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Community education as a lifelong learning to support sustainable tourism
No full textA community-based tourism (CBT) approach has become an integral part of rural and sustainable tourism development strategies. However, CBT has some constraints on being sustainable due to some internal weaknesses and external concerns, including poor marketing competencies. As a top-down government initiative, Malaysian CBT homestay is blessed with numerous assistance to ensure its survival which in the other hand, creates over-reliance toward other parties. This lack of marketing expertise challenges homestay
sustainability. This study examines the importance of community education in marketing activities as a lifelong learning towards sustainable tourism in Malaysia. Qualitative case study is employed to gain an extensive and in-depth explanation on homestay’s marketing implementation and its issues. A semistructured interview was taken to nine homestay operators. This study employs a thematic data analysis to investigate the interview results. Research findings show that in majority, the community enjoys the comfort
zone provided by government and travel agents, hence encourage the resistance for change. However, a few homestay demonstrates positive respond to involve lifelong learning through community education to support sustainable tourism. More importantly, partnership between various key stakeholders are the utmost important to ensure policy planning and to improve community education quality
Preliminary Study on Optimization Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer as Wrapping Structure at 90-degree Elbows Piping System via Finite Element Analysis
No full textCarbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) considered as unique material as it is proven have the best mechanical properties which can be used as a wrapping. This composite
material will be evaluated as a wrapping material using SolidWork version 2021 software. Elbow has been chosen as component to be wrapped as it is one of the most
critical parts in a pipeline system. Thus, this research focuses on 90-degree butt welded elbows. The study evaluated different lamination and thickness of CFRP as a wrapping
framework for elbows. Static analysis also was stimulated to analyze the stress and strain exerted on elbows at extrados location. Based on static analysis simulation from SolidWork software, lamination orientation of (0º) with 6 layers exhibit lowest stress for all the pressure tested ranging from 0.86MPa to 19.65MPa for 90-degree defected elbow
at extrados location. Besides, comparing CFRP and Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP), CFRP showed it able to reduce stress compared to GFRP when tested on the
same defected elbow. Lastly, the flow simulation in CFD showed there were no leakages especially on defected area and no sudden changes on pressure, velocity, and temperature
Thermal Comfort in a Tropical Climate: Case Study of the Cafeteria in Student Residential College, UTHM Pagoh Branch Campus
Full text linkThermal comfort is important for buildings, especially in tropical climates. The issue of increasing indoor temperature is influenced by various factors that cause occupants to
face thermal discomfort in cafeterias that uses both mechanical and natural ventilation systems. This study aims to determine the perception of occupants and evaluate
parameter variations of thermal comfort in the cafeteria of Pagoh Campus Residential College, UTHM Pagoh Branch Campus. This study was conducted through the measurements of subjective and physical parameters. Data collection is carried out in two days, which are weekdays and weekends. This study uses some parameters variation
which are thermal sensation vote index (TSV), predicted mean vote index (PMV), predicted percentage of dissatisfaction (PPD), operative temperature (To) and neutral operative temperature (Tneutop) to determine the thermal comfort conditions in the cafeteria. The results shows that the average values of air temperature, mean radiation
temperature, relative humidity and air velocity from environmental measurements were 30.2 °C, 30.6 °C, 66% and 0.1 m/s respectively. In addition, PMV and PPD values were 2.0 and 76% from environmental measurements, while 1.36 and 43% from questionnaires. For To and Tneutop, the average values obtained are 30.4 °C and 28.6 °C. Furthermore,
the findings showed that only the morning session was in the acceptable operative temperature range and complied with ASHRAE Standard 55 for both the 80% and 90% acceptability limits. At the end of the study, it was found that the values from the thermal environment measurements and surveys exceeded those recommended by ASHRAE Standard 55. This concluded that the quality of the occupants’ environment in the cafeteria is outside the satisfactory thermal comfort level
Effect of polymer-modified bitumen and reclaimed asphalt pavement on the physical properties of bitumen
Full text linkThe high cost of road construction due to the energy required for new material production
and the environmental impact necessitates the use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and other
waste materials. This paper examined the effect of using RAP with a PET additive as a rejuvenator.
PET additive (2%) was added to the virgin binder (VB) of 60/70 penetration grade to form a
Polymer modified bitumen (PMB). RAP percentages used were 30, 40, and 50%, respectively. The
physical properties were examined using the penetration, softening point, and ductility. The results
show that the physical properties of RAP were improved by utilizing Rap binder (RB) and PMB
mix ratio. The penetration and ductility values increased by 46.4% and 66.7%, respectively, with
the PMB (30): RB (70) ratio blend, compared to RB: VB blend. This suggests a reduction in brittle
behavior and less stiffness with the addition of PMB in the blend, enhancing the flexibility of the
RAP. Although both mixtures blended with RB exhibited softening points within the acceptable
range, improved performance was observed with RB/PMB mix blend over RB/VB blend when used
in hot asphalt mixtur
A brief review of artificial intelligence robotic in food industry
Full text linkArtificial Intelligent Robotic (AI Robotic) is the formal term for an ‘intelligent induced’ robot that can operate with vision (eye) to
detect a product defect, or a control operating system to assist robot to differentiate good and reject product during production. A
number of cutting-edge manufacturing automation technologies have been developed, including automatic inspection, autonomous
robots, additive manufacturing, ubiquitous manufacturing, cloud manufacturing, and cyber-physical systems. Intelligent and
automation technologies for worker assistance have been considered feasible. As knowledge-driven industries develop in terms of
artificial intelligence and robotic automation, and to upgrade the existing and next generation of workforce, higher and further
education is needed to advance a better understanding of robotic automation in manufacturers who face endless challenges such as
labor shortages, high turnover labor force, product innovation, quality matters, and many others. This paper provides a general
view of food supply chain challenges when faced with labor issue, environmental disaster and production problems. AI Robotic
application would be a good source of problem solving in food manufacturing, food processing and food handling proces
Leaky-wave wires antenna for future d- band 6g communication systems
Full text linkFuture communication generation such as 6G and
beyond will be utilizing the terahertz band, as this range
promises potential benefits such as a high data rate. However,
designing different electronic components for 6G is complicated
and has low fabrication precision due to its small wavelength.
