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Blågröna skyfallslösningar för Håbo kommun : en litteraturstudie
Get PDFClimate change effect the world in many different ways. A warmer climate will lead to more extreme weather such as drought and heavy downpours. As a result, the downpours that occurs in 100- and 500-years intervals, called 100 and 500 downpours, will happen more often. All the municipalities and county administrative boards in Sweden needs to adapt to these climate changes and protect its citizens from it. This report will go through different green and blue-green solutions to minimize the negative effects these downpours that Sweco has investigated for Håbo municipality. Blue-green solutions is solutions that use plants to bind water in a combination with different magazines that will catch up the rainwater. This report will focus on blue-green roofs, which is when you install plant beds with magazines to catch up some excess water, and also focus on the trees different water-uptake ability. This report will not talk about the economics for these solutions nor how long time it will take to install these solutions. The question of this report is “Which blue-green downpours solutions is most efficient to install in the center of Bålsta and where will the solutions be installed to increase Bålsta’s resistens against downpour?”.
The report notes which areas in the urban area of Bålsta in Håbo municipality that will have most negative effects of future downpours. Furthermore, this is a literature study and for this report a field study in Bålsta has also been conducted by the student. It breaks down similar studies to get an understanding of different tree species abilities to catch downpour through interception and through the root system, as well as which species that is common in urban areas and are also drought- and water-tolerant, this to get a picture of which tree species that will work well as protection against heavy downpour. Different green and blue-green roofs were studied to understand which to use. There can grow different species of plants on these roofs and an evaluation on which species can take up most water and survive drought periods was made. Different substrate for the plant beds were studied.
The result showed that it was most efficient to use blue-green roofs because of their storage capacity, and that some of them also has delaying and irrigation mechanisms. It exists both advantages and disadvantages with different tree species and blue-green roof solutions. It is also important to not plant invasive trees or other invasive plants. In conclusion, Bålsta should implement a blue-green roof solution with a compartment with a back system that is supplemented by a tray located underneath, to maximize the storage effect. On the plant bed in this solution, native meadow plants should be planted, and the bed’s substrate should be organic material with sand and pumice stone. The trees should be planted below the esker in Bålsta, at Gröna dalen, Dalvägen and Kärlekens väg. The trees that are most effective to plant below the esker is Giant thuja, Douglas fir and Black pine. At the roads in Bålsta, especially along Dalvägen and Kärlekens väg, Small-leaved linden, Ginkgo and Catalpa bignonioides should be planted
How riding teachers and coaches implement horse welfare in their teaching
Get PDFSyftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur ridlärare och tränare i Sverige definierar, upplever och applicerar begreppet hästvälfärd i sin undervisning. Studien ämnade även att belysa hur utbildningsnivå och yrkeserfarenhet påverkar dessa uppfattningar samt hur tränare och ridlärare hanterar balansen mellan elevens utveckling och hästens behov. Detta är särskilt relevant i en tid då ridsportens legitimitet och social license to operate allt oftare ifrågasätts i samhällsdebatten och i sociala medier. Studien baseras på en kvalitativ intervjustudie med åtta ridlärare och tränare av olika åldrar, kön, utbildningsnivå och från olika geografiska områden i Sverige. Intervjuerna analyserades med tematisk innehållsanalys för att identifiera gemensamma teman och mönster i respondenternas resonemang.
Resultatet visar att hästvälfärd är en central del i ridlärarnas och tränarnas yrkesroll. Samtliga respondenter definierade begreppet med utgångspunkt i hästens individuella behov, såsom fysisk hälsa, socialt umgänge och återhämtning. Dock varierade fokusområden då vissa betonade ridning och träning medan andra fokuserade på stallmiljö och hästhållning i vardagen. Det fanns en tydlig kollektiv syn, där uttrycket "vi inom ridsporten" ofta användes för att uttrycka det gemensamma ansvaret för hästvälfärden.
En återkommande aspekt var betydelsen av kommunikation, med både elever, kollegor och hästägare. Kommunikationen ansågs som ett avgörande verktyg för att främja hästvälfärden. Flera av respondenterna beskrev vikten av att stå fast vid sina värderingar även i svåra sammanhang. Flera menade också att erfarenhet spelar en avgörande roll för att kunna ta ställning i etiskt laddade situationer.
