Publikationsserver der Katholischen Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt
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Impartiality Preferences in Sacrificial Moral Dilemmas Involving Autonomous Vehicles
No full textThe development of autonomous vehicles has stimulated research into preferences in sacrificial moral dilemmas. Studies such as the Moral Machine Experiment, which has attracted enormous attention in both philosophy and psychology, have been criticized for an important methodological flaw: forcing participants to choose between two options, like killing a man or a woman. It has been shown that many people actually prefer a third option, namely treating people “equally”. While this is an important improvement, we argue that “equal” treatment can be understood in different ways. Instead of “equality”, we propose to use the concept of impartiality and argue that impartiality needs to be complemented with action-guiding decision rules. To support this conceptual point, we conducted a vignette study. Our results suggest that impartiality is indeed the main preference and that the most attractive decision rule to complement impartiality is not random choice, as many papers suggest, but inaction
Personalisiert - Entpersonalisiert : ethische Beurteilung des Einsatzes von Robotik und Künstlicher Intelligenz in der Pflege anhand des Personkonzepts von Paul Ricoeur
No full textDer Bereich der Pflege stellt einen zutiefst menschlichen Akt dar, der zu jedem Zeitpunkt die Würde und Integrität des und der Einzelnen zu respektieren hat. Gerade dann, wenn körperliche oder geistig-kognitive Funktionen nicht (mehr) vollumfänglich vorhanden sind, stellen sich Fragen danach, was die Basis für das Personsein darstellt. Die Arbeit widmet sich vor diesem Hintergrund der eingehenden Untersuchung der Person und beurteilt den Einsatz von Robotik und KI mit seinen unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen in der Pflege für alle Betroffenen, sowohl Pflegefachkräfte als auch Pflegebedürftige, anhand des ganzheitlichen Personkonzepts von Paul Ricœur aus theologisch-ethischer Perspektive
„Das habe ich in der kirchlichen Jugendarbeit gelernt ...“ – Kompetenzerwerb bei Führungskräften durch Projektplanung und -organisation in der jugendpastoralen Arbeit
No full textGibt es einen Zusammenhang zwischen ehemals in der kirchlichen Jugendarbeit Tätigen und ihrer jetzigen beruflichen Führungstätigkeit? In einem partizipativ, projekt- und produktorientiert angelegten Schwerpunktstudium im Bereich Jugendpastoral an der KU Eichstätt-Ingolstadt wurden Führungskräfte in Politik, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft nach ihren Führungskompetenzen befragt, die möglicherweise in der kirchlichen Jugendarbeit grundgelegt wurden. Vorhandene Zusammenhänge werden mittels Methoden der qualitativen Sozialforschung überprüft. Im Fokus des Interesses steht dabei auch, welche Rolle Empowerment und Ermutigung für die persönliche jugendpastorale Arbeit spielen und welche Beteiligungsprozesse für eine zukunftsfähige Weltgestaltung notwendig sind
Community and Consumer Dynamics in NFTs : Understanding Digital Asset Value Through Social Engagement
No full textWhile non-fungible tokens (NFTs) have emerged as a significant blockchain application, research has largely focused on market dynamics rather than consumer behavior. Through in-depth interviews with 21 NFT consumers and a netnographic analysis of Discord interactions (109,517 words), this study develops a comprehensive framework explaining the evolution from initial purchase to sustained or discontinued interest in NFTs. The findings reveal that while profit expectations drive initial purchases, strong community bonds and social identity formation are crucial for maintaining engagement. Specifically, active community participation, both before and after purchases, creates a self-reinforcing cycle where engagement directly influences NFT valuation. However, unfulfilled profit expectations and perceived community abandonment by project leaders often lead to disillusionment. The study extends the Need-to-Belong and Social Identity Theory to the digital asset context, demonstrating how NFT communities serve as platforms for identity expression and emotional support, transcending purely financial motivations. For practitioners, the findings suggest that sustainable NFT projects should prioritize community building and transparent leadership over short-term speculation. This research provides the first longitudinal analysis of NFT consumer behavior, offering insights into how digital assets can create enduring value through social engagement rather than merely speculative trading
Catholic Theology in a Time of Upheaval and Transition : the German-Speaking Regions, 1750–1850
No full textThis book deals with a politically and intellectually exciting period in the history of Catholicism. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, massive changes took place, especially in the German-speaking regions. First, the Holy Roman Empire ceased to exist, and new states emerged. Secondly, the Enlightenment exercised a significant effect on the wider culture, as did Classical German Philosophy. Both aspects had a significant impact on Catholic theology, too. Benjamin Dahlke offers a comprehensive account of these developments which have influenced Catholicism up to this day. In this sense, the book enables the reader to identify lasting substantive challenges and to gain a clearer understanding of the institutional framework of Catholic theology
