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What Determines Gender Differences in Value of Time? The Impacts of Residential and Work Location Choices
Get PDFWe examine how residential and work locations affect gender differences in time-use burden among homogeneous couples. We theoretically derive gendered values of time (VOTs) by location in spatial equilibrium. We show that (i) changes in VOT according to residential and work locations are determined by shadow prices of time and budget, (ii) households residing closer to the CBD have higher VOTs, and (iii) housework division varies by location, and VOTs differ between spouses spatially. Simulations substantiate these findings. Furthermore, our stated preference experiment confirms that VOT varies with residential location, after controlling for gender and household characteristics
The Effects of Carbon taxation and Climate Financing on the Malagasy Economy: An Application using a DSGE Model
Get PDFThe massive release emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, which has emerged as a pressing
global concern, entails detrimental consequences for both the environment and the economic system. As a
consequence, the severity of the consequences of climate change has disrupted economic issues and strategies.
Major reorientations of economic policies, particularly climate policies, mainly based on CO2 emission
levels have been adopted during various Conferences of the Parties (COP).This issue has therefore led us
to investigate the effects of such climate policies on the economy as a whole. To achieve our objective,
a climate DSGE model reflecting the characteristics of Madagascar has been implemented. The results
of impulse response function reveal that dynamic carbon taxation proves more effective in reducing CO2
emissions compared to a quota policy, which is a source of volatility. Climate finance, on the other hand, is
insufficient to stimulate the economy if not combined with carbon pricing
The uneven benefits of conservation. A spatial analysis of how different protection regimes influence local development in Polish municipalities
Get PDFThe balance between environmental protection and socioeconomic development is a critical policy challenge. Conservation efforts may constrain local development but can also generate benefits beyond nature protection itself, with effects varying across protection regimes and spatial scales. Poland presents a compelling case to examine this trade-off, given its rapid economic growth and significant expansion of PAs in recent decades. This study assesses the relationship between nature protection regimes and local development across Polish municipalities from 2009 to 2022. Using spatial econometric modelling (Spatial Durbin Error Model), we analyse the direct and indirect effects of national parks, nature reserves, and Natura 2000 sites on three dimensions of local development: economic, social, and infrastructural. The most consistent positive effects are observed for economic development in municipalities with high share of national parks and Natura 2000 sites. The effects on infrastructure development are limited: only Natura 2000 sites show a positive direct effect, while negative indirect effects suggest regional competition for investment. The social impacts of protection are predominantly negative, especially for stricter protection regimes. Moreover, these effects extend beyond administrative boundaries, likely due to interlinked labour markets. These findings challenge the notion that conservation uniformly hinders economic development. Instead, they suggest that outcomes differ depending on the protection regime, and that benefits are unevenly distributed – supporting local economic growth while reinforcing social exclusion. The study underscores the need for policies that mitigate social costs and promote more just and integrated development under expanding conservation efforts
Why and How Overlapping Land Rights Undermine Agricultural Investment: Evidence from Customary Tenure in Ghana
Get PDFUnder Ghana's customary land tenure system, family land allocated through matrilineal ties is associated with a lower propensity to take up rubber cultivation and lower yields where rubber is planted. Consistent with conventional wisdom, tenure insecurity reduces yields, but most of this effect operates through diminished labor input by family members rather than through reduced material input or lack of collateral value of land. Moreover, tenure insecurity arises primarily from undefined rights among household members, rather than from the more distant possibility of lineage-level reallocations. Company-led interventions to reconcile land rights within kin groups effectively mitigated these gaps by reducing family members' disincentives to work on shared land
Jurisdiction’s approval confusion on the adoption of IFRS S1 and S2 by Malawi’s listed companies
Get PDFAdoption of IFRS S1 and S2 became mandatory on 1st January 2024 and yet only 33 percent of Malawi’s listed companies disclosed to have adopted the said new sustainability standards and purported no significant impact on the financial statements without producing the required reports as per the International Sustainability Standards Board. The board of directors of those listed companies which did not adopt IFRS S1 and S2 expressed ignorance and pushed the issue to the external auditors who incorrectly stated that prior approval was required as a jurisdictional matter. Some listed companies produced ESG and Sustainability Reports which to lesser extent mitigate the problem. Remedial actions are needed now
Strategic Grid Modernization for Enhanced Energy Security and Industrial Competitiveness: A Multi-Pillar Framework for the United States
Get PDFThe United States electrical grid faces unprecedented challenges from surging demand, cybersecurity threats, and climate-related disruptions. This paper presents a comprehensive strategic framework for grid modernization organized around three interdependent pillars: technological innovation and deployment, regulatory reform and workforce development, and strategic public-private partnerships. Drawing on comparative analysis of international approaches and synthesizing current policy gaps, we propose actionable recommendations including accelerated smart grid deployment, streamlined transmission permitting, mandatory
