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Green spaces for dogs and humans in coexistence : an investigative study of dog parks
Get PDFI takt med urbaniseringen ökar både antalet hundar och människor i staden. Samtidigt minskar tillgången till grönområden vilket betyder att hundar och
människor tvingas samexistera på mindre ytor. Denna studie undersöker hur offentliga grönområden, i form av hundrastområden, på bästa sätt kan planeras och
gestaltas för att tillgodose både hundars och människors behov, med fokus på samexistens.
Studien består av en litteraturstudie, fallstudier på hundrastområdena Ladugårdsgärdet i Stockholm och Ribersborg i Malmö samt enkäter riktade till hundägare
i urbana miljöer. Litteraturstudiens fokuserar på att redogöra hundens naturliga sinnen och behov samt hur dessa kan kombineras med människan, baserat på
människans preferenser och behov gällande grönområden. Fallstudieområdena bedöms efter Jan Gehls 12 kvalitetskriterier samt efter hundens kvalitetskriterier
och dess kvaliteter analyseras och behandlas slutligen i en SWOT-analys.
Slutligen tar studien fram fem gestaltningskvaliteter: Stora öppna ytor, Flexibla och oprogrammerade ytor, Vegetation, Trygghet och säkerhet samt Sociala mötesplatser.
Dessa kvaliteter gynnar både hundar och människor samt samexistens sinsemellan i urbana hundrastområden. Slutligen appliceras kvaliteterna, som
inte redan existerar i miljön, på Ladugårdsgärdet och Ribersborg genom en förbättringsgestaltning.As the urbanization increases, the population of both dogs and humans in cities are growing. At the same time, the access of green spaces is decreasing, which
forces dogs and humans to coexist in smaller areas. This study investigates how public green spaces, specifically Hundrastområden (Dog parks), can be ideally
planned and designed to meet the needs of both dogs and humans, with a focus on coexistence.
The study consists of a literature review, case studies of the dog parks Ladugårdsgärdet in Stockholm and Ribersborg in Malmö, and a survey focused on dog
owners in urban environments. The literature review aims to account for the natural senses and needs of dogs and how these can be integrated with human preferences
and requirements for green spaces. The case study areas are assessed based on Jan Gehl’s 12 quality criteria, as well as criterias specific to dogs. The
qualities of these spaces are analyzed and further evaluated using a SWOT analysis.
The study ultimately identifies five general design qualities for Hundrasområden: large open spaces, flexible and unprogrammed areas, vegetation, safety and
security, and social meeting places. These qualities benefit both dogs and humans, promoting coexistence within urban Hundrastområden. Finally, the qualities
not already present in the environments of Ladugårdsgärdet and Ribersborg, are applied through an improvement design proposal
The Overlooked Animals : exploring the Role Animals Have in Education at Swedish Agricultural High Schools
Get PDFDjur i undervisning är ett ämne som inte har utforskats ur djurskydds- och djurvälfärdssynpunkt. Ramverket för djur i undervisning utgörs huvudsakligen av Jordbruksverkets föreskrifter om djur i undervisning (Saknr. L105, SFS 2019:19). Dessa föreskrifter skiljer sig från de som gäller för liknande verksamheter, såsom djurparker, genom att de saknar specifik information om hur djuren får användas inom undervisningen. Detta skapar risker för att djur i undervisning används på mycket olika sätt och att djurens välfärd lämnas upp till den djuransvarige. För närvarande finns det inga kompetenskrav för den som är ansvarig för djuren. Syftet med detta arbete har varit att belysa djurhållning på naturbruksgymnasium och undersöka användningen av exotiska djurarter i undervisning med särskilt fokus på exponering och hantering. Syftet är vidare att analysera hur denna användning påverkar djurens välbefinnande och att identifiera eventuella behov av djurskyddsmässiga förbättringsåtgärder. Studien har fokuserat på exotiska sällskapsdjur, vilket inkluderar alla arter som inte är hund eller katt, och samma arter som omfattas av Jordbruksverkets föreskrifter och allmänna råd om villkor för hållande, uppfödning och försäljning m.m. av djur avsedda för sällskap och hobby (Saknr. L80, SJVFS 2019:15). Intervjuer genomfördes med totalt 18 djuransvariga på naturbruksgymnasier som håller exotiska sällskapsdjur. Intervjuerna genomfördes digitalt och transkriberades till text för kvalitativ analys. Resultaten visar att användningen av djur skiljer sig mellan olika skolor, liksom synsätten på vad som är tillåtet att göra med djuren. Därmed har den djuransvarige stor betydelse för djurens välfärd. Kompetensen hos de ansvariga varierar mycket, och bristen på kompetenskrav i lagstiftningen skapar risker för att bedömningen av djurens välfärd kan variera kraftigt beroende på den ansvariges bakgrund. Resultaten visar att djur utsätts för riskfylld hantering och flera stressande moment i undervisningen. Slutsatserna är att djuren utsätts för djurvälfärdsrisker och att djurskyddet för dessa djur generellt är lågt. Mer forskning krävs för att få större insikt i denna typ av djurhållning och för att vidare utvärdera djurens välfärd i verksamheterna
Tapestry of rural lives : trust and ties within BYGDSAM association
