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CFD simulation study on the performance of a modified Ram Air Turbine (RAT) for power generation in aircrafts
No full textThe present paper aims to study the possibility of dispensing an auxiliary power unit
(APU) in an aircraft powered by fossil fuels to reduce air pollution. It particularly seeks to evaluate
the amount of power generated by the ram air turbine (RAT) using the novel counter-rotating
technique while characterizing its optimum axial distance. The ram air turbine (RAT), which is
already equipped in aircrafts, was enhanced to generate the amount of energy produced by the
APU. The approach was implemented by a CRRAT system. Six airfoil profiles were tested based
on 2D models and the best airfoil was chosen for implantation on the RAT and CRRAT systems.
The performance of the conventional single-rotor RAT and CRRAT were analyzed using FLUENT
software based on 3D models. The adopted numerical scheme was the Navier–Stokes equation with
k–ω SST turbulence modeling. The dynamic mesh and user-defined function (UDF) were used to
revolve the rotor turbine via wind. The results indicated that the FX63-137 airfoil profile showed a
higher performance in terms of the lift-to-drag ratio compared to the other airfoils. The optimum
axial distance between the two rotors was 0.087 m of the rotor diameter and the efficiency of the new
CRRAT increased to almost 45% compared to the single-rotor RAT
Surfactant effect in detergent formulation: a review
No full textThis paper reviews the properties, process and effect of surfactant in detergent
formulation. Surfactants are one of many different compounds that make up a detergent. They are
added to remove dirt from skin, clothes and household articles particularly in kitchens and
bathrooms. They are also used extensively in industry and can be produced from either synthetic or
natural raw materials. Their versatility makes them key to both the quality of modern life and many
different industries. Surfactants have an ability to mobilize and combine materials such as water,
oils, fats and solvents that otherwise would not mix due to their incompatible molecular properties.
Besides that, inherent chemical barriers, differences in molecular weight and surface or interfacial
tension between two different materials would normally make the substances difficult or impossible
to mix. When added to water as part of a detergent or cleaning formulation, surfactants form
structures called micelles. These micelles are small spheres made of surfactant molecules where the
tails attract and trap oil molecules while the heads of the micelle suspend them in water. Their
unique characteristics are critical to a diverse range of commercial and industrial processes that are
key to economic development, ranging from metal cleaning and textile processing to crop care and
oil production. Using the right surfactant in detergent formulation often makes products or
processes more efficient, less energy, water or resource intensive, and hence more sustainable. As a
result, surfactants are one of the most widely used groups of chemical substances in daily lif
Development of Automated People Counting System using Object Detection and Tracking
No full textThe emergence of automation in the current economic trend
promotes the usage of computer vision systems in various applications. Counting people in a specified area or on the street can bring many benefits in terms of security and marketing. The people counting system is one of the applications that utilize the computer vision system to count people with higher reliability and accuracy. Thus, this project is to develop an offline automated people counting
system based on captured video file input using MATLAB software and a notification system to update and send notifications about the number of occupants in a target area using ThingSpeak. For project development, simulation and
development of coding for object detection that involves deep learning approach, object tracking and counting, and development of notification system have been done. Three videos were taken to be used for three trials to evaluate the functionality and performance of the developed system. Based on the results and analysis, the system can perform people detection, people tracking and people counting on
the recorded input videos with high accuracy of 94.45%, visualize the data on the ThingSpeak platform and send notifications through Twitte