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Att förstå användning och användarpreferenser av utomhusgym i Malmö
Get PDFDenna studie ämnar att understödja vidareutvecklingen av utomhusgym runt om i Malmö stad genom att föreslå
möjliga riktlinjer. Användarpreferenser och faktorer som spelar in på användning av utomhusgym har undersökts.
Eftersom det redan existerar visst stöd för att utomhusgym kan främja fysisk aktivitet, kondition och
hälsorelaterade följder, är en ökning i antalet eftersträvansvärt, även när staden förtätas, för att motverka en stillasittande livsstil och istället uppmuntra till fysisk aktivitet. Metoden för datainsamling har varit observationer
som kompletterats med intervjuer. Studien ämnade även att besvara följande frågor: Hur ser användarfrekvenser
ut i relation till stadsområde, antalet redskap och vilka redskap som är populärast? Resultaten visade att det kan
finnas en korrelation mellan antalet redskap och användarfrekvenser där ett högre antal redskap kan resultera i större antal användare. Utomhusgym bör i fortsättningen planeras efter en standard som innebär att redskap, både
i antal och typ, och som går att justera, återfinns jämnt fördelat inom kommunen. Fortsatt forskning behövs för att
kontinuerligt främja utvecklingen av utomhusgym i dialog med dess användare och deras behov.This study aims to aid in further development of outdoor gyms around the city of Malmö. By investigating user
preferences and factors that play a part in the use of outdoor gyms and contribute with knowledge of these. Since
there is some support that outdoor gyms may improve physical activity, fitness and other health-related outcomes,
an increase in the number of outdoor gyms is desirable even amongst urban densification, to counteract our
sedentary life-style and instead encourage physical activity. The methods used for collecting data were done
through observations and complemented with interviews. Among the objectives is to answer the following
questions: What do user frequencies look like in relation to the city area, the number of equipment and which
equipment is most popular? And results showed that there may be a correlation between the number of equipment
and user frequencies where a higher number of equipment could result in higher number of users. Outdoor gyms
should in future planning be held to a standard that implies a similar number and type of equipment, that preferably
can be adjusted, distributed evenly within city limits. Further studies are needed to continue to aid the development of outdoor gyms in dialogue with its users and their needs
Genomic Analysis of a Hypermobility Syndrome in Gotland Ponies
Get PDFThe study investigates the prevalence and potential genetic basis of hypermobility disease among a family of Gotland ponies at Lojsta Hed on Gotland Island. It hypothesizes that this condition, inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, may be connected to a single mutation or structural variant. When sire 276 was selected to breed all the mares at Lojsta Hed, unhealthy foals were born, diagnosed with hydrocephalus and hyperflexible joints. There was a significant increase in the percentage of mares not giving birth (52%) compared to previous years with different sires (20%). This difference may be attributed to hypermobility disease, which is associated with abortion and stillbirths, similar to Warmblood Fragile Foal Syndrome (WFFS). The study compares the breeding outcomes of sire 276 at Lojsta Hed with his performance on other farms, revealing a huge contrast in foal birth percentages (52% vs. 16.2%). This suggests a potential inbreeding effect or environmental influence at Lojsta Hed. The samples included foals and their parents to identify carriers of the suspected recessive allele. After extracting the samples’ DNA from the blood, they were genotyped using the Axiom® Equine Genotyping Array containing 670,806 markers. To map the genomic loci, both association and linkage analyses were used. Linkage analysis was employed to find the location of disease genes by noticing that genes close together on the same chromosome tend to be inherited together during meiosis. An association analysis was also performed to study the relationship between genotypes and phenotypes in healthy (controls) and affected horses (cases). The analyses identified significant markers on chromosome 9, at positions between 17,8 and 18,5 cM. These markers are notably within the TRPA1 gene, linked to neurological and skeletal muscle conditions in humans and is hypothesized to be associated with the observed hypermobility in the foals. They showed a correlation with the recessive disease genotypes, suggesting a potential genetic basis for the disease. Further research with larger sample sizes and unrelated Gotland ponies is necessary to identify the causative gene in that region of hypermobility diseas
