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Pirólisis una opción para la obtención de combustibles renovables
No full textEn una época en la que el cuidado del medio ambiente es una premisa, la búsqueda por combustibles verdes, así como el reaprovechamiento de los diversos materiales son una constante, a este respecto la pirólisis surge como una alternativa para obtener un mayor provecho de diversos desechos orgánicos. La pirólisis es un proceso térmico mediante el cual se pueden obtener diversos productos susceptibles de convertirse en combustibles. Las condiciones experimentales bajo las cuáles se lleva a cabo este proceso determinan en gran medida los productos finales a obtener. En este trabajo se describe el proceso de pirólisis, sus principales características, los productos que se pueden obtener de la pirósisis y finalmente, se hace una crítica a los beneficios que esta técnica aporta.
¿Qué desafíos éticos plantea la inteligencia artificial generativa?
No full textLa inteligencia artificial generativa presenta desafíos éticos importantes, como riesgos a la privacidad, derechos de autor y desinformación. Sin una regulación adecuada, su uso podría violar la privacidad y difundir contenido falso, afectando valores democráticos. Para que sus beneficios no generen riesgos, es muy importante tener un enfoque ético basado en derechos humanos, transparencia y responsabilidad
Regulation of ai in the judicial process: challenges and opportunities in Latin America
No full textThis paper examines the implementation of artificial intelligence (ai) in Latin America’s judicial systems, highlighting the necessary balance between the potential benefits and the ethical and legal challenges it poses. In the context of increasing digitalization, the study focuses on how ai can improve efficiency and consistency in the administration of justice while addressing issues such as algorithmic bias, lack of transparency, and data protection. Using a qualitative approach based on a literature review and comparative analysis of cases in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, and Mexico, patterns were identified, and country-specific challenges and opportunities were assessed. The findings reveal that although ai has streamlined judicial processes, serious concerns remain about fairness and transparency in automated decisions, and there is an inadequacy in current legal frameworks to regulate these technologies adequately. The article proposes a robust and adaptive regulatory framework that incorporates principles of accountability, fairness, and human control, along with regional collaboration, to ensure that ai is used ethically and that it promotes justice in the Latin American justice system
Scenarios for replacement of electric resistive space heating by a geothermal heat pump - Environmental amortization
No full texthttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0960148124006530?via%3Dihu
The Severity of Gastrointestinal Disorders and Autistic-Like Behaviors Could Be Associated with a Selective Humoral Response to Bovine Milk Caseins: A Case Series
No full textSevere gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) and food hypersensitivity are tightly associated in young individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Here, we explored the relationship of GIS (gastrointestinal severity index, ROMA IV criteria, Bristol scale), ASD-like behaviors (Childhood Autism Rating Scale), and certain sociodemographic/clinical traits (epidemiological survey) with serum immunoreactivity (IgG, IgA, IgE titers) towards bovine milk caseins (BMC; by ELISA) and subfractions (by immunoblotting) in thirty-one pediatric patients (~3–15 y, 77% male) with mild-to-severe GIS and ASD-like behaviors. In total, 42%, 25%, and 23% of all participants exhibited no (IgG−/IgA−), mono (IgG+/IgA−), or dual (IgG+/IgA+) immunoreactivity to BMC, respectively; the trend was significantly associated with the severity of the GIS and ASD-like behaviors, regurgitations, and self-reported allergies (OR: 1 → (1.9–3.1) → 13.5–16.0)]. No IgE+ response to BMC was found. Dual responders were α > κ > β-casein, though nonspecific reactivity to other protein fractions was also observed. The IgA+ > IgG+ but not IgE+ response to BMC (mainly α-casein) seems to be related to the severity of GIS and ASD-like behaviors, although a larger number of ASD patients are needed to draw a causal associatio
Lithium Niobate Perovskite as the Support for Silver Nanoparticles for Non-Enzymatic Electrochemical Detection of Glucose
No full text: Lithium niobate perovskite and silver nanoparticle-based nanocomposites (LNB:AgNPs)
were explored for developing an electrochemical glucose sensor. The perovskite to silver nanoparticle
ratios investigated were 4:1, 1:1, 1:2, 2:1, and 1:4. Among these, the 4:1 ratio, with the lowest silver
content, demonstrated the most stable performance during glucose quantification via amperometry.
