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Comparison of Government Rules for Remediation of Abandoned Mine Sites
Get PDFAs governments around the world pursue policies to incentivize the construction of new mining projects, they need to recognize that private industry today is not pursuing opportunities at abandoned old mines. Government leadership could increase remediation of old mines by changing the rules, a move that would require coordination across diverse stakeholders. Fixing these old problems could help reduce unresolved sources of pollution and public perception that mining is environmentally irresponsible. This paper discusses fundamental aspects of abandoned mines and compares government policies by examining two small Canadian mining exploration companies advancing remediation projects in Italy and Canada
Georgi Petrov and the model of socialist market economy in Bulgaria
Get PDFWe provide brief information about the context of the 1963 reform. This is followed by a presentation of the main themes and ideas in Georgi Petrov's life research project, which systematically and logically derives the need for decentralisation of the economy, a transition from directive planning to economic levers, granting full autonomy to enterprises included in market mechanisms and profit incentives
The determinants of forest area in Brazil: U-shaped relationship for GDP per capita and for value of agricultural production per hectare
Get PDFWe evaluate the impact of gross domestic product per capita (GDPC), the value of agricultural production (VAP), and the value of agricultural production per hectare (VAPH) on the forest area in Brazil by considering annual time series data ranging from 1990 to 2022. The autoregressive distributed lag approach is used to estimate our long-run elasticities. The increase in the value of agricultural production reduces forest area in the long-run. However, the value of agricultural production per hectare and the gross domestic product per capita both have a U-shaped relationship with forest area. Indeed, with an increase in the VAPH (resp. GDPC), forest area decreases, then after a threshold point begins to increase. In Brazil, deforestation can be reversed by continuous economic growth accompanied by more propagation of environmental education within the population. Also, agricultural green technologies, as aeroponics for vegetable culture or smart agriculture, should be encouraged through subsidies or advantageous credits, as they increase the VAPH
The Impact of Political Instability on the Budget Deficit: Evidence from the MENA Region
Get PDFThe revolutions in the MENA region countries were experienced as a negative economic shock. This led to popular demands and, at the same time, a worsening of public finances in a climate of political instability. It is therefore relevant to address the question: Is the reduction of the budget deficit dependent on explanatory political variables such as democracy and political stability? In this article, we examined the relationship between the budget deficit and political instability/democracy while using other macroeconomic control variables, such as GDP growth, the consumer price index, and oil prices. This relationship was estimated for a sample of MENA region countries using a dynamic panel data econometric model over the period 2008-2019. The results of this article show that political instability and democracy have a significant impact on the budget deficit in the selected group of MENA region countries. Specifically, the model's estimation found that the democratic political regime positively impacts the budget balance
Tourism, Sustainability, and Growth: An Empirical Investigation of Long-Run Economic Impacts in Pakistan
Get PDFThis study investigates the relationship between sustainable tourism practices and economic growth in Pakistan by integrating the principles of endogenous growth theory with robust econometric modeling. Pakistan possesses significant but underutilized tourism resources, including natural landscapes, historical sites, and cultural heritage. However, its tourism sector faces persistent challenges such as political instability, poor infrastructure, and limited environmental planning. Using (International Monetary Fund, Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, World Bank) annual data from 1995 to 2021, this research employs ordinary least squares, autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing, and the vector error correction model to examine how tourism receipts, employment in tourism, political stability, and environmental sustainability influence real GDP. The empirical findings reveal a statistically significant and positive relationship between tourism receipts and GDP growth, reaffirming tourism’s role as a direct driver of economic development. Employment in the tourism sector also demonstrates a meaningful contribution to economic output by enhancing household income and stimulating local consumption. Political stability and environmental sustainability, while less impactful in the short run, are found to be crucial in maintaining long-run equilibrium and ensuring sustainability in the tourism sector through different tests and approaches as concluded in the findings paragraphs. The autoregressive distributed lag model confirms the existence of long-run cointegration among the variables, while the vector error correction model illustrates a moderate but stable adjustment toward long-run equilibrium. This study underscores the need for Pakistan to adopt a coordinated, sustainability-focused tourism policy that emphasizes investment in infrastructure, environmental regulation, institutional reform, and community engagement. It advocates for shifting from volume-based to value-driven tourism strategies. The strategy uses green practices, digital promotion, and decentralized governance to maximize benefits. The findings contribute empirical and policy insights for integrating tourism into national development agendas. Ultimately, sustainable tourism emerges as a strategic avenue for comprehensive, resilient, and environmentally sound economic growth in Pakistan
The Impact of Financial Literacy on Investment Decisions: The Mediating Role of Peer Influence and the Moderating Role of Financial Status
