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A Pioneering Approach to Predicting the Shear Strength of RC Beams by Employing Artificial Intelligence Techniques
No full textShear failures exhibit a brittle nature, often resulting in catastrophic collapse without sufficient advance warning or the capacity to redistribute internal stresses. Consequently, shear failures pose a greater risk and require more attention from structural engineers. It is crucial to incorporate preventive measures in structural design to avoid abrupt shear failures. The work presented in this article attempts to predict the shear strength of reinforced concrete beams as a complex structural engineering problem without the need for extra computational resources by employing the capabilities of Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques. In recent decades,
significant amounts of research have been done on the AI
methods such as artificial neural networks (ANNs), fuzzy
logic and genetic algorithms to predict the shear strength of
RC beams. In this research, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference
system (ANFIS) and ANNs are developed to predict the
shear capacity of RC beams. The required data in the form
of major factors affecting the shear capacity of RC beams
lacking stirrups are compressive strength of concrete, beam
depth, effective width, shear span-to-depth ratio, proportion of longitudinal steel and the yield strength of the reinforced longitudinal steel have been considered in this study. Also, in the context of this investigation, a comparison was conducted between the techniques of ANNs and ANFIS. The outcomes demonstrated that both methods exhibited favourable predictive capabilities. Nevertheless, the ANFIS architecture proposed, which incorporates a hybrid learning algorithm, outperformed the multilayer feedforward ANN that utilizes the backpropagation algorithm. The findings indicated that
ANFIS is a suitable technique for predicting intricate
relationships between input and output parameters, thus
making it a valuable tool in predicting the shear strength of
RC beams
Zero-inflated regression models for measuring accident
Full text linkWorldwide, hundreds of thousands of deaths and thousands more are injured every year in traffic accidents
around the world. This is owing to an increase in road traffic throughout time, as well as a wide range of traffic
compositions. Nowadays, road accidents have become a major concern, and analyzing accidents data has become an
important concern for analysts. Therefore, analysis of accidents data requires a lot of attention because accident data is
very complex. The road accidents process results in various frequency calculations, for example, deaths and injured
number, and/or involved cars in the accidents. However, the probability distribution governing the occurrence of this
count may be different. In addition to the problem of excess zeros, lack of data is a common occurrence in results of
traffic accidents. Thus, this study discusses the use of the zero-inflated model in analyzing traffic accidents and the
variables used by the researchers by reviewing the literature related to the use of zero-inflated models in accident cases.
To find a better zero-inflated model that can be used to calculate accident data and to identify the variables that are
commonly used to calculate traffic accidents. The result showed that the models that are more widely used by researchers
to calculate traffic accidents are commonly known as (ZINB) the zero-inflated negative binomial model and (ZIP) the
zero-inflated Poisson model. Both model types have been used since they are approaches for resolving the problem of
overdispersio
Daylight-adaptive lighting control techniques: a comparative analysis of particle swarm optimization and firefly algorithm
Full text linkLighting in commercial buildings consumes a
substantial amount of energy. Therefore, this paper developed
particle swarm optimization (PSO) and firefly algorithm (FA)
as control techniques for lighting systems to improve energy
efficiency and satisfy occupantsꞌ visual comfort in an indoor
environment. An office room was considered to test the
performance of the PSO and FA techniques. The proposed
methods showed superior performance in minimizing the cost
of energy consumption by more than 60% while satisfying