Get PDFLocal communities across Europe have been experiencing a decline in population and public services. To counter this trend, civil society often steps up through voluntary associations. Sweden has a strong tradition of voluntary associations (föreningar) that serve a variety of functions in the community, from small repairs to organizing cultural and sporting events. These associations rely heavily on local networks but there has been an attempt by governments to utilize voluntary associations and localize rural development strategies. In this thesis, I have investigated a newly started project by Örnsköldsvik Municipality in Sweden called BYGDSAM, a collaborative project between the municipality and local civil society that works for the goal of rural development.
This thesis examines how the strength of interpersonal ties between different members influences work within the BYGDSAM association as well as outside of it. Through looking at the ties created and their strength I aimed to investigate what role weak networks play in organizing for a common goal. In this thesis, strong ties are conceptualized as relationships that exist between individuals who have frequent interactions, while weak ties are characterized by less frequent interactions and a lesser amount of emotional investment, and often operate through a more extensive network of acquaintances. I studied how different kinds of ties influence BYGDSAM’s ability to organize with other actors in the area for a variety of objectives: making the area more attractive to live in through increased services, employment, housing, and tackling depopulation. Additionally, the aim of the study was to shed light on what role trust and social capital play in this organization.
Using a qualitative methodology, I investigated three out of four BYGDSAM associations currently active in the municipality. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and gathering of extra material that was later thematically analyzed. The study found that BYGDSAM utilizes both strong and weak ties. Strong ties were more common between the members of the association while weak ties were found between BYGDSAM’s board members and other actors in the area such as small business owners and other civil associations. It was also shown that BYGDSAM acts as a bridge and facilitator between different actors in the area through facilitating cooperation, connecting actors with municipal channels, and connecting actors that would otherwise work alone. Finally, the study found that BYGDSAM areas that have a lower presence of different associations have challenges getting actors to engage in their work. This seems to be due to fewer ties between different actors.
The significance of these findings is that they open the potential for further research into the importance of weak ties within rural development. It also opens a possibility of creating a rural development policy that focuses on establishing a link (such as BYGDSAM) that can facilitate cooperation between already existing actors such as civil associations and small business owners
Salt tolerant horticultural plants to save freshwater usage
Get PDFAs freshwater becomes scarce worldwide due to climate change and population increases, there is an urgent need to develop innovative approaches to address the issue of reducing freshwater consumption. Selecting species with high ornamental value and salt tolerance for use as green hedges or bonsai in urban or coastal areas could be a strategic approach for promoting greening and maintaining water resource sustainability. Therefore, this review's first part focuses on identifying suitable species for seawater irrigation by understanding the adaptation mechanisms of halophytes, such as salt exclusion, salt secretion, osmotic adjustment, ionic homeostasis, and salt-tolerance-responsive genes. The second part involves the classification of different salt tolerance levels of species to select horticultural plants as potential candidates for use in saline, arid, and semi-arid regions, or seawater irrigation. Following that, the review examines successful cases to analyze the possibility of application, and subsequently, it concludes with an exploration of limitations, challenges, and opportunities
Animal welfare and animal protection during seal hunting in Sweden : a qualitative and quantitative study on hunting methods and results
Get PDFSeal hunting and animal welfare are subjects that have generated debate. One reason is the concern for animal welfare during hunting. In Sweden, wild animals are not covered by animal welfare legislation; instead, animal protection falls under hunting legislation, which stipulate that hunting should be conducted in a manner that prevents unnecessary suffering to the wildlife. Currently, there is a lack of reliable knowledge and statistics regarding wounded seals in seal hunting. Wounding occurs when a seal is hit by a shot without immediately losing consciousness or dying, resulting in unnecessary suffering and impacting animal welfare. The absence of information on the extent of wounded seals makes it challenging to assess whether seal hunting is carried out in a humane and ethically acceptable manner. One method to obtain information about the outcome of the shot is by retrieving the seal. In Sweden, it is mandatory to report to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency if the seal has been retrieved, as well as to report seals that have been fired at and/or killed during gray and harbor seal hunting.