Get PDFThis study examines the connection between behavioral and digital financial literacy and investing choices, using social impact and financial position to explain these choices, within the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The results from a survey of 400 diverse professionals were analyzed with PLS-SEM. Both types of financial literacy appear to have a good effect on how people invest. The impact of behavioral literacy on investing is affected by financial circumstances and is partly reduced by peer impact. Improving behavioral knowledge allows you to manage your finances and plan for the future and being digitally literate encourages you to use online platforms to help with decision-making. How much impact your friends have can show subjective norms, while your economic situation reveals your perceived control over behavior, both of which support the theory. It improves our understanding of financial literacy by splitting the topic into behavioral and digital features. It supports the need for special strategies to raise digital and behavioral skills in individuals from disadvantaged groups. The next phase of research ought to look at lengthy studies and include more social-psychological variables
تحلیل پویای واکنش رشد اقتصادی ایران به شوک های تحریمی و اقتصادی؛ کاربرد مدل الگوهای خود رگرسیون برداری تعمیم یافته با پارامتر متغیر زمان
Get PDFIn the years following the Islamic Revolution, Iran's economy has been affected by international sanctions with varying degrees of intensity. In recent years, the scope and severity of these sanctions have increased, leaving profound impacts on economic indicators, including gross domestic product (GDP) growth. This study aims to dynamically analyze Iran’s economic growth response to sanctions and economic shocks over the period 1981–2021, using a Factor-Augmented Vector Autoregression (FAVAR) model combined with a Time-Varying Parameter (TVP) framework. This model enables a dynamic examination of the temporal effects of economic and sanction-related shocks. The explanatory variables in the model include liquidity volume, tax revenues, government current expenditures, exchange rate, income inequality, human capital, oil revenues, and sanctions. A dummy variable has been incorporated to represent sanctions during selected key sanction periods (1981–1988, 1996–1997, 2006–2013, and 2018–2021). The estimated model results indicate that Iran’s economic growth exhibits nonlinear responses to various shocks. Sanctions, exchange rate increases, rising income inequality, and declining human capital have had negative effects on economic growth, whereas positive reactions to government current expenditures have contributed to economic expansion. Regarding tax revenues, the findings suggest that increasing tax revenues can play a crucial role in reducing dependence on oil income. However, without structural reforms, raising taxes may increase production costs and reduce investment, thereby hindering economic growth. Therefore, instead of merely increasing taxes, emphasizing tax transparency, reducing tax evasion, and optimizing tax exemptions is essential. Regarding oil revenues, the study finds that their impact on economic growth varies depending on how they are managed. On the one hand, investing these resources in infrastructure, research and development, and financing imports of intermediate and capital goods can boost economic growth. On the other hand, excessive reliance on oil revenues, especially under sanction conditions, increases economic vulnerability and negatively affects growth stability. Sanctions have had a significant negative impact on Iran’s gross domestic product (GDP), particularly through their effects on trade, investment, and production capacity. The findings of this study underscore the importance of proper oil resource management, reducing Iran's dependence on external economic factors, implementing effective tax policies, and strengthening productive sectors. Accordingly, policies that enhance economic resilience against sanctions, develop domestic production capacity, and mitigate the adverse effects of oil revenue fluctuations will play a key role in achieving sustainable economic growth
Agricultural Productivity, Green energy, Governance quality and Environmental Degradation in BRICS Economies : Evidence from a PMG-ARDL Analysis
Get PDFThis study investigates the dynamic relationships between agricultural productivity, green energy adoption, governance quality, and environmental degradation in BRICS economies over the period 2002–2023. Using a Pooled Mean Group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) approach, complemented by FMOLS and CCR robustness estimators, the results show that agricultural productivity significantly increases long-run environmental pollution, reflecting the environmental cost of agricultural intensification. In contrast, green energy adoption and governance quality exert strong and consistent pollution-mitigating effects, underscoring their central role in promoting environmental sustainability. Overall, the findings emphasize that long-run structural factors dominate environmental outcomes in emerging agricultural economies. The study provides policy-relevant insights for advancing low-carbon and sustainable agricultural development in BRICS countries
Urbanization and Economic Development in Sub-Saharan Africa
No full textThere is a lack of consensus on how urbanization contributes to economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using a panel data of sub-Saharan African countries spanning the years 2012 - 2019, we estimate a two-way fixed effects model, and our results indicate a positive relationship between Urbanization and Economic Development. Furthermore, we also find that this effect is amplified by existing levels of basic education, contribution of the services sector to GDP, and measures of institutional quality. Our results hence provide directions for development policy in this region
L’intelligence artificielle: les métiers de la comptabilité et la gouvernance publique
No full textThe purpose of this paper is to determine the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on accounting professions and public governance. Our study builds upon existing literature by providing a descriptive analysis of how AI influences accounting professions