illuminance-based metrics mentioned by the European
Standard EN 12464-1. Based on the comparative result, PSO
outperformed FA by 3% in energy savings. Due to its
performance, the proposed PSO method can be utilized for
other types of building
Effect of Na2CO3/Al2O3 ratio on the calcium fluoroaluminosilicate-based bioactive glass-ceramics derived from waste materials
No full textThe development and fabrication of bioactive glass (bioglass)-ceramics derived from waste materials enhance the mechanical properties of calcium fluoroaluminosilicate based bioglass-ceramics for biomedical applications. This
study aims to examine the effect of the Na2CO3/Al2O3 ratio on the 44SLS-(20-x) Na2CO3-24ES-6P2O5-6CaF2- xAl2O3 system where x = (0,3,6, and 9 wt%) as well as its mechanical performance. Structural and microstructural properties were analysed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In the interim, the density of glass ceramic samples was measured using the method of Archimedes. Afterwards, the bioglass ceramics with the Na2CO3/Al2O3 ratio of 11/9 sintered at 950 ◦C exhibited excellent results in terms of density that is 2.734 g/cm3 . XRD analysis also confirmed the increase in crystallisation of anorthite, fluorapatite and nacaphite. Moreover, SEM analysis revealed the morphology of round-shaped fluorapatite with a variation in the size of sintered glass ceramics. The optimal compressive strength of 136.58 MPa is in the range of human
cortical bone
Design and simulation of DC-DC buck-boost converter with voltage source inverter using MATLAB/Simulink for BLDC motor drives
Full text linkThe brushless DC (BLDC) motor is frequently employed in various applications, as it has excellent features compared with those of the conventional brushed DC motor. Furthermore, the BLDC motor is electrically commuted by power switches, resulting in higher reliability, more significant dynamic response, and longer operating life. A three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) is fed to the BLDC motor to operate, as it has better performance at low speeds. The inverter operates in 120° and 180° conduction modes. In this paper, a DC-DC buck-boost converter was implemented to act as thestep-up or step-down transformer for the system, as it offershigh efficiency across extensive input and output voltage ranges. A simulation using MATLAB/Simulink software was carriedout with different duty cycles, and the result was analyzed.Based on the results obtained, the overshoot percentage was5.22% with a settling time of 0.042
Experimental and theoretical DFT study of hydrothermally synthesized MoS2-doped-TiO2 nanocomposites for photocatalytic application
No full textTwo-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) have shown considerable potential in photocatalytic applications. In the present research, the hydrothermal technique was used to prepare 2D MoS2, TiO2, and 2D layered structured with basic ration formulation as MoS2(1-x)TiO2x (X = 5 %, 10 %w/w) nanocomposites as an effective catalyst for degradation of aqueous methylene blue (M.B.) under controlled light radiations. The GGA-PBE computed approach was used to estimate the energy bandgap (Eg), electronic, and optical properties of 2D MoS2, TiO2, and MoS2(1-x)TiO2x (X = 5 %, 10 %) by density functional quantum computing simulation. The TiO2 nanospheres were efficiently decorated on the surface of layered of MoS2 and some of nanospheres mixed into layered matrix. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) investigate the
morphology and crystal phase structure of the samples. Experimental and theoretical results related the energy
bandgap (Eg) of the 2D layered structure of MoS2, TiO2, and MoS2(1-x)TiO2x (5 %, 10 % w/w) shows a decrement trend 1.56, 2.4, 1.02, and 0.5 eV respectively with increasing doping percentages. The observed extra gamma active states of MoS2(1-x)TiO2x (X = 5 %, 10 % w/w) are found to be generated and contributed to the creation of conduction and valance bands as the result of the decremented of their energy bandgap. The optical conductance was increased from 2.5 to 9.8 Ω− 1 cm− 1 with a bandgap decrement of 2.4–0.5 eV in the ultraviolet–visible spectrum region. Exploration of theoretical and experimental results of this work, the MoS2(1-x)TiO2x (5 %, 10 % w/w) show increment in absorbance from 1.4 × 105 to 4.5 × 105 cm− 1 and 0.6 cm− 1 to 1.25 cm− 1 respectively.