Svenska mjölkbönders uppfattningar om mjölkkor på sommarbete
Get PDFSommarbete för mjölkkor är en omdebatterad fråga, eftersom Sverige är det enda EU-land som har lagkrav på sommarbete för mjölkkor. En del bönder anser att detta lagkrav ska tas bort. I denna studie undersöktes därför svenska mjölkbönders uppfattningar om sommarbete för mjölkkor, med fokus på djurhälsa, djurvälfärd, mjölkavkastning och ekonomiska konsekvenser. Resultaten av enkätundersökningen (n=96) visade att sommarbete uppfattas positivt för djurens möjlighet att uttrycka naturligt beteende, men att det också anses medföra utmaningar som ökade kostnader och hälsorisker som kan påverka mjölkproduktionen negativt. I enkätsvaren framkom att bönderna värderar mjölkkons naturliga beteende på sommarbete högt ur välfärdsperspektiv. Värmestress och tillgång till skugga var en annan aspekt som lyftes fram som påverkar mjölkkor på sommarbete. Vidare framkom i enkätsvaren att bönderna anser att klövproblem ökar vid betesdrift, vilket forskningen generellt motsäger. Större gårdar rapporterade fler negativa effekter jämfört med mindre gårdar, och kvinnor uttryckte mer negativa uppfattningar än män angående sommarbete. Ekologiska bönder var mer positivt inställda till bete än konventionella bönder. I svaren framkom även att bönderna efterfrågar en mer flexibel beteslagstiftning samt ekonomisk stöd.Summer grazing for dairy cows is a debated issue, as Sweden is the only EU country with a legal requirement for summer grazing for dairy cows. Some farmers argue that this legal obligation should be abolished. In this study, the perceptions of Swedish dairy farmers regarding summer grazing for dairy cows were investigated, focusing on animal health, welfare, milk yield, and economic consequences. The results of a survey (n=96) indicated that summer grazing is perceived as positive for animals' ability to express natural behaviour ; however, they also present challenges such as increased costs and health risks that may negatively impact milk production. The survey responses revealed that farmers highly value the natural behaviour of dairy cows during summer grazing from a welfare perspective. Heat stress and access to shade were additional factors highlighted as influencing dairy cows while grazing in the summer. Furthermore, the responses indicated that farmers believe claw disorders increase with pasture-based systems, a claim contradicted by existing research. Larger farms reported more negative effects compared to smaller ones, and female farmers expressed more negative perceptions of summer grazing than their male colleagues did. Organic farmers tended to have a more positive attitude towards grazing than conventional farmers. The responses also indicated a demand among farmers for more flexible grazing legislation and financial support
The Impacts of the tourism industry on the foodscape character
Get PDFIn recent years, tourism became an appropriate platform to get food experience related with
landscape in different destinations. Both tourism and foodscape have been linked to the
sustainability and this connection might be developed within a region, county or a city or a rural
area will be beneficial for tourists and residents. This paper draws on case study in Ystad, Sweden
as a tourists’ destination. Using evidence from qualitative interviews with restaurants, hotels, tourist
visitor centre, and through observations, the nature of Ystad’s foodscape character have been
identified to a limited extent and direct or indirect impacts from tourism to the foodscape shaping
also examined. With the desk study, history of tourism development in Ystad was found out and
Wallander tourism has shown great influence on destination popularity. Although study shows
undefined development between Ystads foodscape & tourist sector and connection with local food,
it could provide inspiration for further research related to emerging food destinations
Är nuvarande kritiskt kemiska värden relevanta för att bedöma försurningspåverkan på fisk i svenska sjöar?