The purpose of the study is to map how animal welfare is affected by examining factors such as retrieval, seals that have been fired at, and hunting methods in licensed and protective hunting of gray and harbor seals. The mapping is done by investigating the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency's reported data on killed and fired at seals, as well as through organized seal hunting and semi-structured interviews with seal hunters. The study also aims to relate the results to current legislation by examining relevant legal conditions to assess whether seal hunting complies with established standards for good animal welfare.
Abstract
Data from the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency from April 20, 2015, to September 20, 2023, on retrieved seals showed that 56% of gray seals and 69% of harbor seals were retrieved. The retrieval rate varied between months, years, and counties, depending on whether the shot was fired from land or a boat and whether class 1 or class 2 weapons were used. Furthermore, the results showed that no wounded seals had been reported to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency since it became a legal requirement in February 2022.
During participation in hunts, five central factors that can influence seal hunting were examined; weather conditions, distance to the seal, the hunter's experience in hunting and shooting, surface and stability (hunting from a boat or land), and ammunition. These factors can affect the outcome, which has implications for animal welfare. Based on these five factors, a questionnaire was developed for the semi-structured interviews with seal hunters. In the observational study, conducted on two occasions, no instances of wounded seals were observed. Two gray seals were killed, and both seals were retrieved. The hunting was conducted from land, and the seals were shot with class 1 ammunition at shooting distances of 20 and 35 meters while the seals were in the water.
Interviews were conducted with 11 seal hunters, and the results indicated that weather and wind were the factors that most influenced the outcome according to the respondents (10/11). Subsequently, the distance to the seal, the shooter's position (hunting from a boat or land), the seal's impact area, and distance estimation were considered to have an impact on the outcome (8/11). Furthermore, several of them (8/11) believed that seal hunting is the most humane form of hunting, causing the least suffering for the animals. They mainly attribute this to the seal’s primary impact area being the head, and that pursuit in case of a wounded seal are generally short. However, several animal risks were identified, and the majority of the respondents (9/11) had wounded seals since becoming seal hunters.
The conclusion from interviews with seal hunters is that there are instances of wounded seals during seal hunting, and the large number of unretrieved seals, according to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency's data, makes it challenging to assess the impact of the shot. The importance of retrieving seals should be included in hunting legislation, like the importance of tracking wounded animals, as it cannot be determined whether the seal has lost consciousness if the individual remains unretrieved. Unretrieved seals may thus result in unnecessary suffering. The study indicates that reporting of seals that have been fired at and/or wounded to the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency is inadequate. Incomplete information about fired at or wounded seals complicates the assessment of animal welfare in Swedish seal hunting. Improved information about the legal requirement to report fired at and wounded seals can increase reporting, as well as a clearer reporting system that also covers protective seal hunting. To gain further knowledge about animal welfare during seal hunting, information about wounded seals should also be collected, and the requirements for retrieval should be strengthened. Practical shooting tests, maximum shooting distance, mandatory assessment of unconsciousness, and optimal wind speed are other measures that can be beneficial for animal welfare during seal hunting.Säljakt och djurvälfärd är ämnen som har genererat debatt. En orsak är oron för djurvälfärden i samband med jakten. I Sverige omfattas inte vilda djur av djurskyddslagen utan djurskyddet faller under jaktlagen som beskriver att jakt ska bedrivas på ett sådant sätt att viltet inte utsätts för onödigt lidande. I dagsläget råder det en brist på tillförlitlig kunskap och statistik gällande skadeskjutningar vid säljakt. En skadeskjutning innebär att sälen träffas av skottet utan att omedelbart förlora medvetandet eller dö, vilket medför ett onödigt lidande och påverkar djurvälfärden. Avsaknad av information kring skadeskjutningens omfattning gör det svårt att bedöma om säljakten är utförd på ett humant och etiskt acceptabelt sätt. En metod för att erhålla information om utfallet av påskjutningen är genom att bärga sälen. I Sverige är det krav på att rapportera till Naturvårdsverket om sälen har kunnat bärgas, liksom att rapportera fälld samt påskjuten säl vid jakt på gråsäl och knubbsäl.