Chapter 10: Indices
No full textA number of indices has been proposed to assess hydrological or sediment connectivity. These indices operate at different spatial scales, address different types of connectivity (hillslope-channel vs. longitudinal connectivity), are based on different spatial units (raster cell, landform, channel reach, sub-/catchment) and approaches (geomorphological mapping, digital elevation models, network analysis). Temporal constraints for the application of indices exist as connectivity depends on the magnitude of hydrometeorological forcing, and is subject to changes in landscape properties. Connectivity indices are based on variables and assumptions with respect to space and time. We review existing indices of different characteristics (raster, effective catchment area, networks) together with examples, and distinguish two types of their application: descriptive applications in which indices are used to describe spatial patterns of water and sediment (coupled and decoupled) pathways for a point or period of time; and as predictors of connectivity and its consequences (e.g., sediment transfer, sensitivity to change). Opportunities and challenges for research in connectivity indices are discussed
Profiling teachers’ motivation for professional development : A nationwide study
No full textSituated in the context of advanced placement (AP) reform in the United States, we investigated profiles of teachers’ motivation for participating in professional development (PD) courses in a two-cohort sample of nt1 = 2,369 and nt2 = 2,170 chemistry teachers via multilevel latent class analysis. In addition, the study investigated to what extent profile membership was related to factors at the teacher, school, and PD levels. Participation in PD courses was associated with one of three profiles, labeled “reform-motivated,” “convenience-motivated,” and “interaction-motivated.” Participation in PD courses was more likely to be reform-motivated if a teacher had a major in chemistry, more experience teaching AP, more positive attitudes toward PD, or higher enactment of AP redesign in the classroom, or if the PD course was formal and face-to-face. The results show that teachers have different motivations for participating in PD courses and provide insight into how to engage teachers in professional learning
Societal Attitudes Toward Service Robots : Adore, Abhor, Ignore, or Unsure?
No full textSocietal or population-level attitudes are aggregated patterns of different individual attitudes, representing collective general predispositions. As service robots become ubiquitous, understanding attitudes towards them at the population (vs. individual) level enables firms to expand robot services to a broad (vs. niche) market. Targeting population-level attitudes would benefit service firms because: (1) they are more persistent, thus, stronger predictors of behavioral patterns and (2) this approach is less reliant on personal data, whereas individualized services are vulnerable to AI-related privacy risks. As for service theory, ignoring broad unobserved differences in attitudes produces biased conclusions, and our systematic review of previous research highlights a poor understanding of potential heterogeneity in attitudes toward service robots. We present five diverse studies (S1–S5), utilizing multinational and “real world” data (N total = 89,541; years: 2012–2024). Results reveal a stable structure comprising four distinct attitude profiles (S1–S5): positive (“adore”), negative (“abhor”), indifferent (“ignore”), and ambivalent (“unsure”). The psychological need for interacting with service staff, and for autonomy and relatedness in technology use, function as attitude profile antecedents (S2). Importantly, the attitude profiles predict differences in post-interaction discomfort and anxiety (S3), satisfaction ratings and service evaluations (S4), and perceived sociability and uncanniness based on a robot’s humanlikeness (S5)
Raumentwicklung für eine gute Zukunft : Jetzt die große Transformation gestalten. Ergebnisse der ARL-Tagung am 7. & 8. November 2024 in Radolfzell am Bodensee (Bodensee-Protokoll)
No full textWie kann die Diskrepanz zwischen dem Anspruch an eine Raumentwicklung, die vom Gedanken einer starken Nachhaltigkeit geleitet und auf das Ziel einer großen Transformation orientiert ist, und einer oftmals ernüchternden Wirklichkeit der Planungspraxis verringert werden? Die vorgestellten elf Botschaften, jeweils verknüpft mit einem Zukunftsbild und einer Reihe von zugehörigen Maßnahmen und Vorgehensweisen, fassen die Diskussionen aus der Perspektive von Tagungsteilnehmenden aus Planungspraxis und Wissenschaft zusammen. Sie sind das Ergebnis einer zweitägigen Tagung. Die Aussagen adressieren die Bedingungen bzw. die institutionelle Ausgestaltung transformativer Planung als öffentliche Aufgabe, verdeutlichen einzelne Handlungsansätze und Instrumente für Raumplanung und Landesentwicklung und zeigen Perspektiven für das Verwaltungshandeln auf. Das vorliegende Positionspapier baut auf dem Positionspapier aus der ARL 148 auf