The most interesting result is at the peak of 650 nm wavelength, as it is considered a proficient photo-catalyst
material due to the enhanced absorption surface area for exposure of light and decrement of the photogenerated charge recombination rate and increment of the charge transportation with the inclusion of TiO2. The breakdown of methylene blue within 15 min confirmed that the prepared MoS2(1-x)TiO2x nanocomposite was a stable, and cost-effective material for photocatalytic application
Spatial and temporal analysis of marine water pollution in Port Klang: developing a GIS database for assessing patterns and trends
Full text linkThis study focuses on the assessment of marine water quality in Port Klang, with a
particular emphasis on the spatial and temporal analysis of water quality parameters. The
research investigates the sources of water pollution in the area, including industrial waste, nonpoint sources, heavy metals, and land use. The study utilizes geographic information systems
(GIS) and the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) interpolation technique to map marine water
quality parameters and analyze their spatial distribution. Additionally, a temporal analysis is
conducted to identify trends, seasonal variations, and irregularities in water quality over an
eight-month period. The study reveals TSS and O&G exceeding the allowable limits in certain
locations. However, the analysis demonstrates a decreasing trend in TSS and O&G
concentrations over time, indicating positive developments in water quality. The findings
underscore the importance of continued monitoring and the implementation of pollution
control measures to ensure sustainable and healthy marine water ecosystems in Port Klan
Correlation analysis on crash factor in Surabaya-Manyar toll road
Full text linkCrash investigators can create crash-solving and preventive goals by knowing crash's elements, such as the
number, type, factor, and element. Human factors, vehicle, road conditions, and environment are the four types of
elements that influence the risk of a crash. Surabaya-Manyar Toll Road has been the main link between Surbaya and
Jakarta since 1993. There were 149 crashes between 2014 and 2018, with seven fatalities. An investigation and prevention
strategy might be devised to improve safety on the road. This study analyzed and discussed the correlation between crash
number and volume, factor, time occurred, and road length analysis. Data on the volume of vehicles and frequency of
accidents on the Surabaya-Manyar Toll Road between 2014 and 2018 were gathered through a collaborative effort
between the Highway Patrol division of the East Java Regional Police and PT. Margabumi Matraraya, the toll road's
management company. The result showed that the vehicle factor, human factor, time 06.00-18.00, and daily average were
all significantly correlated to the crash number (0.933, 0.505, 0.984, and 0.078), while the road factor, environment
factor, and time 19.00-05.00 were not significantly correlated to the crash number (-.0539, 0.616, and -0.519). These
implications prompted the following analysis of preventive and action in order to determine the primary factor
influencing the number of crashes, which has a strong association to be investigate
Observational study on communication in mixed traffic scenarios: Autonomous vehicle versus pedestrian
Full text linkThis paper discusses the interaction between a pedestrian and autonomous vehicle during crossing the zebra
lane by using inference statistical analysis. In this study, a video-based experiment was carried out at the university
campus. On a straight road, two Perodua Myvi were utilized to test vehicle behaviour (yielding, non-yielding), driving
style (assertive, defensive), and vehicle appearances (autonomous, manual) over distances of 100 m, 75 m, 50 m, and
25 m. The driver is dressed in a suit that hides the driver to signify that the driver is invisible to the pedestrian. Sixtysix (66) individuals were shown either manually or automatically operating the vehicle. Participants were asked to rate
their decision to cross the road when the vehicle approached at the pre-defined distances. According to the findings,
the vehicle’s driving style and appearance has no substantial impact on participants' willingness to cross the zebra lane.
For both automated and manually driven vehicles, the vehicle's behaviour had a considerable impact on pedestrians'
willingness to cross a road. There was also no statistically significant (p>0.05) three-way interaction between vehicle
behaviour, driving style, and vehicle appearance. There was no statistically significant (p>0.05) simple two-way
interaction between vehicle behaviour and driving style. Finally, the experiment's limitations were reviewed, followed
by recommendations for future stud
Organic-inorganic PTAA-SiGe transparent optical materials performance analysis for photo device applications
Full text linkThe SiGe materials has currently received a lot of interest due to its application for the advancement of optoelectronics and related sensor technologies. Its promising stability, and band gap-dependent performance for both bulk and nano-crystalline properties are vital as optical materials. To investigate the electrical performance of SiGe active materials based photo device, the spin coated organic p-materials contact is developed on sputtered SiGe on Quartz and ITO glass substrates. Both Si0.8Ge0.2 and Si0.9Ge0.1 films greater than 85 % visible band transparency are predicted that the deposited SiGe is nano-crystalline nature. It is also revealed from absorption-based band gap, AFM grain size and XRD analysis. The transmittance of SiGe thin film is increased with the microstrain of the films as a result, better opto-electrical performance is displayed. Ge composition though slightly makes variation of lattice constant and strain effect however, relatively lower transmittance films greater current density is exhibited. A higher rectifying ratio for lower transparent SiGe material deposited on ITO glass substrate is shown in the dark. Transparency and optoelectrical performance viewpoint white light illuminated PTAA/Si0.8Ge0.2 is shown better on Quartz substrate whereas the dark analysis PTAA/Si0.9Ge0.1 is realized more favorable on ITO glass substrate