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Административно право и процес. Задачи, казуси, тестове
No full textThe textbook is intended for bachelor's degree students at the University of Economics – Varna, studying the specialty "Judicial Administration." It is consistent with the curriculum for the discipline "Administrative Law and Procedure" (2024/2028 academic plan)
Trade Openness and Economic Growth in Southeast Asia
No full textThis paper investigates the extent to which the integration of Southeast Asian countries into the global economy has contributed to their economic growth. It uses regression analysis to model the relationship between trade openness and economic growth, identifying policy lessons on the key drivers of convergence for the next set of developing countries that seek to achieve rapid rates of economic growth in the context of a more challenging globalization context
ANÁLISE DO CRESCIMENTO ECONÓMICO, AS CRISES FINANCEIRAS E AS REFORMAS NECESSÁRIAS PARA GARANTIR UM DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL NOS PAÍSES EM DESENVOLVIMENTO.
No full textThis article analyzes economic growth, financial crises, and the reforms needed to ensure sustainable development in developing countries. Initially, it observes that economic growth in these countries is frequently marked by rapid expansions followed by financial crises, attributed to factors such as insufficient infrastructure, external vulnerabilities, and inadequate economic policies. Next, it discusses the importance of structural reforms, including improved governance, economic diversification, the implementation of sound fiscal and monetary policies, and the strengthening of the financial system. Finally, it highlights that the adoption of sustainable practices and regional integration are fundamental to promoting balanced and resilient growth, guaranteeing the present and future of all nations. The study reinforces the need for integrated, long-term policies to transform challenges into opportunities for sustainable development
La ley del descenso tendencial de la tasa de ganancia: Evidencia empírica para la economía española
No full textThis article examines the law of the tendency of the rate of profit to fall in the Spanish economy between 1960 and 2024, considering the organic composition of capital and the rate of surplus value as central variables. Its aim is to determine whether this law, formulated by Marx in Capital (Vol. III), continues to operate in the contemporary context. The methodology consists of transforming orthodox macroeconomic categories derived from the Spanish National Accounts (CNE), available in BDMACRO, into Marxist variables: constant capital (c), variable capital (v), and surplus value (pv). Based on these, historical series of the organic composition of capital (q), the rate of surplus value (pv'), and the rate of profit (g') are constructed, adjusted to constant prices to ensure temporal coherence and comparability. The results show a sustained increase in q and a slight decrease in pv', generating a tendential decline in g' with cyclical fluctuations associated with specific crises. The conclusions empirically confirm the validity of the law in Spain, highlighting the historical limits of capitalism and providing quantitative evidence on the structural dynamics of profitability
Economic growth and human capital: An approach from dynamic stochastic general equilibrium and vector error correction modelling for Colombia
No full textThe analysis of economic growth determinants has allowed for the development of an extensive body of literature that has recognized the role of human capital as the main explanatory variable of countries' economic growth. However, the evidence shows that this relationship does not always occur in such a precise way; therefore, it is necessary to analyse the dynamics of each economy. In Colombia, although there is empirical evidence that correlates these two variables, economic growth and human capital, there is little research that explains the behaviour of growth and human capital expected in the long term. The objective of this research was to determine the interactions between human capital and economic growth in long-term dynamics in Colombia. To achieve this goal, a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model was applied with parameters calibrated from empirical evidence in Colombia. On the other hand, a vector error correction model (VECM) was applied to the student-teacher ratio series and per capita GDP in Colombia for the 1970–2019 period. The results of the DSGE model indicate that economic growth has a positive effect in the long term. These results are reinforced through the VECM. Disturbances in the productivity of education captured through the student–teacher ratio in tertiary education show the existence of short- and long-term relationships of the mentioned variable with per capita GDP, as in the DSGE model, the variables perceive convergence to new equilibria. Both models indicate that long-term physical capital and human capital have positive relationships with economic growth
Sales tax evasion: The case of monopolists
No full textThis study addresses the following two questions focusing on state sales tax and the behavior of a monopolist: (1) Under what conditions would a monopolist evade state sales tax even if evasion is costly? and (2) Can tax rates and enforcement be effective deterrents against evasion? The analysis reveals that, under certain conditions, a monopolist facing enforcement may underreport sales rather than not report them at all, even if evasion incurs costs. Furthermore, this study demonstrates that reducing tax rates and strengthening enforcement can effectively prevent tax evasion and that such preventive measures can lead to increased tax revenue
Advances in the New Keynesian Phillips Curve: A Meta-Analysis
