Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

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    Urban löpning

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    Hur upplevs Malmö som löpstad? I den här kandidatuppsatsen tar jag upp ämnet urban löpning, ett fenomen som blir alltmer vanligare då Sverige och världen är i en positiv trend när det kommer till urbanisering. Fler flyttar till staden, städer förtätas och städer byggs ut, och staden måste på samma gång uppfylla de krav som människan i staden kräver. En sådan aktivitet är löpning, en aktivitet som kanske borde få större plats i staden, men även i diskussionen kring stadsplanering. Idag är även folkhälsan, och den psykiska ohälsan som ökat på senaste åren, en viktig aspekt när det kommer till utformning av staden, för miljön påverkar oss människor väldigt mycket. Till exempel bidrar gröna miljöer och solljus till ett ökat välmående. Kan löpningen vara en del av lösningen? I uppsatsen görs en upplevelsestudie, både min egen och andras, samt tar avstamp i teori där redan välarbetade rapporter angående urban löpning finns, bland annat skriven av Mattias Qviström som är ledande i ämnet. Viktiga kvaliteter från de tre perspektiven handlar först och främst om vegetation, men även flyt och rytm, karaktärsskiftande miljö och stimuli, samt underlag. Upplevelsestudiens löprunda utspelade sig i centrala Malmö på de mest frekvent sprungna vägarna. Det diskuteras om upplevelsen och förbättringar och möjligheter. Malmö generellt är en stad med många kvaliteter, jag ställer mig frågan hur löpmiljön ser ut i de områderna som upplevelsestudien inte inkluderar. Det finns konkreta, enklare åtgärden som mer belysning, och tydliggörande som 100m markörer och kartor för slingor. Upplevelsestuiden resulterade i önskningar om förbättringar av miljön som påverkar fler än bara löparen. I uppsatsen så inser jag att det inte bara handlar om löpning. Det handlar om människan i staden, och att förbättringar som gynnar löparen även gynnar många fler. Livet mellan husen, och människan i staden. Även de centrala problemen som folkhälsa samt biologiska och sociala aspekter. Kanske finns det en och samma lösning för många problem som inte skulle innebära att stadsplanerare måste bort prioritera? I diskussionen leker vi med tanken att ett grönstråk etableras i centrala Malmö, ett exempel på en multifunktionell miljö som förbättrar upplevelsen av miljön, inte bara för löpning. Ett exempel som borde vara något Malmö stad strävar mot genom deras strategier. ”... skapa förutsättningar för goda livsvillkor men också att underlätta för en god livsstil.” (s.17) som det står i Malmöstads översiktsplan (2019).5 How is Malmö perceived as a running city? In this Bachelor thesis I address the topic of urban running, a phenomenon that is becoming increasingly common, as Sweden and the world is in a positive trend when it comes to urbanization. More people are moving to the city, cities are densifying and cities are being expanded, and the city must at the same time meet the demands of the people in the city. One such activity is running, an activity that should perhaps be given more space in the city, but also in the discussion. Today, public health, and mental health which has increased in recent years, is also an important aspect when it comes to designing the city, because the environment has a huge impact on us humans. For example, green environments and sunlight contribute to well-being. Could running be part of the solution? In the essay an experiences study, both my own as a runner but also other runners in Malmö, and draws on theory where there are already well-documented reports on urban running, including some written by Mattias Qviström, who is a leader on the subject. Important qualities from the three perspectives are first and foremost vegetation, but also flow and rhythm, character changing environment and stimuli, and ground material. Malmö in general is a city with many qualities, the question is whether it looks like this throughout the city? The experiential running rout took place in central Malmö on the most frequently run roads. There is a discussion about the experience and improvements and opportunities. There are concrete, simpler remedies such as more lighting, and clarifications such as 100m markers and maps for loops. There are also a lot of remedies and requests that improve the environment for more than just the runner. In the essay, I realize that it is not just about running. It is about people in the city, and that improvements that benefit the runner also benefit many others. The life between the houses, and the people in the city. Also the key issues of public health and biological and social aspects. Perhaps there is a single solution for many problems that would not require urban planners to depreoritised? In the discussion we play with the idea of a green belt being established in central Malmö, an example of a multifunctional environment that enhances the experience of the environment, not just for running. An example that should be something the city of Malmö strives for through their strategies. "... creating conditions for good living conditions but also facilitating a good lifestyle." (p.17) as stated in the Malmö City Master Plan (2019)

    Mångfaldig skötsel : skogsutvecklingstyper som ett ramverk för förvaltning inom flerskiktade skogssystem