Syftet med studien är att kartlägga hur djurvälfärden påverkas genom att undersöka faktorer såsom bärgning, påskjutningar och jaktmetoder vid licens- och skyddsjakt på gråsäl och knubbsäl. Kartläggningen sker dels genom att undersöka Naturvårdsverkets rapporterade data över fälld och påskjuten säl, dels genom att medverka vid säljakter och dels via semistrukturerade intervjuer med säljägare. Syftet med studien är även att relatera resultaten till gällande lagstiftning genom att granska relevanta juridiska villkor för att bedöma om säljakten överensstämmer med de fastställda normerna för en god djurvälfärd.
Naturvårdsverkets data från 2015-04-20 till 2023-09-20 över fällda sälar visade att 56 % av gråsälarna och 69 % av knubbsälarna hade bärgats. Bärgningsfrekvensen skiftade mellan månader, år och län, beroende på om skottet avlossats från land eller båt samt om klass 1 eller klass 2 vapen använts. Vidare visade resultaten att inga påskjutna sälar har rapporterats in till Naturvårdsverket sedan det blev ett lagkrav i februari 2022.
Under medverkan på jakter kartlades fem centrala faktorer som kan påverka säljakten; väderförhållanden, avstånd till sälen, jägarens erfarenhet av jakt och skytte, underlag och stabilitet (jakt från båt eller fastland) samt ammunition. Dessa faktorer kan i sin tur påverka utfallet av jakten, vilket har konsekvenser för djurvälfärden. Baserat på de fem faktorerna utformades ett frågeformulär för de semistrukturerade intervjuerna med säljägarna. I observationsstudien, som genomfördes vid två tillfällen, påvisades inga skadeskjutningar. Två gråsälar fälldes och bägge sälarna kunde bärgas. Jakten bedrevs från land och sälarna sköts med klass 1 ammunition på ett skjutavstånd på 20 och 35 meter medan sälarna befann sig i vattnet.
Intervjuer genomfördes med 11 säljägare och resultaten visade att väder och vind var den faktorn som påverkar utfallet i högsta grad enligt respondenterna (10/11). Därefter ansågs avståndet till sälen, skyttens placering (jakt från båt eller land), sälen träffyta och avståndsbedömning vara av betydande påverkan för utfallet (8/11). Vidare ansåg flera av dem (8/11) att säljakten är den mest
Sammanfattning
humana jaktformen och som ger upphov till minst lidande för djuren. Detta menar de främst beror på att sälens primära träffyta är huvudet samt att eftersöken vid skadeskjutningar generellt sett blir korta. Dock framkom ett flertal djurvälfärdsrisker och majoriteten av respondenterna (9/11) hade skadeskjutit säl sedan de blev säljägare.
Slutsatsen från intervjuer med säljägare är att det förekommer skadeskjutningar under säljakt och att det stora antalet obärgade sälar, enligt Naturvårdsverkets data, gör det svårare att bedöma skottets verkan. Vikten av att bärga säl bör inkluderas i jaktlagen likt vikten av eftersök, eftersom det inte går att konstatera att sälen har förlorat medvetandet om individen förblir obärgad. Obärgade sälar kan därmed innebära ett onödigt lidande. Studien indikerar att rapporteringen av påskjutna sälar till Naturvårdsverkets är bristfällig. Ofullständig information om påskjutna sälar försvårar bedömningen av djurvälfärden för den svenska säljakten. Förbättrad information om lagkravet på att rapportera påskjutna sälar kan öka rapporteringen, liksom ett tydligare rapporteringssystem som även omfattar skyddsjakt av säl. För att få ytterligare kunskap om djurvälfärden vid säljakt bör även information om skadeskjutna sälar samlas in samt att kravet på bärgning skärpas. Praktiska skjutprov, maximalt skjutavstånd, obligatorisk bedömning av medvetslöshet och optimal vindhastighet är andra åtgärder som i praktiken kan vara gynnsamma för djurvälfärden vid säljakt
Beteenderespons hos grisar vid gasbedövning i skum
Get PDFThere are several stunning methods used for the commercial slaughter of pigs. The two most common are electric stunning and stunning with carbon dioxide gas. It has been shown that there are several problems related to animal welfare in the stunning methods used today in commercial slaughter. This master thesis was conducted as a part of a broader study aiming to evaluate the use of a new method for gas stunning with high-expansion foam. This study aimed to investigate the differences in pigs’ immediate reaction to high-expansion foam when stunned with nitrogen, argon or carbon dioxide.
