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AutoPot: An Innovative Urban Gardening with IoT-Enabled Watering System
Full text linkUrban living environments such as condominiums, apartments, flats,
and other high-rise buildings often lack personal garden spaces,
compelling residents to grow plants in pots. Residents who cultivate
plants in pots encounter difficulties in regulating watering routines,
necessitating irrigation during dry weather while refraining from
watering during humid weather. This can be particularly difficult for
those with busy work schedules. Therefore, there is a need for an
automated watering system to assist them in maintaining optimal soil
moisture levels without the constant need for manual intervention. The
AutoPot is proposed to address this gap by developing a prototype that
leverages IoT technology to optimize watering practices. The AutoPot
integrates sensors to monitor soil moisture, humidity, and temperature
levels in real-time, automatically activating a water pump when the soil
moisture drops below a preset threshold. This study evaluates the
AutoPot system based on its efficiency in watering plants by monitoring
soil moisture levels. The system's performance is assessed by its ability
to maintain optimal soil moisture, ensuring plants receive adequate
water without over- or under-watering. Data collected at regular
intervals demonstrate that the AutoPot successfully maintains soil
moisture, humidity, and temperature within desired ranges. Future
work will explore adaptive algorithms that adjust watering schedules
based on soil type, plant species, and growth stages to further optimize
water usage and plant health
Analysis of Driver Drowsiness Detection System Based on Landmarks and MediaPipe
Full text linkDriver drowsiness is one of the leading causes of traffic accidents, especially during long-distance journeys. This study developed a detection system based on landmarks and the MediaPipe framework to analyze drowsiness through eye blink duration. The system employs coordinate point initialization using regression trees to accurately detect objects, such as eyes. The research data consists of 30 videos, each lasting 30 seconds, collected from four Trans Java bus drivers. The videos were extracted to identify facial detection histograms and analyzed based on eye blink duration. The testing results showed a detection accuracy of 81% with an error rate of 19% for distances of 10 to 100 cm,
while testing with 30 videos achieved an average accuracy of 88.745% and a Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 7.615%. The test results show that CNN outperforms MediaPipe in detecting drowsiness, with a higher average accuracy of 76.79% compared to 73.83% and a lower MSE value of 47.33 compared to 48.27. CNN is also more consistent in handling extreme lighting variations, while MediaPipe excels in processing efficiency, making it suitable for devices with limited resources. This study demonstrates that the landmarks and MediaPipe-based system effectively and innovatively detects drowsiness, offering a solution to improve driver safety during trips
Behavioral Intentions toward the Adoption of Halal Auditing Mobile Apps in Malaysia
Full text linkObtaining halal certification is essential for companies to establish consumer trust in their products. However, the traditional, manual certification process poses significant challenges for halal auditors due to the extensive time needed to prepare checklists and complete applications. While technological advancements have transformed many industries, the halal sector, particularly the certification process, has seen limited adoption of these innovations. Nevertheless, some auditors are open to using technology to streamline their work. This study investigates the factors influencing the adoption of mobile auditing applications for halal certification using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. The model examines eight
factors: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, attitude toward technology, self-efficacy, anxiety, and behavioural intention. The study surveyed 552 users of mobile auditing apps in halal certification processes. Findings indicate that direct factors: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition and indirect factors: self-efficacy and attitude towards using the technology positively impact the intention to adopt these applications
Possible Cumulative Effect of Spice-Consumption on Mortality Rate and the Number of Genomic Variants (Sequence Reads) of SARSCoV-2: The USA vs. Higher Spice-Intake Countries
