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Framework to Support Radiologist Personnel in the Diagnosis of Diseases in Medical Images Using Deep Learning and Personalized DICOM Tags
No full textTechnological innovations in the healthcare field have allowed medical images to be widely used in the diagnostic care of patients since medical personnel can analyze different body organs to identify any disease through these images. The analysis of these images is entirely within the domain of the specialist, who, based on his/her experience, interprets them and discloses the results to the patient. This paper presents the architecture of a framework that seeks to support the decision-making of medical personnel regarding the diagnosis of diseases. The framework integrates custom tags in the metadata of Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine(DICOM) files. The tags contain the classification results of supervised learning models. Different convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures trained on medical images were developed using transfer learning and existing pre-trained CNNs to evaluate the framework’s performance. A web viewer was also developed to show medical personnel
the custom tags. Due to the characteristics of the framework, its use could be extended to patients so that they could obtain a preliminary diagnosis and go to the doctor as soon as possible, which could be crucial
Circadian Regulation of Fatty Acid Metabolism in Humans: Is There Evidence of an Optimal Time Window for Maximizing Fat Oxidation During Exercise?
No full textExercise training performed at the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation improves cardiovascular function and meta-bolic health while simultaneously reducing visceral adipose tissue in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes. Indeed, it is currently considered an efficient non-pharmacological approach for the prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic disor-ders. Over the last 5years, several studies have reported a diurnal variation in both resting fat oxidation as well as maximal fat oxidation recorded during submaximal intensity exercise. Higher fat oxidation has been recorded during the evening in comparison with the early morning, although this has not been universally observed. If evening exercise increases fat oxida-tion, then this timing of exercise may be preferable for the reversal of cardiometabolic diseases. However, the physiological and molecular mechanisms behind the circadian regulation of fatty acid metabolism have not yet been fully elucidated. The present review thus aims to describe the circadian rhythmicity of several hormones, metabolites, and enzymes involved in fatty acid mobilization and oxidation. Furthermore, we discuss the relevance of circadian mitochondrial dynamics and oxida-tive phosphorylation to fatty acid metabolism. To conclude our discussion, we highlight those biological (e.g., age and sex) and lifestyle factors (e.g., sleep quality/disturbances or physical activity) that potentially influence the circadian regulation of fatty metabolism and which therefore should be considered for a tailored exercise prescription
Optimization of laminated composite materials configuration using neural networks and simulated annealing
No full textThe optimization of laminated composite materials is one of the main challenges in the design of structural components or systems due to the influence of multiple parameters on their performance and mechanical response to deformation. This research uses a metamodel based on artificial neural networks to predict performance indices, specifically the Tsai-Wu failure index, from the configuration of a laminated composite material subject to loads, considering thicknesses and fiber orientations. The metamodel feeds an objective function designed to improve the configuration of a part by optimizing fiber orientations. A simulated annealing algorithm adapted for laminated composite materials is combined with neural networks, generating a solution space that offers the designer a wide range of options to approach the analysis of the problem. The reported method is an efficient alternative to the traditional method of analyzing laminated composite materials, streamlining the process, and expanding the configuration possibilities available for selection
Various Approaches to the Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles
No full textThis chapter offers a comprehensive exploration of magnetic nanoparticles, covering their introduction and the intricacies of magnetism at the nanoscale. It explores the superparamagnetism phenomena and gives a summary of the various biomedical uses for magnetic nanoparticles. The main goal is a thorough examination of synthetic methods for producing magnetic nanoparticles. Physical techniques like gas-phase synthesis, laser-induced pyrolysis, and high-energy ball milling, as well as chemical techniques including chemical coprecipitation, sol-gel, and solution combustion are examined. The chapter ends with some insightful observations that will be helpful to both researchers and practitioners in the subject
Recovery of residual polyamide (PA12) from polymer powder bed fusion additive manufacturing process through a binder jetting process
No full textPurpose
This study aims to propose the reuse of PA12 (powder) in another AM process, binder jettiinng, which is less sensitive to the chemical and mechanical degradation of the powder after multiple cycles in the laser system.
Design/methodology/approach
The experimental process for evaluating the reuse of SLS powders in a subsequent binder jetting process consists of four phases: powder characterization, bonding analysis, mixture testing and mixture characteristics. Analyses were carried out using techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and stress–strain tests for tension and compression. The surface roughness, color, hardness and density of the new mixture were also determined to find physical characteristics. A Taguchi design L8 was used to search for a mixture with the best mechanical strength.