Get PDFDen antropogena försurningen av sjöar och vattendrag är ett av de största miljöproblemen i Sverige. För att kunna värdera effekterna av de försurande ämnena på sjöar och dess organismer används i dag begreppet kritisk kemisk belastning. Den modell som i huvudsak har använts i norden för att beräkna kritisk kemisk belastning för ytvatten är ”Steady state water chemistry model”. Enligt denna modell anses den kritiska belastningen överskriden då depositionen av svavel är större än vad som kan neutraliseras av ANC. Beräkningen av den kritiska belastningen har utgått från att försurning kan ske till en kritisk koncentration av ANC vid vilken ingen känd påtaglig skada sker på biologin. Definitionen innebär att sannolikheten för skador på biologin skall understiga 10%. Den modell som används i Sverige baseras på norska undersökningar och gränsvärdena är satta efter norska förhållanden. Skillnaderna i vattenkvalitet och biologi mellan norska och svenska vatten, framförallt med avseende humushalt och fiskfaunans artrikedom, innebär att det finns anledning att anta de kritisk kemiska värdena som baseras på norska förhållanden skiljer sig från svenska. För att testa denna hypotes har pH, alkalinitet, ANC, CBALK and ANC/H+ analyserats för att prediktera skador på fiskbestånden i svenska sjöar. Resultatet visar att samtliga fem variablerna är användbara för bedömning av kritiskt kemiska värden. De bästa utfallen ges emellertid av pH, alkalinitet och ANC/H+. Om ANC och CBALK skall användas för detta ändamål måste värdena korrigeras för TOC. Resultaten visar även att de befintliga gränsvärdena bör justeras uppåt för att skador på sjölevande fisk skall undvikas
Determination of carbendazim sorptiondesorption in vietnamese soils with different pH, content of clay and organic carbon
Get PDFUpptag och förekomst av microcystiner i rädisa och sallad vid bevattning med sjövatten som innehåller cyanobakterier
Get PDFIn recent years the number of reports of toxic cyanobacterial blooms in meso-eutrophic surface water bodies both in Sweden and globally has increased. Frequently occuring water blooms lead to an increased risk of human exposure through drinking water, recreational activities (e.g. bathing) and food. Microcystins (Mcyst) is the most commonly produced toxin family associated with cyanobacteria and epidemiological evidence has shown that chronic exposure to microcystins might be one contributing factor to enhanced frequency of liver cancer in some areas in China. It is therefore important to quantitatively and qualitatively study different uptake routes to humans.
In this study the uptake and translocation of microcystins in lettuce and radish was quantitatively analysed with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. One week old plants were exposed daily to environmentally relevant levels (0.74 and 8 µg Mcyst/1) of microcystins for 12 days. The uptake routes tested were either through the roots of plants grown in hydrocultures or through the whole plant surface for plants grown on a conventional soil medium. Whole roots and radishes and lettuce leaves were pooled (from 4 individuals), freeze dried and homogenised. Some samples were rinsed in destilled water before being pooled. The microcystins were extracted in an ammonium hydrogen carbonate buffer and filtrated (0.45 µm) before adequate dilution in a phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.5) and analysed with an ELISA-test kit.
In both lettuce and radish, grown in hydrocultures (8 µg Mcyst/1) uptake through the roots and transport to the upper parts of the plants were observed. In the radish an average of 0.18 µg Mcyst/g dry weight (d.w.) and in the radish roots 0.07 µg Mcyst/g d.w. was recorded. Values for lettuce was 0.01 µg Mcyst/g d.w. in the leaves and 0.15 µg Mcyst/g d.w. in the roots. In plants grown on soil, watered with water containing 8 µg Mcyst/1 an average of 0.024 µg Mcyst/g d.w. was recorded in the radish (stem) and 0.074 µg Mcyst/g d.w. in lettuce leaves. The microcystin content was about 75% lower in rinsed lettuce leaves implying that much of the microcystin is not absorbed but remain on the leaf surface when watered from above. In plants exposed to 0.74 µg Mcyst/1 no uptake through the root or plant surface was observed. No cross reactivity of the ELISA-test with compounds in the plant tissue was observed.