Full text linkBackground: The COVID-19 mortality rate of the USA was significantly higher than in countries that traditionally consume spicier diet. This study delves into the intriguing relationship between dietary spice consumption and SARS-CoV-2 virus genomic variants, aiming to shed light on potential factors contributing to differing mortality rates across countries with different amount of spice consumption, years before the pandemic began. Objective: To investigate the possibility that the mortality rate, the number of genomic variants and the type of mutation in the SARS-CoV-2 virus are the results (or cumulative effect) of years of dietary spice-consumption. Methods: Early in the pandemic (up to November 2020), selected ‘Sequence Reads Archive’ or SRA of DNA sequences were downloaded from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) SRA database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) with keyword ‘SARS-CoV-2’. A total 100 samples of DNA sequences from infected individuals of both lower and higher spice-intake countries were analyzed for the number of genomic
variants (sequence reads) and the major type of mutations between the two groups (i.e., USA vs. India, Bangladesh, Malaysia, Qatar and Egypt respectively) using bioinformatics platform ‘Galaxy’ (https://usegalaxy.eu/). Results: Data shows that the approximate spice consumption in the USA has been at all-time lower than the other spice-intake countries. In addition, the latter countries have a lower-mortality rate than the USA. Infected individuals from the US also have 15x higher number of variants in the ‘Spike’ protein region of the virus than
individuals from higher-spice group. Most of the mutations in the US were of missense-type. In contrast, frameshift-type mutation predominates in the higher spice-intake individuals resulting in apparent lowermortality rate. Conclusions: It is possible that after long-term consumption of immune-supporting spices as part of regular dietary nutrition, the higher spice-intake nations could be more resistant to the viral infection compared to the people who consumed American diet
Detection of Malathion in Ipomoea aquatica Using a Plasmonic Sensor Based on AgModified Gold Nanobipyramids
Full text linkMalathion is an organophosphate pesticide commonly used in agriculture to protect various crops, including Ipomea aquatica. I. aquatica is a widely consumed vegetable that is vulnerable to pests, such as caterpillars, which damage its leaves. Malathion is an insecticide effective against caterpillars on Ipomoea aquatica without affecting its internal tissues. However, excessive use of this pesticide may leave residues that pose risks to the environment and human health. This study aims to develop a plasmonic sensor based on silver-modified gold nanobipyramids (Ag-GNBPs) for malathion detection. This plasmonic sensor employs anisotropic gold nanomaterials, specifically silver-coated gold nanobipyramids, to enhance localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and improve detection sensitivity. Silver is used due to its high
electrical conductivity and responsiveness to electrical and light stimuli. Ag-GNBPs were synthesized using the seed-mediated growth method, and their optical, structural, and morphological properties were characterized via UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, and FESEM. The UV-Vis absorption spectrum exhibited transverse (T-SPR) and longitudinal (L-SPR) surface plasmon resonance peaks at 500-600 nm and 700-900 nm, respectively. Testing involved adding the analyte to the solution and analyzing LSPR spectrum changes via UV-Vis spectroscopy. The observed LSPR peak shifts correlated with malathion concentration, with enhanced sensitivity due to silver modification. The results demonstrated that the plasmonic sensor based on silvermodified gold nanobipyramids not only detected malathion with high accuracy but also exhibited high sensitivity at low concentrations, which is essential for environmental monitoring and food
safety applications. The optimal growth time for the seed-mediated growth method was 2 hours
Knowledge, Awareness, and Practice Towards Blood Donation Among UTHM Diploma Students
Full text linkThis study is conducted to compare the level of knowledge, attitude,
and practice level of blood donation between male and female students
in diploma programs in UTHM Pagoh. In this study, the significance
difference of knowledge, attitude and practices of blood donation based
on gender was also determined. Apart from that, the purpose of this
study is to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude,
and practice level of blood donation among diploma students in UTHM.
A cross-sectional survey was distributed to 200 diploma students in
UTHM Pagoh which consists of seven courses: Diploma in Applied
Science, Diploma in Chemical Engineering Technology, Diploma in
Electrical Engineering, Diploma in Civil Engineering, Diploma in
Mechanical Engineering, Diploma in Information Technology and
Diploma in Animation Technology using a Google Form questionnaire.
Data collected was analysed by using Statistical Package for Social
Sciences (SPSS) version 27. The result shows that female students have
more knowledge, attitude, and practice level of blood donation than
male students. Based on gender, there were no significant difference in
terms of knowledge, attitude and practices of blood donation among
UTHM diploma students. Most of female and male of diploma students
have a basic knowledge but poor attitude toward blood donation.