cybersecurity standards, and domestic supply chain fortification. Our phased implementation strategy projects that achieving 80% renewable integration, 99.97% grid reliability, and elimination of foreign dependency for critical components is feasible within a ten-year horizon given appropriate policy support and investment frameworks. The framework positions grid modernization not merely as infrastructure renewal but as a strategic imperative for maintaining American industrial competitiveness and national security in the 21st centur
Sahel fuel smuggling and terrorist taxation: How ECOWAS subsidy reform created a Jihadist revenue haven along the Niger–Nigeria border (Magaria–Jibia Axis)
Get PDFAfter the ECOWAS-backed abolition of Nigeria’s premium-motor-spirit (PMS) subsidy in June 2023, the pump-price gap between Nigeria and Niger widened overnight from 0.23 to 0.71 USD litre⁻¹. Using a difference-in-differences design that exploits (i) 400+ border checkpoints (Clingendael 2022 GIS), (ii) 13 241 ACLED road-block events 2020-24, and (iii) monthly NBS price panels 2010-24, we show that jihadist taxation revenue on the Magaria–Jibia corridor increased by 0.9–1.4 USD million per month (≈ 18 % of IS-Sahel’s estimated budget). A structural gravity model calibrated to OECD-SWAC trade elasticities implies that a 0.10 USD litre⁻¹ price gap raises the probability of an Islamist checkpoint by 6.3% (SE 1.7, p<0.01) in PPML and 8.9 % (SE 2.4, p<0.01) in IV-2SLS, the latter implying an upper-bound revenue gain of USD 1.4 million per month. A partial-equilibrium counter-factual indicates that reinstating a targeted 0.30 USD litre⁻¹ “border-zone subsidy” would cost Abuja 54M USD yr⁻¹ but deprive insurgents of 11M USD yr⁻¹— a 5:1 cost-denial ratio. We provide the first quasi-experimental evidence that a commodity-price shock directly increases terrorist tax revenue, and show that a temporary border-zone subsidy can claw back 80 % of this income at one-fifth the cost of military surges
Ethnicity Matters: Correcting Cultural Bias in Social Models
Get PDFEthnicity Matters: Correcting Cultural Bias in Social ModelsThis study examines the determinants of domestic violence (DV—physical or sexual) against women in Pakistan using nationally representative data from the 2017–18 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS). We estimate survey-adjusted logistic regression models, reporting logit coefficients, odds ratios, and marginal effects, to assess the influence of intergenerational, marital, demographic, and socioeconomic factors, and test whether excluding ethnicity biases results.
Findings show that intergenerational transmission is a powerful driver: women whose fathers beat their mothers face more than double the odds of experiencing DV (OR = 2.39, marginal effect +12 pp, p<0.01). Marital dynamics are equally critical. Husband’s alcohol consumption (OR = 3.96, +19 pp) and women’s fear of their husbands (OR = 5.11, +23 pp) emerge as the strongest correlates of DV. Polygamy increases the odds substantially (OR ≈ 3.50), although estimates are less precise. Household structure also matters—each additional child increases DV risk (OR = 1.16, +2 pp).
Socioeconomic variables show weaker and less consistent effects. Wife’s and husband’s education, as well as consanguinity, are not robust predictors. However, household wealth displays a protective gradient: women in the richest quintile face significantly lower odds of DV (OR = 0.60, marginal effect –7 pp, p<0.1).
Model comparison confirms that ethnicity is jointly significant (Wald test, p<0.01) and improves model fit. Relative to Urdu-speaking women, Sindhi (OR = 0.41, –12 pp), Pashto (OR = 0.46, –11 pp), Brahui (OR = 0.24, –18 pp), Hindko (OR = 0.28, –16 pp), and Marwari (OR = 0.19, –19 pp) women report substantially lower odds of DV, underscoring the role of cultural norms and community structures.
Overall, the results highlight that excluding ethnicity biases estimated effects and conceals heterogeneity across groups. Policy interventions must therefore combine universal protections with culturally tailored strategies that recognize ethnic variation in women’s vulnerability and reporting of domestic violence
Sleeping with the Enemy: A General Equilibrium Approach
Get PDFThis paper develops a general equilibrium model of domestic violence grounded in household bargaining and economic dependence. Inspired by the dynamics portrayed in the film *Sleeping with the Enemy* (1991), the model incorporates exit constraints, enforcement, and social norms as determinants of women’s decisions regarding labor participation and relationship continuity. The analysis shows how insufficient enforcement and limited outside opportunities trap victims in stable but inefficient equilibria characterized by violence and dependency. Comparative statics demonstrate that welfare policies such as shelters, transfers, and employment support shift equilibrium outcomes toward safety and self-sufficiency. The results highlight the role of public intervention in restoring efficiency and individual autonomy when private bargaining fails due to asymmetric power and coercion
Comparing rhetorics of crisis. Italy and the United Kingdom at the turn of the 1970s
Get PDFThis paper aims at challenging a consolidated reading of the 1970s as an age of crisis par excellence, from the perspective of Britain and Italy. It focuses on both real economic facts and their interpretation by economists, “second hand dealers in economic ideas” and policy makers. We reflect on the actors who “proclaimed” the crisis in the 1970s and the recipes they suggested to overcome it. We argue that the rise of neoliberalism and the paradigm change in economic policies were also the product of a narrative construction, influenced by political and ideological reasons, which contrasted an extremely negative picture of the 1970s to a very positive, nearly caricatural, representation of the 1980s