The results indicate that it is possible for humans to be exposed to microcystins through 2 vegetables. It is unlikely that acute toxic effects will occur but the possibility of long term effects cannot be excluded. The tolerable daily intake (TDI), 0.04 µg Mcyst/kg body weight (WHO provisional recommendation) might be exceeded in areas where microcystin contaminated water is used for irrigation, if the microcystin levels observed in this study are representative for levels in staple crops as cereals, potatoes, rice etc
Comparing living and dead tree carbon stocks between burnt and managed forests
Get PDFBoreal forests store about 32% of the global forest carbon stocks, second only to tropical forests that store around 55% of the global forest carbon stocks. However, with the changing climates, it is unsure whether managed or unmanaged forest store more carbon, especially after disturbances such as forest fires. Therefore, carbon stock analyses are important to help prevent climate change. This thesis aimed to compare the carbon stocks of living and dead trees in the boreal zone between two chronosequences: one of managed forest stands and one of previously burnt forest stands. The two chronosequences were created in Västerbotten and Norrbotten counties in northern Sweden and were based off similar site characteristics. Each stand in each chronosequence was inventoried and living and dead tree data was collected. The wood density was calculated for the living trees in each stand. Then the carbon stocks were calculated for all living and standing dead trees above 5 cm in diameter at breast height and for all lying dead wood above 1 cm at the smallest end. Finally, regression analyses were performed to compare the average carbon stocks over time for both chronosequences. The results showed that burnt forests had on average larger carbon stocks over 100-year time periods, but that the managed chronosequence had a larger and more linear carbon stock increase over time. This study did not include carbon stocks for trees smaller than 5 cm dbh, shrubs or the soil and did not account for the impact of soil nutrient availability on total carbon stocks. The study also did not include any calculation of the substitution effect of carbon stocks extracted from the managed stands. Overall, the study showed that 100 years after a forest fire or final harvest, burnt forests store more carbon than managed forest, but this topic could be expanded further
Med periferin i centrum
Get PDFUppsatsen handlar om stadsranden och inleds med en teoretisk genomgång av olika teorier som berör stadsranden. Den andra delen av uppsatsen beskriver en genomförd landskapsanalys av ett stadsrandsområde.
Stadsranden är det som uppstår i gränszonen mellan två olika kategorier; staden och landsbygden. I litteraturen framstår att det finns en mental gränsdragning mellan stad och land som har gjort att de områden som faller utanför dessa indelningar riskerar att ramla mellan stolarna. Att sätta ord på någonting är att ge det makt. Därför menar jag att begreppet stadsrand har en viktig roll att spela för att kunna tolka de delar av staden som inte kan delas in i de klassiska kategorierna.
En egenskap hos stadsrandens landskap är dess föränderlighet och dynamik, liksom att det kan uppfattas som fragmenterat. Att stadsrandsområden har en tendens att uppfattas som diffusa och svårlästa kan vara kopplat till en brist på den historiskt förankrade identitet som ett läsbart kulturlandskap kan förmedla. Områden som uppvisar stadsrandens egenskaper förknippas ofta med svag social och ekologisk hållbarhet, men det går även att se värden förknippade med den sorts gleshet och oprogrammerade ytor som kan finnas i stadsranden.
Det finns olika synsätt ifråga om vilken typ av strategi som är lämplig för att hantera de negativa aspekterna av stadsrandsområden. En viktig åtgärd är att förbättra läsbarheten i områdena, både fysiskt och mentalt. För det kunna göra det behöver både människors förmåga att läsa landskapet höjas, liksom att landskapets läsbara fysiska strukturer tydliggörs.
Som en del av uppsatsen har en landskapsanalys genomförts i området Škaljari i Kotorbukten, Montenegro. Analysområdet är valt utifrån att det uppfyller många av de karaktäristiska kännetecken för stadsranden som har behandlats i teoridelen. För att kunna analysera området utifrån temat stadsranden har en anpassad metod för landskapsanalys tagits fram genom att föra ihop två befintliga analysmetoder; en kulturhistoriskt orienterad och en metod för landskapskaraktärisering. Metoden utgår ifrån en stegvis arbetsprocess med där de fem faserna är: Förberedelse - Beskrivning - Tolkning - Värdering - Aktivering.
Resultatet av landskapsanalysen har lett till bedömningen att Škaljaris historia som stadsrand kan ha påverkat områdets utveckling negativt eftersom området varken är självständigt eller accepteras som en riktig del av den närliggande historiska staden Kotor. Att ligga i skuggan av en ringmursstad med stark kulturhistoria har lett till att det har varit svårt att definiera Škaljaris egna värden, och området har länge blivit förbisett i planeringen. Riktlinjer för att säkra en positiv utveckling av området omfattar bland annat att förstärka Škaljaris egen identitet och stärka områdets rumsliga sammanhang.This essay deals with the concept of the urban fringe, and begins with a theoretical review of various theories that concern the urban fringe. The second part of the essay describes a completed landscape analysis of an urban fringe area.