Moreover, they might have a basic knowledge regarding blood donation
but did not apply them in real life. They may have good attitude toward
blood donation, but they do not practice the proper way of blood
donation. Further research needs to be conducted to find effective ways
to spread awareness about the blood donation. It can increase the level
of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards blood donation
among diploma UTHM students
Perkembangan Pemahaman Fundamentalisme, SekularismeDanModernisme dalam Dunia Islam
No full textPemahaman fundamentalisme, sekularisme dan moderisme memiliki pengaruh yangbesarterhadap kebijakan dalam sebuah oragnisasi maupun sebuah gerakan dan negara. Dalamriset ini, penulis melakukan kajian terhadap perkembangan pemahaman tersebut dalamdunia Islam. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan dan memaparkansejarahperkembangan pemahaman fundamentalisme, sekularisme dan moderisme dalamduniaIslam. Riset ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan model library research. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan, bahwa Fundamentalisme, Sekularisme, dan Modernismedalam Islam adalah tiga pandangan yang muncul sebagai respons terhadap perubahansosial, politik, dan budaya. Fundamentalisme berusaha kembali ke ajaran dasar agama denganmenolak inovasi modern yang dianggap menyimpang, sementara Sekularisme memisahkanagama dari urusan publik dan politik, menjadikan agama sebagai urusanpribadi. Modernisme, di sisi lain, mencoba menyesuaikan ajaran agama dengan perkembanganzaman, menggabungkan nilai-nilai agama dengan kemajuan sosial, budaya, dan teknologi. Di Indonesia, ketiga pandangan ini berkembang seiring dengan dinamika sejarah, kolonialisme, dan pengaruh Barat, masing-masing mengambil bentuk dan pendekatan yang khas dalamkonteks lokal. Fundamentalisme menjadi respons terhadap modernisasi dan pengaruhasing, Sekularisme terwujud dalam pemisahan agama dari urusan negara, sementara Modernismeberusaha memadukan nilai-nilai Islam dengan kemajuan modern
A study on the effectiveness of railway turnout by using roller cradle assembly along Kelana Jaya trackwork
Full text linkMalaysia's railway transportation industry has faced significant
demand for increased train reliability. Railway turnouts are a specific track
system used to divert train direction, which is a vital component for enabling
rail operating flexibility. Passengers are directly affected by service
disruptions, forcing them to wait or pick alternative public transportation
options to get to their destination. This will lower service dependability and
consumer satisfaction. This study was conducted to assess the primary
failure connected to the permanent way subsystem, which is turnout
operation. The aim of this study was to do statistical analysis on the turnout
dry slide chair. The failure's major statistics were examined, as well as the
right solution, the primary cause improvement, and the efficiency, which
was proven by on-site testing. Normal practices were assessed to ensure their
effectiveness and to identify any areas for permanent improvement. The
proposed solution was evaluated to validate, compare, and determine the
parameters that influence the solution's effectiveness. This rigorous testing
result demonstrates that the underlying issue has been resolved, resulting in
an instant friction reduction of 64% to 83% for depot turnouts, as well as
better operational performanc
A Case Study: Innovation of Technology for Prototyping an Aquaponic Mobile Starter Pack in The TVET Syllabus Use Design Development & Research (DDR)
No full textThis study aims to develop a mobile Aquaponics Teaching Aid prototype starter pack for teaching purposes in the Design and Technology course, focusing
on rural schools in Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, Perak, and Pahang using the Design & Development Research (DDR) model. The implementation
involved various measurement techniques, including observations, interviews, and surveys in the first phase. Fuzzy Delphi and Delphi techniques were also
used in the second and third phases. A total of 18 experts were involved in the development of this product, including teachers who have served in several
schools and university lecturers. The structured research results indicate that the product improvement is highly necessary for the purpose of student
development in schools, as well as keeping up with the technological advancements of the present time. This will enable students in rural areas to compete in the exploration of knowledge, especially in the field of aquaponics systems and agriculture
Adsorption Efficiency of UV-Irradiated Polyvinyl AlcoholAlginate Adsorbent Beads for Chromium (VI) Removal
Full text linkDue to the risk of chromium (Cr) contamination, industrial waste emissions have become a global concern, necessitating an effective adsorption approach. Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) - alginate beads are a promising material for overcoming this problem. The present work aims to investigate the effect of ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation on the preparation of PVA-alginate beads throughout a range of UV irradiation durations, as well as its Cr (VI) removal rate. In this work, a
homogeneous gel made of PVA and sodium alginate (SA) was produced
and then radiated to UVA light for varying periods of time (5-20 minutes). Subsequently, the PVA-alginate adsorbent beads were made by crosslinking with 6% boric acid and 2% calcium chloride. PVAalginate adsorbent beads were fabricated easily after UVA irradiation because the viscosity of gel PVA-alginate was reduced. The Cr (VI) adsorption experiment employed 15 g of PVA-alginate adsorbent beads, 180 minutes of adsorption time, and 50 mg/L Cr (VI) initial
concentration. The size analysis revealed that the average diameter of the adsorbent beads after Cr (VI) adsorption was approximately 4.00 mm. The UV-Vis results showed that sample A prepared by exposing the PVA-alginate adsorbent beads to UV light for 5 minutes has an optimum Cr (VI) removal rate of 71.63% after in contact for 180 minutes. This study's findings were critical for establishing a new knowledge of the production of PVA-alginate beads irradiated with UV light and moving forward to mitigate heavy metal pollution in waste water, therefore enhancing the quality of water and the environment