No full textThis paper provides a comprehensive meta-analysis of advances in the New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) literature, synthesizing theoretical developments, empirical findings, and methodological innovations over the past three decades. Rather than aggregating coefficients mechanically, the study adopts a structured qualitative–quantitative meta-analytic approach to evaluate how inflation dynamics vary across economic regimes, institutional settings, and model specifications. The analysis reveals that apparent instability and flattening of the Phillips Curve largely reflect regime dependence, expectation anchoring, and openness to global cost pressures rather than a breakdown of the underlying NKPC mechanism. Evidence across advanced, emerging, and transition economies indicates that forward-looking inflation behavior strengthens in tranquil macroeconomic environments with credible monetary frameworks, while backward-looking inertia dominates during recessions and in economies with histories of volatile inflation. Hybrid and sticky-information NKPC formulations consistently outperform purely forward-looking specifications in capturing inflation persistence, particularly during periods of heightened uncertainty. Recent methodological contributions, including time-varying, Bayesian, frequency-domain, and machine learning approaches, further demonstrate that the Phillips relationship is nonlinear, state-dependent, and horizon-specific. Overall, the findings suggest that the NKPC remains a valid but conditional framework for understanding inflation dynamics, with its empirical performance critically shaped by expectations regimes, institutional credibility, and global integration
Political Trust in Italy: How Environmental, Social, and Governance Factors Shape Confidence in Parties
Get PDFThe current study addresses political party trust and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principle application in Italian regions. Trust in political parties is a principal driving force in governance performance, compliance with policies, and citizen trust in institution-made choices. With political and economic diversity in its regions, Italian regions present a case study for testing whether political institution trust increased creates increased ESG use and whether ESG policies have an impact in shaping political trust in reciprocity. Empirical evidence confirms that in high political trust regions, ESG programs have a high opportunity for effective implementation, particularly in social welfare and conservation of environment. In contrast, political institution trust weakness is accompanied with poor ESG pledges, an expression of inefficient governance and reduced accountability in companies. ESG policies actually have an impact on political trust—effective and transparent ESG actions establish institution trust, but shallow and political ESG actions produce mistrust. The observations have a function of projecting the contribution towards balancing institution trust with sustainability through governance quality. Policymakers can contribute towards leveraging political stability in driving ESG integration in a manner that keeps such programs effective and credible for long-term development in regions and for democratic legitimacy
Does aging matter in the impact of the minimum wage on inflation?
Get PDFWe examine how demographic changes impact the transmission of minimum wage increases to inflation. The minimum wage growth can raise the prices of goods and services and accelerate inflationary processes. At the same time, a shrinking workforce and changes in its structure could lead to changes in the impact of minimum wage increases on the economy. We use the minimum wage augmented Phillips curve framework extended with the demographic variables. We employ the sample of 21 European Union countries in 2003-2023 and panel data techniques.
Our study proves that the strength of the minimum wage pass-through effects on inflation depends on demographic factors. Aging of the workforce and shrinking workforce size weakens the impact of minimum wage increase on inflation. Contrary, a lower proportion of the less educated working-age population strengthens the minimum wage pass-through effects on inflation. Our results have important implications for macroeconomic, minimum wage, and education policies
Impact of Trump 2.0 on Sub-Saharan Africa
Get PDFAs Trump takes aim at global norms and institutions, the question of what parts of the post-Cold War order can be saved, and for whom, needs urgent attention. Moving away from these positions will require major changes. Trump 2.0 has generated optimism in Africa. South Africa, in particular, was initially optimistic. But later, bilateral relations with South Africa deteriorated as the Trump administration, including his economic advisor, South African-born Elon Musk, openly sided with the white SA establishment, at least for the next four years. Prospects for democratic transitions were also dashed, as Trump did not care about democratizing sub-Saharan Africa (SSA),but rather supported African autocracies, such as in Biya's Cameroon, Gnassingbé's Togo, and the Central African Republic and Ivory Coast. Trump's intention to dismantle USAid threw all its contractors into disarray. Fear, pain and hunger were the terrible consequences of US funding cuts,for example in Kenya and war-torn Sudan. The US was the largest ODA donor in SSA. In fiscal year 2023/2024, the US had donated nearly $3.7 billion. Jihadism in the Sahel, the Horn of Africa and beyond is likely to intensify and spread. The isolationist US Africa policy under Trump could further reduce Western influence. Trump's trade policies, particularly the imposition of tariffs and withdrawal from multilateral agreements such as the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), have affected developing countries' access to the US market. This is particularly true in SSA, which relies heavily on exports of commodities, textiles and manufactured goods to the US market. The imposition of tariffs on steel, aluminium and other manufactured goods further increased the cost of exports from these countries, leading to reduced competitiveness and a decline in trade volumes. African countries benefiting from the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) have seen their benefits diminish, as the Trump administration has de-prioritised AGOA