Studien visar också att utbildning påverkar hur välfärdsbegreppet formuleras. De med högre utbildningsnivå tenderade att använda ett mer vetenskapligt språk och refererade till aktuell forskning. Respondenter med lång yrkeserfarenhet uppvisade en större trygghet i att stå upp för sina principer, även i svåra situationer. Sociala medier och samhällets granskning av ridsporten beskrevs både som positiva drivkrafter för förändring och som källor till oro. En del respondenter uttryckte en rädsla för att bli missförstådda eller uthängda, vilket påverkar undervisningsklimatet. Samtidigt lyftes sociala medier fram som viktiga för att öka medvetenhet och sprida goda exempel.
Studien visar att ridlärare och tränare aktivt omsätter sina värderingar kring hästvälfärd i praktisk undervisning. Respondenterna definierar begreppet hästvälfärd som att tillgodose hästens naturliga behov och se varje individs enskilda behov. Detta sker i praktiken genom individanpassning för hästarna av träning och hästhållning, medveten elevhantering samt ett starkt etiskt förhållningssätt som präglar både umgänget med hästarna och det pedagogiska arbetet med elever. Studien visar också en kollektiv medvetenhet där många ser sig som en del av ”vi inom ridsporten”, vilket är ett uttryck för viljan att påverka hela sporten i en mer etisk och hållbar riktning. Hästvälfärd ses som ett icke-förhandlingsbart område där ridlärare och tränare anser sig bära ett mycket stort ansvar, inte bara för hästarna i sin närhet utan också för att forma framtidens hästmänniskor.This study investigates how riding instructors and trainers in Sweden define, experience, and
implement the concept of horse welfare in their teaching practices. It also explores how
professional education and years of experience influence their views, and how they balance the
development of students with the needs and well-being of horses.
The study was conducted through semi-structured interviews with eight professionals from various
regions in Sweden, differing in age, gender, and educational background. The data was analyzed
using thematic content analysis to identify patterns and recurring themes in participants' narratives.
The results show that horse welfare is perceived as a central component of the professional
identity of instructors and trainers. While all participants emphasized the importance of meeting
the horse's individual needs, the focus varied from daily care and stable environment to training
and competition management. Many highlighted the importance of making thoughtful choices in
everyday teaching to ensure a positive experience for both horse and rider.
Instructors emphasized the need to explain not just what to do, but why and how, in order to
enhance students’ understanding and decision-making skills. Several respondents also discussed
the ethical dilemmas involved in student-horse relationships and stressed the importance of
standing by one’s professional values, even if it means losing students.
Participants described a growing collective awareness, using phrases like “in equestrian sport”,
which suggests a shared responsibility for shaping a more sustainable and ethically defensible
future for the sport. However, generational differences and varying levels of education were noted
as potential barriers to this change.
The study shows that riding instructors and trainers actively translate their values regarding equine
welfare into practical teaching. The respondents define the concept of equine welfare as meeting
the horse’s natural needs and recognizing each individual’s specific requirements. In practice, this
is achieved through individualized training and horse management, conscious student interaction,
and a strong ethical approach that characterizes both the handling of horses and the pedagogical
work with students. The study also highlights a collective awareness, where many identify as part
of "we within equestrian sports", a reflection of their desire to influence the entire sport in a more
ethical and sustainable direction. Equine welfare is viewed as a non-negotiable area, where riding
instructors and trainers see themselves bearing great responsibility, not only for the horses in their
care but also for shaping the horse people of the future
Swedish farmers’ strategies for recruitment processes
Get PDFDetta arbete undersöker hur svenska lantbrukare strategiskt hanterar sin rekrytering vid brist på
arbetskraft. Studien bygger på kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem lantbrukare från
mellan- och Sydsverige. Studien använder ett teoretiskt ramverk som kombinerar Lafley &
Martins strategiska valtrappa, Mintzbergs strategi- och planeringsteorier, samt bricolageteori och
kontingensteori.
Resultaten visar att strategisk planering inom rekrytering är vanligt förekommande, men ofta
sker informellt och utifrån personliga erfarenheter snarare än nedskrivna mål eller uttalade mål.
Många lantbrukare söker främst lokalt efter säsongsarbetskraft och betonar driv, vilja att lära,
engagemang och personkemi framför utbildning. Flexibilitet, ansvar och möjligheter till
utveckling används som konkurrensmedel för att attrahera och behålla arbetskraft.