The study included a total of 36 pigs, divided into three groups (n=12 per group). The three groups were exposed to three different gas stunning treatments; nitrogen, argon, or carbon dioxide in foam. An ethogram consisting of 12 behaviours was conducted for video-based recording of behaviours. The observations started at the initiation of the foam in the stunning box and continued until the foam filled the entire stunning box.
The result show that the pigs expressed higher frequencies of exploration behaviours when exposed to nitrogen- and argon high-expansion foam, while they expressed higher frequencies of escape attempts when exposed to carbon dioxide high-expansion foam. These findings suggest potential advantages of using nitrogen or argon for stunning pigs with high-expansion foam from an animal welfare point of view. Understanding the behavioural response can contribute to refining stunning techniques, emphasizing the importance of considering the wellbeing of animals during stunning in development and implementation of slaughter practices
Shifting focus from yields to food supply : an evaluation of the ‘number of people fed per hectare’ indicator at farm and national level
Get PDFThe challenge of feeding a growing global population while reducing the pressure on climate and ecosystems has gained much attention in research over the last decades. A crucial yet often overlooked aspect in research addressing this complex challenge is the efficiency of food production in meeting nutritional needs within the constraints of global cropland resources.
Addressing this gap requires a perspective on productivity that extends beyond the traditional metric of yield per hectare to also consider the diverse nutrient needs of a complete diet. An indicator that effectively capture this aspect is the 'number of people that can be fed per hectare' in terms of adequate intake of calories, protein and fat. The mission of this thesis is to evaluate if and how this indicator can offer valuable insights at different levels in the food system. To comprehend the potential benefits of using the indicator and identify its most suitable area of use, the indicator was applied at two different levels in the food system. Calculations were conducted at 1) the national level, focusing on Sweden as a whole, and 2) the individual farm level, applying the indicator to a selection of real farms in order to explore the strengths and shortcomings of the indicator at different scales of application. The case farms, consisting of nine livestock farms that started a transition to a more diversified agriculture, were analysed before and after implemented production changes.
At national level, the indicator proved effective in providing information on the current utilization of edible nutrients in the food system and by highlighting the supply capacity within existing agricultural production. The application of this indicator to Sweden’s agricultural output show that the country's current food production can meet the daily calorie needs of about 5 people per hectare and slightly fewer in terms of protein and fat. Shifting the crops currently used for feed, fuel and other uses towards direct human consumption would double calorie provision and increase protein supply by 50%. Less than half of the edible fat and only around 30% of the proteins and 40% of the calories from crops produced in Sweden 2020 were used as food, with 11% of plant protein and 10% of edible fat going to biofuel and ethanol production.
Applied at farm level, the indicator can serve as a tool for understanding the performance of individual farms, providing insights into how different production decisions affect farm output and land use efficiency in terms of food supply. Its primary utility at farm level lies in tracking the impact of agricultural practices on a particular farm over time. However, it is not ideally suited for benchmarking performance across farms with different natural conditions for agricultural produc-tion.
Finally, this thesis emphasizes the necessity of adopting a holistic approach in the assessment of a farm or region. To ensure a multi-dimensional evaluation that captures the complexities and inter-dependencies inherent in sustainable agricultural systems, the 'number of people fed per hectare' needs to be integrated with a broader range of sustainability indicators, covering ecological, eco-nomic, and social aspects.
In conclusion, the 'number of people fed per hectare' indicator demonstrates greater utility when applied at the national scale than at the farm level. Its application to broader food systems offers valuable insights into agricultural productivity and food supply capacity of a country, which can be useful to evaluate the land use efficiency of current production and further to identifying possible actions to increase the national food supply
Biodiversitet och artsammansättning av växter i den kantnära zonen hos diken och modifierade bäckar : identifiering av underliggande miljöfaktorer i ett borealt skogslandskap
Get PDFModified ecosystems are typically seen as degraded and having no ecological value. In many cases, the modification of the ecosystem was done more than 100 years ago and may have had time to recover and become a refugia for species that were once more common in the landscape. Ditches and straightened streams are one such ecosystem that are at risk of being destroyed through forest management practices like ditch cleaning and poor riparian buffer practices. The overall aim with this study was to get new insights in the poorly explored topic of the ecology of boreal forest ditches and straightened streams. With this study, I start filling a knowledge gap regarding the importance of these artificial waterways, by analysing riparian plant biodiversity (i.e., species richness and Hill-Shannon diversity) and community composition. New knowledge gained from this study can help when deciding on how to manage these systems in the future.
