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El papel de la OTAN y su evolución en la era de la globalización
Get PDFDiscurso del secretario general de la OTAN pronunciado en Madrid el 10 de septiembre de 2010, en un acto organizado por el Real Instituto Elcano
Cambiar el curso cambiando el discurso sobre los ODM
Get PDFTodo apunta a que la reunión en Nueva York de septiembre de 2010 para la evaluación de los progresos alcanzados en los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM) se centrará en la habitual troika de crecimiento, ayuda y gobernanza. En este ARI se sostiene que acelerar la consecución de los ODM requiere que el discurso de la reunión de septiembre sea radicalmente diferente.
Aunque los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio (ODM) han tenido éxito a la hora de rescatar del olvido compromisos fundamentales adoptados durante la Declaración del Milenio, han fracasado en la tarea de ampliar una narrativa del desarrollo a menudo “donante-céntrica”. Las bases de datos globales muestran que el mundo se ha desviado del rumbo. Aún queda por recorrer aproximadamente un 60% del camino hacia la consecución de los ODM, cuando resta el 30% del tiempo. Es posible que la reunión de alto nivel sobre los ODM de 2010 se traduzca en otra afirmación de la interpretación tradicional. En un primer plano estarán los países y regiones que se han desviado del camino hacia la consecución de los distintos ODM. Las recomendaciones en materia de adopción de políticas se centrarán en la habitual troika del crecimiento económico, la eficacia de la ayuda y la buena gobernanza. Se evitarán los asuntos realmente importantes para el futuro de los ODM. La reunión sólo tendrá éxito si los líderes mundiales tienen la visión y la valentía necesarios para avanzar hacia un gran pacto sobre una agenda que se plantee la triple tarea de reformar las reglas del comercio mundial, revertir firmemente el cambio climático y, ante todo, reducir las desigualdades internas de los países
El euroescepticismo de David Cameron: ¿una apuesta coherente o arriesgada?
Get PDFEl euroescepticismo mantiene el protagonismo en la ideología del Partido Conservador en su retorno al gobierno británico. Aunque la UE ha perdido peso en el discurso Tory frente a otros escenarios, la apuesta por la repatriación de competencias y por la celebración de un referendo para autorizar nuevas transferencias de poder a Bruselas, muestran que hasta qué punto el Reino Unido será en los próximos años un awkward partner.
David Cameron cumplió los pronósticos el pasado mes de mayo y el Partido Conservador retornó al gobierno después de 13 años en la oposición. William Hague, Ian Duncan Smith y Michael Howard fueron incapaces de derrotar a la maquinaria laborista liderada por Blair. Cameron fue consciente de lo que necesitaba su partido y lo modernizó pero sin variar un ápice el euroescepticismo. Una vez en el poder, la UE ni tiene el protagonismo del pasado ni tampoco ha generado discrepancias con sus socios liberales-demócratas. Sin embargo, la dupla Cameron-Hague (ministro de Exteriores) se mantiene fiel a la tesis de la repatriación de competencias, al mismo tiempo que otorga un papel protagonista a la UE en escenarios como la competitividad económica, la lucha contra la pobreza o el cambio climático, aspectos todos ellos para los que aquélla no precisa de nuevas atribuciones competenciales, sostienen los Tories
International Trade and Emerging Protectionism since the Crisis
Get PDFProtectionism has returned, reversing an almost three-decade trend of trade liberalisation.
2009 was a crisis year for international trade, which suffered its steepest decline since the 1930s. Protectionism returned, reversing an almost three-decade trend of trade liberalisation. But, contrary to expectations, it has not returned with a vengeance, rather creeping to the surface in subtle ways. Time, therefore, to take stock of trade policy after the crisis, and consider its outlook at the beginning of this century’s second decade
India’s African Engagement
Get PDFThe April 2008 India-Africa Forum Summit not only marked the zenith of India-African cooperation following intensified cultural, political and economic interactions between India and African countries, but also the increased competition with China over access to Africa’s resources and markets. The author reviews India’s development cooperation with African economies.