Additionally, the cost is also very high as compared to 5G
components. These antennas feature high data rates, small size,
and high bandwidth and are a critical component for the
communication system. Therefore, in this study, an antenna
design is proposed for the future sub-THz communication
system that operates at D- band which is proposed for the 6G
communication system. The simulation analysis shows that the
proposed antenna has a high gain of 9.9 dBi at 120 GHz
operating frequency and good performance characteristics for
the complete D-band. The design of the proposed antenna is
simple, low-cost, and does not require any complex fabrication,
and can be the potential leaky-wave antenna for future 6G if
properly excite
Simulation and modelling of spray characteristics, spray penetration length and injection pressure of biodiesel
Full text linkThis research compare three different types of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) biodiesel blends, B5, B10, and B15 with
different ambient density on nozzle flow and spray characteristics by using CPO and simulated the physics flow pattern
of mixture formation with tangential velocity between biodiesel, diesel fuel, and air in the mixing chamber of RCM, to
determine the nozzle flow and spray characteristics for different injection pressure of biodiesel spray to ambient variant
conditions on mixture formation. In order to mimic the spray processes, an Eulerian-Lagrangian multiphase technique is
presented in this study. This work makes use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Fluent to examine the spray
properties of biodiesel fuels, and the simulation took biodiesel injection into the constant volume chamber of the RCM
into account. The boundary condition is set up at a distinct ambient parameter. The presence of in-cylinder flow, the
impact of fuel type, injection pressure, and ambient variables on spray behaviour, such as spray penetration, had been
examined. Analysis of the spray penetration variation with time for various ambient parameters and different types of
biodiesel fuels revealed that the biodiesel fuels were predicted to develop their break-up more quickly due to the fact that
all fuels atomize more quickly in the presence of higher injection pressures. The effects of these various parameters were
examined in terms of spray characteristics and contrasted with the findings of the experiment
Characteristics of BSCF–SDCC–Ag composite cathode powder for low-temperature solid oxide fuel cell
Full text linkA fuel cell is a type of clean energy that may be utilised in various applications across numerous sectors. Solid
oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has attracted considerable interest as a fuel cell type due to its excellent efficiency and durability.
However, SOFC may encounter specific challenges because of its operating temperature, which is generally high. This
circumstance might negatively affect the overall system performance. New materials that can work with SOFCs in the lowtemperature
range (LT-SOFC) must be introduced to overcome the challenges. The milled barium strontium cobalt ferrite–
samarium-doped ceria carbonate (BSCF-SDCC) composite cathode was introduced as a potential candidate for LT-SOFC
material. Argentum (Ag) was added to the BSCF–SDCC composite cathode to act as a catalyst material for efficient
performance. The characterisation of a BSCF–SDCC–Ag composite cathode was investigated under two properties,
namely, chemical and physical. The X-ray diffraction results for phase identification showed that Ag addition exhibited
compatibility with BSCF–SDCC composite cathode with no occurrence of impurities. The morphology and element
observation showed that the composite cathode powder was well mixed, and all significant elements were uniformly and
homogeneously distributed. The average percentage of porosity value was also obtained in the acceptable range (20%–
40%). Specifically, it ranged from 21.12% to 22.50%. Therefore, the findings of this study prove that the addition of Ag
can improve the performance of the BSCF–SDCC composite cathode, which is in line with the function of Ag as a catalyst
materia
Daylight-adaptive lighting control techniques: a comparative analysis of particle swarm optimization and firefly algorithm
Full text linkLighting in commercial buildings consumes a
substantial amount of energy. Therefore, this paper developed
particle swarm optimization (PSO) and firefly algorithm (FA)
as control techniques for lighting systems to improve energy
efficiency and satisfy occupantsꞌ visual comfort in an indoor
environment. An office room was considered to test the
performance of the PSO and FA techniques. The proposed
methods showed superior performance in minimizing the cost
of energy consumption by more than 60% while satisfying
illuminance-based metrics mentioned by the European
Standard EN 12464-1. Based on the comparative result, PSO
outperformed FA by 3% in energy savings. Due to its
performance, the proposed PSO method can be utilized for
other types of building
Effect of Surface Roughness of Pistia Leaves Inspired Surfaces on Oil Contact Angle and Coefficient of Friction under Lubricated Condition
Full text linkBiomimetics field is getting more interest in engineering purposes. The plant surface roughness existing in nature such as in leaves can be mimicked into artificial
technologies. Basically, the surface structures have micro and nano scales in nature and possess properties of interest. Pistia leaves for example have intrinsic of tribology
application which have rarely explored. In this study, a preliminary work on 3 types of Pistia leaves inspired surface-based polymer have been conducted to look at effect of
surface roughness towards contact angle (CA) measurements and coefficient of friction (COF) under lubricated condition. The surface characteristics were also examined using
Variable Pressure Scanning Electron Microscope (VP-SEM). Two different oils namely palm oil and palm oil + TiO2 were tested on the Pistia leaves inspired surface to measure
the CA and COF. It was found that both types of palm oils had distinct CA values and COF towards surface roughness of the Pistia inspired surfaces. A maximum difference of CA and COF were recorded in CA and COF values. The different nanocomposite of Pistia leaves inspired surface were found to affect for both parameters CA and COF under lubricated condition