In the Krycklan Catchment Study, close to Vindeln, Sweden, I surveyed ground cover vegetation in plots on 0cm, 20cm and 40cm elevations from the water surface along sixteen ditches and straightened streams. These were on till soil across a catchment area size gradient (0.5 – 50 ha), which allowed me to study what effect catchment area has on riparian plant biodiversity and community composition. I included six small ditches (< 5 ha) on peat soil to study differences in species richness and community composition between soil types.
I hypothesised that the species richness, Hill-Shannon diversity, and community composition would all depend on catchment area, soil type, elevation above the water surface and if the waterway was a ditch or a straightened stream. The species richness of ditches and straightened streams was significantly related to catchment area size while the Hill-Shannon diversity was not. Species richness was significantly higher in plots on till soil on 40 cm elevation than plots on peat soil on 40 cm elevation. Furthermore, Hill-Shannon diversity was significantly lower in plots on 0 cm elevation on till soil than plots on 0 cm elevation on peat soil. Riparian plant community composition was significantly different between ditches and straightened streams and between soil types. Catchment area, carbon – nitrogen ratio, proportion of litter and large wood were the variables driving the composition.
I suggest that the underlaying factors driving the differences in biodiversity and plant community composition in ditches and straightened streams are a combination of hydrological (related to catchment area) and edaphic. The variation in biodiversity and community composition in these systems across soil types and catchment areas needs to be acknowledged and carefully considered when planning for future management
Where does the interest to continuous cover forestry come from?
Get PDFHyggesfritt skogsbruk är något som mer och mer ses som ett intressant alternativ för skogsägare. Det diskuteras hyggesfritt skogsbruk i olika debattforum, på nyheter och i politiska sammanhang. Även hos de väletablerade skogsföretagen pågår diskussioner om hyggesfritt. Ofta kan de hyggesfria metoderna ses som en motpol till det traditionella trakthyggesbruket, som idag är Sveriges vanligaste form av brukande. Intresset från samhället och skogsägare verkar således vara växande och påtagligt, vilket gör det intressant att undersöka varför intresset ökat så markant för att bruka sin skog med hyggesfria metoder.
Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka vad som gör skogsägare intresserade av hyggesfritt skogsbruk. Detta för att bättre förstå varför en del skogsägare väljer dessa metoder framför det traditionella trakthyggesbruket.
Via företaget Plockhugget AB:s sociala medier Facebook och Instagram samt deras nyhetsbrev utfördes en enkätundersökning för insamling av fastighetsuppgifter, fastighetsägarnas åsikter kring hyggesfritt skogsbruk, deras viktigaste mål med skogen samt synpunkter kring företagets skogsbruksstandard. Utifrån de svarande på enkäten genomfördes tio semistrukturerade djupintervjuer. Respondenterna från intervjustudien delades in i dessa fyra grupper: Arv + Annat, Arv + Ekonomi, Förvärv + Annat och förvärv + Ekonomi.
Resultaten visar att skogsägare intresserar sig för hyggesfritt skogsbruk för att det stärker känslan av äganderätten och medför ett skogsbruk där kalhyggen undviks och ersätts med en större potential för kvalitetsvirke. När dessa personer vistas i sin skog tänker de på ägarskap och att bedriva sin skog med egen vilja inom lagens ramar. Gällande den skogliga självverksamheten varierade gruppen Arv + Annat mest på mängden utfört arbete. Alltifrån att utföra avverkningar, gallringar samt mindre skogsvårdsåtgärder till att inte utföra några åtgärder alls. Något som nämns från personerna som gruppen Förvärv + Ekonomi samt de båda grupperna inom Arv är att den bristande kunskapen hos maskinförarna för hyggesfritt innebär mer eget arbete för skogsägaren.