Findings
The results indicated that the integration of waste powder PA12 with calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) generates appropriate particle distribution with rounded particles of PA12 that improve powder flowability. The micropores observed with less than 60 µm, facilitated binder and infiltrant penetration on 3D parts. The 60/40 (CSH-PA12) mixture with epoxy resin postprocessing was found to be the best-bonded mixture in mechanical testing, rugosity and hardness results. The new CSH-PA12 mixture resulted lighter and stronger than the CSH powder commonly used in binder jetting technology.
Originality/value
This study adds value to the polymer powder bed fusion process by using its waste in a circular process. The novel reuse of PA12 waste in an established process was achieved in an accessible and economical manner
La incidencia de la normatividad en el desarrollo urbano de Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua, México
No full textLa poca o nula normatividad para utilización de vacíos urbanos dentro de la ciudad, así como la carencia de instrumentos de regulación de suelo en desuso, han propiciado que la extensión territorial de Ciudad Juárez Chihuahua, México, sea de manera desordenada y persiga intereses particulares. Por otro lado, la creación de fraccionamientos en zonas periurbanas, donde se edifica vivienda mínima para trabajadores de la industria maquiladora tienen como característica el abandono y deterioro, generándose así problemáticas en las condiciones de habitabilidad, tanto en la vivienda como en lo urbano. Para el presente escrito se presenta el análisis realizado en el fraccionamiento Senderos de San Isidro, localizado en los límites de la ciudad, donde se utilizó como estrategia metodológica un cuestionario y recorridos de campo, con la finalidad de identificar algunos aspectos sobre el estado de abandono y deterioro, así como de percepción de la zona por parte de los habitantes. La situación actual del fraccionamiento indica desatención y descuido, con problemáticas de abandono y deterioro latentes, que requieren atención, también se muestran pobres condiciones de habitabilidad, lo que afectan la calidad de vida de los habitantes
Synthesis of a 45S5 bioactive glass cementitious resin bonded composite material fororthodontic applications
No full textA composite material based on 45S5 bioactive glass and commercial cementitious resin fororthodontic applications, was obtained, taking two commercial resins as control. The bioactiveglass was synthesized using sol-gel and stabilizing the dry gel using microwave assistance for 6minutes, obtaining an amorphous material with good dimensional stability and transparency. Acomposite material was prepared using Transbond cementitious resin and 8% 45S5 bioactive glass.The resulting composite was subjected to degradation tests to determine the effect of artificialsaliva on this material degradation over a period of one month. Sample composite degradation andthe fluid pH variations were analyzed via SEM/EDS. Composite bioactivity was determined byexposing the material to simulated physiological fluid (SBF), showing the formation of biologicalapatite layers on the materials’ surface. The composite ́s mechanical properties were analyzed byadhering the brackets with the composite material to previously preserved human dental pieces andthe shear strength of the composite was determined along with the tension strength between theresin teeth interface. Analyzes were performed by triplicate. A Statistical ANOVA analysis wasperformed to determine significant mechanical test results. These data showed that the synthesizedcomposite material exhibited better bioactivity, mechanical and degradational properties comparedto the commercial resins
Mapeo de alteraciones hidrotermales mediante el uso de combinaciones de banda de imágenes satelitales con fines de prospección geotérmica en la zona norte del estado de Chihuahua, México
No full texthttps://www.mjshae.org/2024/12/mapeo-de-alteraciones-hidrotermales.htm
Optimización de procesos en una línea de producción en una empresa de Ciudad Juárez
No full texthttps://revistaneyart.com/neyart/issue/view/
Diferencias salariales y manufactura en la Región Frontera Norte de México 2006-2018
No full textEl mercado laboral en la Frontera Norte de México presenta diferencias salariales de forma intrarregional debido a la alta concentración de las actividades económicas en las grandes ciudades. Este trabajo revela la precarización del trabajo dadas las características de la producción manufacturera mediante la construcción del Índice de Desarrollo Manufacturero (IDM) y el análisis del ingreso de los trabajadores con base en la ecuación de Mincer. Entre los principales resultados se observa que la homogeneidad que caracteriza a la región en los puestos de trabajo, es poco representativa del nivel de desarrollo dentro de la región. También se encontró que los factores explicativos de las diferencias salariales se centran en el tipo de trabajo, educación, sexo, experiencia laboral; las prestaciones extrasalariales y la distribución diferenciada de desarrollo de la zona de estudio que propicia una concentración del ingreso en pocos municipios de la región con un alto nivel de desarrollo manufacturero