The sensor’s response was evaluated measuring the current at a fixed potential of 0.7 V following the
injection of 1 mM glucose with each addition. The calibration curve obtained from the recorded data
exhibited a linear response within the 1 to 15 mM glucose concentration range, achieving a sensitivity
of 2 µA/mM, a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.997), and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.5 µM. The
LNB4:1AgNP composite allowed taking advantage of the unique properties of both components in a
balanced manner, maximizing the sensor performance in practical applications
VICTIM'S PUBLIC DEFENDERS IN HEARINGS BASED ON THE BOUNDED RATIONALITY PERSPECTIVE. THE CASE OF MORELOS
No full textLiterature regarding the role of victims' public defenders in the criminal procedure concludes that, in most cases, they represent them passively in hearings. At the same time, it is observed that the justice system maintains an institutional asymmetry in detriment of the commissions of assistance to victims or similar. Nonetheless, these studies are based on a normative perspective, interested more in describing how victims' public defenders should behave rather than in understanding how they actually do. This article presents a qualitative case study of victims' public defenders in the state of Morelos. The framework of bounded rationality is used to argue that their performance is neither fully optimal nor based entirely on legal doctrine, but is influenced by internal and external factors. Specifically, institutional asymmetry is analyzed as an external factor affecting their intervention in hearings. Non-participant observation of hearings and semi-structured interviews are used. It is concluded that legal advisors have had to develop hearing intervention practices to deal with some consequences of institutional asymmetry, which, however, could undermine the minimum adequate protection of victims' rights
Identification of Amino Acids and Polyphenolic Metabolites in Human Plasma by UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS, after the Chronic Intake of a Functional Meal in an Elderly Population
No full textNovel foods especially formulated and targeted for the elderly population should provide
sufficient nutrients and bioactive ingredients to counteract the natural age-related deterioration of
various organs and tissues. Dietary protein and phenolic compounds achieve this goal; however,
older adults have alterations in their gastrointestinal system that may impact their bioavailability and
few studies have been aimed at this population. Since phenolic compounds are the subject of multiple
biotransformations by host and microbiome enzymes during the digestion process, identification of
their bioavailable forms in human plasma or tissues represents a considerable analytical challenge.
In this study, UHPLC-ESI-QTOF/MS-MS, chemometrics, and multivariate statistical methods were
used to identify the amino acids and phenolic compounds that were increased in the plasma of
elderly adults after a 30-day intervention in which they had consumed an especially formulated
muffin and beverage containing Brosimum alicastrum Sw. seed flour. A large interindividual variation
was observed regarding the amino acids and phenolic metabolites identified in the plasma samples,
before and after the intervention. Three phenolic metabolites were significantly increased in the
population after the intervention: protocatechuic acid, 5-(methoxy-4′-hydroxyphenyl) valerolactone,
and phloretic acid. These metabolites, as well as others that were not significantly increased (although
they did increase in several individuals), are probably the product of the microbiota metabolism of
the major phenolic compounds present in the B. alicastrum Sw. seed flour and other food ingredients.
A significant decrease in 4-ethyl-phenol, a biomarker of stress, was observed in the samples. Results
showed that the incorporation of foods rich in phenolic compounds into the regular diet of older
adults contributes to the increase in bioactive compounds in plasma, that could substantially benefit
their mental, cardiovascular, and digestive health
Diseño de un sistema de absorción de energía para el aterrizaje de módulosde exploración espacial
No full textActualmente la exploración espacial está convirtiéndose en una actividad cada vez más importante desde que permiten aumentar el conocimiento en cuanto a la formación de planetas, actividades económicas (minería espacial) así como un mejor entendimiento de fenómenos geológicos y biológicos que permitan en el futuro la creación de hábitats humanosfuera del planeta Tierra.En este sentido, uno de los principales problemas de la exploración espacial está asociado al aterrizaje seguro de las sondas espaciales. A partir de lo anterior el presente artículo propone el diseño de un sistema de absorción de energía del tipo pasivo basado en deformación plástica de perfiles estructurales de aluminio. Para tal propósito se diseñaron y evaluaron individualmente perfiles estructurales con diversas formas geométricas utilizando el software de elementos finitos Abaqus. La evaluación numérica se realizó a través de ensayos de compresión en conjunto con el cálculo de los principales parámetros de resistencia al impacto. Los resultados mostraron un mejordesempeño del perfil CH-Cel cual obtuvo la mejor eficiencia de fuerza de aplastamiento (CFE) igual a 0.83. A partir de lo anterior se implementóen un modelo discreto de un módulo de aterrizaje