Arbetskraften betraktas som en strategisk resurs, där långsiktiga relationer anses väldigt viktiga
för verksamheterna. Bricolage-lösningar såsom mekanisering och familjeinsatser används ibland
för att hantera och förebygga brist. Studien pekar på att både stora och små jordbruksföretag kan
arbeta strategiskt, men att det finns utvecklingspotential även där.This work investigates how Swedish farmers strategically manage their recruitment in the event of
a labor shortage. The study is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with five farmers
from central and southern Sweden. The study uses a theoretical framework that combines Lafley
& Martin's strategic choice ladder, Mintzberg's strategy and planning theories, as well as bricolage
theory and contingency theory.
The results show that strategic planning in recruitment is common, but often occurs informally
and based on personal experiences rather than written goals or stated objectives. Many farmers
primarily search locally for seasonal labor and emphasize drive, willingness to learn, commitment
and personal chemistry over education. Flexibility, responsibility and opportunities for
development are used as competitive tools to attract and retain labor.
Labor is considered a strategic resource, where long-term relationships are considered very
important for the operations. Bricolage solutions such as mechanization and family efforts are
sometimes used to manage and prevent shortages. The study points out that both large and small
agricultural companies can work strategically, but that there is development potential there too
Choosing continuous-cover forestry : values and decision-making among private forest owners
Get PDFIntresset för hyggesfritt skogsbruk växer, men den praktiska användningen av metoderna är fortsatt låg. De enskilda skogsägarna äger nästan hälften av Sveriges skogsmark och har således en avgörande roll i hur skogen utvecklas och vilka värden som prioriteras.
Hyggesfritt skogsbruk lyfts ofta fram som positivt för bland annat sina ekologiska fördelar, samtidigt som skogen också är central i den gröna omställningen. Hur skogen ska brukas är därför en komplex fråga, där ett mer diversifierat skogsbruk med utrymme för olika skötselmetoder är en lösning. För att skapa incitament för varierade brukningsmetoder krävs ökad förståelse för skogsägarnas värderingar och beslutsprocess vid val av skötsel.
Denna studie undersöker vilka faktorer som påverkar de enskilda skogsägarnas användning av hyggesfritt. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer kartlades både deras värderingar och yttre förutsättningar som påverkat valet av skötselmetod. Den insamlade empirin analyserades därefter med hjälp av studiens teoretiska ramverk.
Resultaten visar att miljövärderingar och ekologiskt ansvar ofta ligger bakom intresset för hyggesfritt, men att det inte alltid leder till handling. Ekonomin framstod både som ett hinder och som förenligt med hyggesfria metoder, medan upplevd kontroll var avgörandet för beslutet. Mer erfarna skogsägare litade på sin egen kunskap, medan nyare i högre grad sökte information och rådgivning. Samtidigt skapade bristen på praktiska exempel och tillförlitlig information osäkerhet. Hyggesfritt upplevdes som mer arbetskrävande och eget arbete sågs ofta som en förutsättning, där tilltron till externa aktörers kunskap om hyggesfritt var låg hos de hyggesfria brukarna. Sammanfattningsvis formas beslut om hyggesfritt av en kombination av värderingar, praktiska förutsättningar och ekonomiska överväganden.The interest in Continuous Cover Forestry (CCF) is growing, but the practical application of these methods remains limited. The private forest owners in Sweden own nearly half of the country’s forest land, giving them a crucial role in how the forest develops and which values are prioritized.
CCF is often viewed positively, for instance for its ecological benefits, while forests also play a central role in the green transition. How forest should be managed is a complex question, where a more diversified forestry practice that allow for varied silvicultural methods are proposed as one solution. To create incentive for diverse management methods, a deeper understanding of forest owner’s values in relation to their management choices is needed.
This study investigate which factors influence private forest owners use of CCF methods. Through qualitative interviews, both their values and the external conditions that affecting their management decisions where examined. The collected data were then analysed using the study’s theoretical framework.
The results show that environmental values and ecological responsibility often underpin the interest in CCF, although this does not always translate into action. Economic considerations emerged both as a barrier and as compatible with CCF practices, while perceived control was decisive in the decision-making process. More experienced forest owners relied on their own knowledge, whereas newer owners were more likely to seek information. At the same time, the lack of practical examples and reliable information created uncertainty. CCF was perceived as more labour-intensive and personal involvement was often seen as a prerequisite. Trust in extern actor’s knowledge of CCF was low among those practicing it. In summary, decisions regarding CCF are shaped by a combination of values, practical conditions and economic considerations
Regler i praktiken : hur djurägares kompetens och djurskyddslagstiftning påverkar mindre och exotiska sällskapsdjurs välfärd
Get PDFSmall and exotic pets (SEP) have grown in popularity in Sweden over the last decades. It has therefore become increasingly important to assess what welfare concerns may or may not exist for these pets. Owner competence has the potential to greatly influence SEP welfare as knowledge regarding their pets’ health, nutritional needs, proper housing, and behavioural needs directly informs and impacts their husbandry practices. Previous studies have shown that a lack of owner competence has led to an impaired welfare due to improper husbandry practices for SEP. Animal welfare legislation has the potential to influence SEP husbandry, however it is uncertain what impact current Swedish animal welfare legislation has on SEP husbandry.