Enkäten visar en gemensam trend hos män och kvinnor att de viktigaste målen med skogen hos dessa skogsägare är dels att få en vacker och trevlig skogsmiljö att vistas i och dels att få en god ekonomisk avkastning. För skogsägarna som svarade på enkäten framhäver hyggesfritt skogsbruk de värden som är viktiga för dem. Skillnaden mellan könen är att kvinnor i den här studien ansåg det som viktigare att förvalta arv medan männen värderar jakten och jaktarrendena högre.
Slutligen visar studien att dessa personer tror att framtiden för hyggesfritt hänger på skogsindustrierna och skogsbolagens vilja att satsa på timmerkvalité istället för billig råvara till enbart framställning av pappersmassa eller bioenergi.The interest in non-clearcut forestry is increasingly viewed as an appealing alternative for forest owners. Non-clearcut forestry is discussed in different debate forums, news, and in political contexts. Even well-established forestry companies engage in discussions about this approach, often seen as a counterpoint to the conventional clearcutting, which is currently the most common form of forestry in Sweden. The growing and tangible interest from society and forest owners makes it intriguing to investigate why the interest has increased significantly in practicing non-clearcut forestry.
The purpose of this study is to examine what motivates forest owners to be interested in non-clearcut forestry. This is done to better understand why some forest owners choose these methods over traditional clearcutting.
Through the company Plockhugget AB's social media platforms Facebook and Instagram, as well as their newsletter, a survey was conducted to collect property information, gather opinions on non-clearcut forestry, their primary goals with the forest, and gather feedback on the company's forestry standards. Based on the respondents to the survey, ten semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted. The respondents of the interviews were divided into these four groups, Inheritance + Other, Inheritance + Economy, Acquisition + Other and Acquisition + Economy.
The results indicate that forest owners are interested in non-clearcut forestry because it strengthens the sense of property rights and promotes a form of forestry that avoids clearcuts, replacing them with a greater potential for high-quality timber. When these individuals are in their forests, they think about ownership and conducting forestry according to their own will within legal boundaries. Regarding forestry activities, the group Inheritance + Other varied the most in the amount of work performed. Ranging from conducting harvests, thinnings, and minor forestry measures to not do any practices at all. Something mentioned by individuals in the Acquisition + Economy group and both groups within Inheritance is that the lack of knowledge among machine operators for non-clearcut forestry results in more work for the forest owner. Something mentioned by individuals in the Acquisition + Economy group and both groups within Acquisition is that the lack of knowledge among machine operators for non-clearcut forestry results in more work for the forest owner.
The survey reveals a common trend among men and women that the forest owners' primary goals are to create a beautiful and pleasant forest environment and to achieve good economic returns. Non-clearcut forestry, for those who responded to the survey, emphasizes the values that are important to them. The difference between genders is that, in this study, women consider it more important to manage heritage, while men value hunting and hunting leases more.
Finally, the study shows that these individuals believe the future of non-clearcut forestry depends on the willingness of the forestry industry and forest companies to emphasize timber quality over only cheap raw materials for production of pulpwood or bioenergy
Cultivating connections: exploring the impact of community garden on social cohesion : in a socio-economic disadvantaged neighbourhood in Sweden
Get PDFThe study delves into the interplay between the social dynamics of the community garden space and broader socio-political forces, exploring how these factors mold practices and interactions within the community garden, thereby influencing social cohesion. Despite the apparent segregation, Tensta Garden serves as a catalyst, inspiring residents to construct relationships, actively participate, and cultivate connections and shared experiences.
The research underscores that, although minoritized communities may grapple with substantial negative consequences arising from socio-spatial exclusion from mainstream Swedish society, their neighbourhood is often perceived as a secure haven. Through everyday activities, residents mobilize to promote social cohesion and nurture a profound sense of belonging.
However, it's crucial to recognize that while community gardens have their merits, they cannot be seen as a panacea for addressing issues like unequal access to social networks. Instead, they should be viewed as an integral component of a more comprehensive strategy that commences at the grassroots level within communities. This approach acknowledges that significant change could begin within communities and does not downplay segregation. Rather, it recognizes that segregation is rooted in structural inequalities, discrimination, and political decisions.
Despite the challenges posed by the physical segregation of minorities, neighbourhoods dominated by minority populations can serve as safe spaces for them, drive positive change, and ultimately contribute to progress. In essence, these areas have the potential to benefit segregated populations, emphasizing the need for a multifaceted approach to address complex societal issues