The urban fringe is what occurs in the border zone between two different categories; the city and the countryside. In the literature, it appears that there is a mental demarcation between city and country which has meant that the areas that fall outside these divisions are at risk of falling through the cracks. To put words to something is to give it power. Therefore, I believe that the concept of urban edge has an important role to play in being able to interpret the parts of the city that cannot be divided into the classic categories.
A characteristic of the urban fringe landscape is its changeability and dynamism, as well as the fact that it can be perceived as fragmented. That urban fringe areas have a tendency to be perceived as diffuse and difficult to read may be linked to a lack of the historically anchored identity that a legible cultural landscape can convey. Areas that exhibit the characteristics of the urban fringe are often associated with weak social and ecological sustainability, but it is also possible to see the values associated with the kind of sparseness and unprogrammed areas that can be found in the urban fringe.
There are different views on what kind of strategy is appropriate to deal with the negative aspects of peri-urban areas. An important measure is to improve legibility in the areas, both physically and mentally. To be able to do that, both people’s ability to read the landscape needs to be increased, as well as the landscape’s legible physical structures being made clear.
As part of the thesis, a landscape analysis has been carried out in the area of Škaljari in the Bay
of Kotor, Montenegro. The analysis area is chosen based on the fact that it fulfills many of the characteristic features of the urban fringe that have been treated in the theory part. In order to be able to analyze the area based on the theme of the urban fringe, an adapted method for landscape analysis has been developed by bringing together two existing analysis methods; a culture-historically oriented and a method for landscape characterization. The method is based on a step-by-step work process with the five phases being: Preparation - Description - Interpretation - Valuation - Activation.
The result of the landscape analysis has led to the assessment that Škaljari’s history as a city fringe may have negatively affected the area’s development, as the area is neither independent nor accepted as a proper part of the nearby historic city of Kotor. Being in the shadow of a walled city with a strong cultural history has meant that it has been difficult to define Škaljari’s own values, and the area has long been overlooked in planning. Guidelines to ensure a positive development of the area include, among other things, strengthening Škaljari’s own identity and strengthening the area’s spatial context
Naturlika planteringar till Kronprinsens takinnergård
Get PDFI det här examensarbetet lämnas ett förslag på en växtgestaltning till en takinnergård,
där fokus lades på att främja områdets pollinatörer. En litteraturstudie har utförts om
vilka växter som visat sig särskilt attraktiva för pollinatörer med syftet att skapa pollinatörsfrämjande planteringar. Ytterligare information som hämtats i litteraturen är
hur man skapar relativt skötsel-extensiva och naturlika planteringar då dessa faktorer
också ingick i projektets önskemål och förutsättningar. Eftersom projektplatsen ligger
på ett urbant grönt tak så har landskapskontext och gröna tak kopplat till biologisk
mångfald, också undersökts i litteraturen. Resultatet blev naturlika och relativt skötsel-extensiva växtgestaltningsförslag, där
många av de blommande växterna visat sig vara särskilt attraktiva för pollinatörer
och/eller vara rika på nektar och pollen. I vissa fall valdes dock växter på grund av sitt utseende.In this master’s project, a proposal is submitted for a plant design for a roof courtyard, where the focus was placed on promoting the area's pollinators. A literature study has
been carried out on which plants have proven particularly attractive to pollinators with the aim of creating pollinator-promoting plantings. Additional information retrieved from the literature is how to create relatively maintenance-extensive and also naturallike plantings as these factors were part of the project's wishes and conditions. Since the project site is located on an urban green space, the landscape context and green areas linked to biodiversity have also been investigated in the literature. The result was naturalistic and relatively maintenance-extensive plant design proposals, where many of the flowering plants proved to be particularly attractive to
pollinators and/or to be rich in nectar and pollen. In some cases, however, plants were chosen because of their appearance