This study aimed to assess the competence level of Swedish owners of the SEP: rabbits, guinea pigs, domestic rats, and hamsters regarding their pets’ husbandry, welfare, and relevant animal welfare legislation. The study also aimed to investigate SEP owner perceptions and attitudes towards Swedish animal welfare legislation and how it may influence Swedish SEP husbandry and welfare.
To achieve this a survey study was conducted. A separate survey was created for each of the four groups of SEP owners and consisted of three sections: Section 1) Self-evaluation, Section 2) Questions regarding SEP husbandry and welfare, and Section 3) Questions and statements regarding Swedish animal welfare legislation. The surveys were then distributed online in Facebook groups dedicated to the focal SEP.
A total of 272 respondents completed one of the four surveys wherein 66.2% were rabbit owners, 12.1% were guinea pig owners, 9.6% were domestic rat owners, and 12.5% were hamster owners. The SEP owners in this study evaluated their knowledge regarding their pets’ husbandry, welfare, and relevant legislation as good overall across all four surveys. From the results for Section 2 SEP owners included in this study were deemed knowledgeable regarding the health, nutritional needs, and housing needs, of their pets but were less knowledgeable regarding their pets’ behaviour. Results also showed that SEP owners were less knowledgeable regarding Swedish animal welfare legislation. Overall SEP owners held positive attitudes towards said legislation, however, they also believed that it was insufficiently supervised and/or enforced.
It was concluded that SEP owners were more knowledgeable regarding their pets’ husbandry and welfare in this study than found in that of previous studies, however possible knowledge gaps regarding SEP behaviour were found. SEP owner perception was positive overall regarding Swedish animal welfare legislation, however, it was concluded that Swedish SEP owners lacked knowledge regarding said legislation, and it is therefore uncertain to what extent it may influence Swedish SEP husbandry and welfare
Exploring the impact of gendered labor inequalities on the well-being of women workers on tea plantations : a case study in Badulla district, Sri Lanka
Get PDFThis thesis explores gendered labor inequalities and their impact on the well-being of women workers in Sri Lankan tea plantations. Based on Marxist Feminist theory and a multidimensional well-being framework, the study examines how women are subjected to structural inequalities through paid labor, unpaid domestic labor, and patriarchal control and how these inequalities impact women’s physical, mental, and social well-being. Using the qualitative methods of semi-structured interviews, participant observations, and thematic analysis, data were collected and analyzed from tea estate communities in Badulla District of Sri Lanka. The findings are organized across five key themes: economic exploitation, the double burden of paid and unpaid labor, patriarchy and power, well-being, and institutional neglect, demonstrating how each theme contributes to overall women workers’ physical, mental, and social well-being. The study reveals several underexplored issues in existing literature, such as sexual favoritism where supervisors offer preferential treatment in exchange for sexual compliance, stigma around menstruation and health issues, absence of supportive structures such as accessible child care and health, and alcoholism and widespread production and consumption of illegal alcohol (kasippu). Importantly, the study identifies a feedback loop between labor conditions and well-being, where chronic fatigue and mental stress reduce women's ability to meet labor demand, leading to further wage loss and marginalization. These dynamics show that well-being is not only an outcome of gendered inequalities but also a factor that affects women’s agency and labor capacity. The study findings further contribute to new insights by examining women’s experiences in Badulla district, a major tea-producing region in Sri Lanka, which has received limited scholarly attention. By positioning women's lived experiences within the broader structures of capitalism and patriarchy, this study contributes to the ongoing conversations on labor justice and gender equality. It encourages the recognition of both paid and unpaid labor and urges action to deal with deep-rooted gender inequalities. It also emphasizes the importance of prioritizing well-being and the dignity of estate women in policy making and development efforts
Farmers' perceptions and awareness of climate change adaptation strategies in local agricultural practices : a case study in the Badulla District, Sri Lanka
Get PDFClimate variability poses a growing challenge to smallholder farming systems in Sri Lanka, particularly in the Uva Province. This study examined farmer perceptions, awareness, and adaptation responses to climate change in the Badulla District through a survey of local farmers complemented by interviews with key stakeholders from the Provincial Department of Agriculture.