The exceptionally fast growth of big economies like China and India has resulted in a new-found interest in the economic and political consequences of this growth for the developed economies. Recently, traditional donors’ concern that ‘emerging’ donors were re-emerging on the development scene was addressed. This kicked off a quest among donor agencies, think tanks and researchers alike to identify and establish the doings of these ‘emerging’ donors. To date, however, China has received most attention while the doings of other donors like India, Brazil and South Africa have remained virtually invisible. This ARI describes India’s current engagement in Africa and analyses the reasons why India once again puts Africa high on its political agenda. It argues that the development cooperation and in particular the 2008 India-Africa summit is a way to brand India anew
An Evaluation of the Swedish EU Presidency: Difficult Setting, Pragmatic Style and Mixed Results
Get PDFThis ARI reviews the achievements and set-backs of the 2009 Swedish EU Presidency.
The Swedish EU Presidency during the second half of 2009 delivered few surprises, pleasant or otherwise. In style, the Presidency is better characterised by pragmatic brokerage than by providing leadership for the Union. Progress was made on a number of issues, most notably the ratification and implementation of the Lisbon Treaty and the adoption of the Stockholm Programme concerning future cooperation in the field of freedom, security and justice. Also, the agreements on financial oversight and on a tentative exit strategy are worth highlighting, but on all these issues much work remains to be done. Among the setbacks, the failure to reach a comprehensive and legally-binding deal in Copenhagen on climate change stands out
Institutional Innovation in the EU: The Presidency of the European Council
Get PDFHerman Van Rompuy’s incumbency is likely to define the future content and scope of the position of President of the European Council.
The short period of time that has elapsed since the designation of the first permanent President of the European Council makes it difficult to make any assessment so far. However, beyond the formal aspects, how the incumbent performs will be decisive for the posts future consideration. Furthermore, this initial moment is critical in that it will probably set the course to be followed in the future. How Van Rompuy manages is likely to affect the position’s definition and scope as much as Javier Solana’s incumbency shaped the post of High Representative
Developing India’s Surface Transport Capability: The Case of Road Infrastructure
Get PDFThe Government of India is making concerted efforts to reduce transport bottlenecks, particularly on roads. This ARI discusses the new policy initiatives formulated as part of an evolving regulatory regime, particularly those intended to encourage greater private sector participation and foreign direct investment.
This ARI deals, first, with the evolution of infrastructure policy in conjunction with broader socio-economic objectives and the progress to date. Secondly, it provides a statistical overview of the state of the roads in India by category and planned growth during the remainder of the 11th (2007-12) and 12th (2012-17) Plans. Third, it discusses the new policy initiatives formulated as part of an evolving regulatory regime, particularly those intended to encourage greater private-sector participation and FDI
Russian Security Policy and Cooperation with the West
Get PDFThe West must find new ways to cooperate with Russia now that Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev have used its energy revenues to transform the country into a resurgent power and developed an assertive policy towards the West.
The Russian Federation has come back to the international arena as a resurgent superpower thanks to its oil and gas revenues and the leadership of Vladimir Putin and Dmitry Medvedev. An assertive Russian superpower has adopted a tough anti-Western stance in its external security policy against both NATO’s expansion towards the East and against the deployment of the US missile shield programme in Europe. The Kremlim has used energy as an instrument of power in the Ukraine and has employed military power in Georgia, and new documents, such as the 2003 Defence White Paper, the 2007 Overview of Foreign Policy, the 2008 Foreign Policy Concept and the 2009 National Security Strategy express a consistent line of thought in Putin and Medvedev’s foreign and security policy. This ARI reviews the developments in Russia’s foreign security policy,the continuity in the ideas and action of both Russian leaders, the challenges and opportunities of Russian-Western cooperation in Afghanistan and the energy security and military-operational issues that can be addressed through a bottom-up approach
How the Terrorist Attacks of 2001 Have Signalled a Fundamental Change in the Nature of Conflict
Get PDFThere are still fundamental questions to be answered on the nature of conflict post-9/11 and our existing understanding of war must be reassessed.
In this ninth year of the epoch-defining conflict which for most Americans began on 11 September 2001, fundamental strategic questions remain unanswered. What is the nature of the enemy? Is it an organisation, network, movement or ideology? What are the long-term objectives of this enemy? Does it have a Clausewitzian centre of gravity? Should we even use the term enemy, or should the vast resources that Washington dedicates to national security be spent instead on ameliorating the ‘upstream factors’ underlying violent extremism (to quote a phrase used by a close advisor to President Barack Obama)? This paper attempts to answer some of these questions and explain why our existing understanding of war’s nature must be reassessed