and to define the most appropriate type of fish pass for the Cajhen weir. Three different solutions were analysed: fish ramp with boulders, bottom ramp and bypass channel. According to the characteristics of the area, the latter is considered to be the most appropriate solution
Methodology for capturing actual land use data of roads
Get PDFThe purpose of this thesis is to propose a methodology for capturing actual land use data based on the already available state space data. In the beginning of the thesis all the theoretical bases needed to be set and the terminology dilemmas needed to be cleared. We described the 'Database of actual use of agricultural and forest land' as the only available record on actual land use that is kept by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Food (MAFF) and presented some methodological bases that were used to capture actual land use for this database. We also inspected and examined the main parts of roads, road categorization and existing road records. This part is followed by the practical part of the thesis, where we showed different actual land use capturing attempts on specific examples for the selected test areas, using the ArcMap 10.1 program. We tried to determine the road space borders based on the selected graphic layers. We used the acquired actual road use layers from the original analyses and used the data to suggest our own example of a new methodology for capturing actual land use data of roads. In the conclusion of the thesis we defined our views on the possibility of capturing actual land use data for roads using the available data
Reducing the environmental impact of meteoric wastewater from public roadways and public surfaces (parkings)
Get PDFThe study concerns the sewage system of Kranj, Šenčur and Naklo communities which gravitates to the central sewage treatment plant of Kranj, and is managed by the Slovene public company “Komunala Kranj d.o.o.”. Adapted technical solutions were set forth for the improvement of stormwater management (drainage, discharge and/or storage) from public roads and public surfaces (ex. parkings) taking into account the current state of the sewage networks and available facilities.\ud
In a first phase, the design and operating conditions of the current sewage networks were assessed based on recorded cadastral data, our own scouring of the terrains and sewer smoke testing. We found that the current management of the stormwater from public roads and public surfaces is generally inadequate because often too polluted water is directly evacuated into the environment. In a second phase, updated various data sources on the size of communities, water consumption from all origins, drainage conditions of stormwater, the slope of the terrains, and road load by vehicles traffic, were collected and were the basis for this study.\ud
For the Zlato Polje area of Kranj, we have shown that by inserting new sewage section heading to the local Sava river for the evacuation and purification of critical stormwater through a gravity oil separator, we can reduce both overall burdening of the sewage system and the impact on the environment by the stormwater.\ud
Also, we have suggested for the large-sized communities the construction of new faecal wastewater sewage sections conveying directly to the waste treatment plant in order to bypass the current mixed system. Following the German standard ATV-A 128E, dimensioning of stormwater overflows and stormwater retention tanks were carried out including the design of the required various wastewater management elements.\ud
Finally, the regulating equipment necessary for the proper wastewater management of the above mentioned localities, especially for the Kranj area, was recommended