The findings revealed that farmers are generally well aware of climate change, with their understanding shaped largely by mass media and, to a lesser extent, by extension services, schools, and print media. Most farmers perceive climate change as being driven by both human and natural causes, and they frequently associate it with locally experienced impacts such as irregular rainfall patterns and declining water availability. Education emerged as an important factor influencing awareness, with better-informed farmers demonstrating stronger recognition of climate risks. Adaptation strategies were primarily low-cost, experience-based measures such as crop diversification and adjustments to planting and harvesting schedules. More resource-intensive approaches, including the use of improved varieties, mulching, and water-harvesting practices, were adopted less frequently. Farmers generally expressed only moderate confidence in the effectiveness of these strategies, reflecting limitations in both knowledge and resources. Key barriers included inadequate access to information, limited financial capacity, and insufficient technical support.
Insights from interviews highlighted that while farmers rely strongly on personal observation and practical experience, they tend to resist unfamiliar or knowledge-intensive practices. Although institutional support, mainly from the Department of Agriculture, has been significant, many farmers remain underserved due to gaps in outreach, communication, and the adoption of decision-support tools such as the national Crop Calendar. Overall, the study emphasizes the need to strengthen climate communication strategies, tailor interventions to farmers’ education levels, integrate financial and technical support, and improve institutional outreach. Such measures are crucial to translating awareness into effective adaptation and building resilience within local agricultural practices
Rörelsemönster hos lodjur : har lodjur särskilda platser som de återvänder till och vilka faktorer leder dem dit?
Get PDFIn recent years, large carnivores have recolonised human-dominated landscapes after near extinction. As their populations recover, efficient monitoring has become a crucial part of management. In Scandinavia, various techniques are used for the annual survey of Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx). This study investigated whether female lynx revisit specific locations in their home range for extended periods, and what habitat factors characterise these locations. These results could improve camera trap placement for the yearly monitoring of lynx family groups. GPS locations from 17 female lynx in periods between 2008 and 2023 were used to identify long-term GPS location clusters. A total of 214 long-term clusters were identified, with a minimum of three positions within a 100-meter radius, exceeding 96 hours from first to last position. Generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used to analyse the effects of proportion of total forest, human infrastructure and water and wetland, distance to large and small roads, the index value of terrain ruggedness and habitat suitability on the position, on the probability of a lynx cluster compared to random position and lynx single position, which were locations that were not included in a cluster. The habitat suitability index was higher at lynx clusters compared to lynx single positions. Terrain ruggedness and total forest had a positive effect on the probability of a lynx cluster in the highest-ranked models for both datasets: lynx cluster – lynx single positions, as well as in lynx cluster – random positions. In contrast, human infrastructure had a negative effect on lynx clusters compared to lynx single positions. The long-term clusters were likely selected for safety as the lynx prefer forested and rugged terrain for protection. By analysing long-term clusters, it is identified that the lynx returns to specific locations with safe habitats. Camera traps could be placed in similar habitats which could enhance camera trap placement, ultimately improving lynx monitoring in Scandinavia
Den ekologiska relationen mellan tiden på dagen, miljöfaktorer och boskapspredation av afrikanska lejon (Panthera leo) : Ol Pejeta Conservancy, Kenya
No full textThis study examined the relationship between environmental conditions, the time of the day and cattle predation by African lions (Panthera leo) at Ol Pejeta Conservancy, in Kenya, from February 2017 to October 2023. The African lion is classified as vulnerable due to ongoing population decline following losses of habitats and conflicts with humans over livestock. Human-wildlife conflicts constitute a significant challenge to biodiversity conservation and human livelihoods.
Predation patterns were investigated by using incident reports of cattle predation at Ol Pejeta Conservancy during the night, day and in total combined with environmental data of (1) daily rainfall, (2) rainfall for the preceding 90-, 60-, 30- and 7-days, (3) cloud cover, (4) moon phases and (5) remotely sensed estimates of grassland biomass (MSAVI2) as a proxy for grass heights.
Overall, no difference in cattle predation was found between the night and day. The results further revealed that tall grass was associated with a higher number of cattle killed during nights and in total, whereas shorter grass was associated with a higher number of cattle killed during daytime. Furthermore, heavier daily rainfall was associated with more cattle killed during nights and in total. Nights with higher rainfall levels for the preceding 90-days was associated with a higher number of cattle killed. This pattern was also found with higher rainfall levels for the preceding 60-days during night and in total. Contrariwise, lower rainfall levels for the preceding 60-days, resulted in a higher number of cattle killed during the day. Lastly, first quarter moon resulted in more killed cattle during nights, whereas lighter moonlight levels, specifically full moon, was associated with more cattle killed during the day.
Cattle predation is reported to increase during rainier conditions, denser vegetation and darker conditions, most likely as lions can stay undetected from prey or that wild prey is more dispersed, causing lions to switch to domestic prey. However, the findings of this study suggest that it is of importance of taking the time of the day into consideration, as the impact of the environmental conditions on cattle predation varied during the night, day and in total. By including the time of the day, a better insight of how especially different moon phases influence predation was captured. Around days with full moon, increased predation was observed during the day, most likely as lion are unsuccessful hunting with more luminosity during the night. Thus, by including the time of the day, a more nuanced understanding of how environmental conditions influence predation may be obtained. Importantly, variations in climatic conditions due to climate change is expected to intensify human-wildlife conflicts. Understanding the ecological part of human-wildlife conflicts is therefore highly important. The findings of this study can be used by farmers, conservation practitioners or other involved parts into tailoring mitigation strategies and promote long-term co-existence of lions and humans
Nutritional Assessment Focusing on Beta-carotene and Dietary Fibre of Fermented Grated Carrots : supplementary Life Cycle Assessment
Get PDFThis master’s thesis was conducted in collaboration with Axfoundation and their initiative Blood and Turnip. A notable amount of carrots produced goes to waste and about a third of the carrots produced are not used as food. This thesis investigates the impact of lactic acid fermentation on the nutritional composition of one of Axfoundation’s newly developed products, fermented, grated carrots from upcycled packhouse side streams mixed with a vegan mayonnaise. The primary objective was to assess the effects of fermentation on the content of beta-carotene and dietary fibre. Nutritional analyses were conducted by an external laboratory using established analytical methods.
Additionally, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to estimate the carbon dioxide footprint of the final product using a standard methodology.
The results from the nutritional analysis indicated an increase in the detected levels of beta-carotene and fibre following fermentation. These findings were consistent with previous studies suggesting that fermentation may enhance the bioavailability of certain nutrients. The LCA resulted in a carbon dioxide value that was lower compared to similar products currently available on the market. However, this result should be interpreted with caution, considering factors such as the quality of raw materials and specific process parameters.
In conclusion, the study supports the hypothesis that fermentation may enhance the nutritional quality of vegetable-based food products. However, further research is required to isolate the specific mechanisms by which fermentation affects the nutrient availability, and to validate the results under varied conditions.Denna masteruppsatts är genomförd i samarbete med Axfoundation som en del av deras projekt Blod och Rova. En betydande mängd morötter som produceras blir svinn, och ungefär en tredjedel av de producerade morötterna används inte som livsmedel. Uppsatsen undersöker hur mjölksyrafermentering påverkar näringsinnehållet i en av deras nyutvecklade produkter, fermenterade, rivna morötter från återvunna sorteringsflöden, blandade med en vegansk majonnäs. Det huvudsakliga syftet var att utvärdera hur fermentering påverkar halten av betakaroten och kostfibrer. Näringsanalyser utfördes av ett externt laboratorium med etablerade analysmetoder.
Utöver detta genomfördes en livscykelanalys (LCA) för att uppskatta produktens koldioxidavtryck med hjälp av en standardiserad metod.
Resultaten från näringsanalysen visade en ökning i detekterat betakaroten och fiberinnehåll efter fermentering. Dessa resultat överensstämmer med tidigare studier som tyder på att fermentering kan öka biotillgängligheten av visa näringsämnen. LCA:n visade ett lägre koldioxidvärde jämfört med liknande produkter på marknaden. Detta resultat bör tolkas med försiktighet med hänsyn till faktorer som råvarornas kvalitet och processparametrar.
Sammanfattningsvis bekräftar studien hypotesen att fermentering kan förbättra den näringsmässiga kvaliteten hos vegetabiliska livsmedelsprodukter. För framtiden krävs ytterligare forskning för att isolera de specifika mekanismerna genom vilka fermentering påverkar näringstillgängligheten och för att bekräfta dessa resultat under varierande förhållanden