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    The demand for both biodiversity and recreational forests is increasing. Management methods under the umbrella term Close-to-Nature management, which aims to incorporate natural successional patterns and disturbances, is considered preferable to traditional forest management methods in terms of both recreational and ecological values (Wimberly et al. 2012). Within Close-to-Nature management, the Forest Development Types model provides a guide for developing suitable strategies of regional conditions(Larsen & Nielsen 2012a). This paper aims to apply the model in a peri-urban woodland environment surrounding a new housing development area in Hässleholm, Sweden. The findings demonstrate the strengths and limitations of using the FDTs for as a reference system when enhancing ecological values and long-term resilience in urban woodlands. While also highlighting the need for additional guidance within recreational forests on post-establishment management. The insights gained from this research provide valuable guidance for policymakers, urban planners, and forest managers seeking to enhance the ecological values and long-term resilience of urban woodlands, ultimately contributing to the creation of more livable and sustainable cities.Efterfrågan på både biologisk mångfald och rekreativa skogar ökar i takt med att medvetenheten om vikten av att bevara naturen och samtidigt tillhandahålla utrymme för människors rekreation växer. Naturnära skogsbruk, som syftar till att inkludera naturliga successionsmönster och störningar, anses föredras framför traditionella förvaltningsmetoder för att framhäva både rekreativa och ekologiska värden (Wimberly et al. 2012). Inom naturnära skogsbruk skildrar modellen skogsutvecklingstyper en vägledning för att utveckla lämpliga skötselstrategier som tar hänsyn till regionala förhållanden (Larsen & Nielsen 2012a). Denna uppsats syftar till att tillämpa modellen för skogsutvecklingstyper, i en tätortsnära skog belägen i ett utvecklingsområde i Hässleholm, Sverige. Resultaten visar styrkor och begränsningar med att använda skogsutvecklingstyperna som ett referenssystem för att förbättra hållbara skogar med höga ekologiska värden. Samtidigt belyser uppsatsen behovet av ytterligare vägledning för rekreativa skogar i deras förvaltning efter etablering. Insikterna som erhållits genom denna undersökning kan ge värdefull vägledning för beslutsfattare, stadsplanerare och skogsförvaltare som strävar efter att förbättra de ekologiska värdena och samtidigt öka återhämtningsförmågan hos tätortsnära skogar, vilket i slutändan bidrar till skapandet av mer levande och hållbara städer

    Street trees for the future climate and infrastructure : suggestions for suitable tree species for an urban tree arboretum in Ultuna

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    Arbetet syftar till att inhämta och analysera aktuell kunskap och forskning för att ange kriterier för lämpliga trädarter och växtbäddar som kan möta infrastruktursatsningar i ett allt varmare klimat i urban miljö. Exploatering med tungt trafikerade gator skapar tuffa levnadsförhållanden för stadens gatuträd. Hårdgjorda ytor blir uppvärmda av trafik och solabsorbering och i takt med att framtidens klimat förändras med längre torrperioder blir stadens träd utsatta. Växtzonerna varierar i Sverige och kan även skifta inom en stad. För att välja rätt träd på rätt plats bör hänsyn tas till förändringarna. Vissa trädarter har utvecklat egenskaper för att anpassa sig till en miljö där varma och periodvis torra förhållanden förekommer. Men det finns också en ovisshet i att använda dessa arter då de kan bete sig annorlunda än väntat i en ny miljö där andra faktorer också väger in. Det finns arter som visat sig invasiva när de bytt miljö och arter som inte visat tecken på den tillväxt som var förväntat. Ny infrastruktur i gatumiljö med olika trafikslag och hus kan göra gatorna trånga och begränsa trädens utrymme, både över och under mark. Även trädens växtbäddar bör ha en stor volym, rätt substrat och vara belastningståliga för att kunna förse träden med de resurser de kräver i en gatumiljö. Växtbäddar är ännu i utveckling och det finns idag en växtbädd med kolmakadam som anses kunna ge träden goda förutsättningar i urban miljö. I Uppsala planeras en spårväg med grönt spårområde kantat av träd. Längs med spårvägen i Ultuna finns ambitioner om att anlägga ett stadsträdsarboretum där olika trädarter kan studeras. Träden i en sådan framtida plats utmanas av klimatförändringar och de begränsningar som skapas av infrastrukturen. Genom en urvalsprocess med det konkreta exemplet på ett eventuellt framtida stadsträdsarboretum tar arbetet fram en grundstomme med artförslag och kriterier för det fortsatta arbetet med ett stadsträdsarboretum i Ultuna. Arbetet belyser aspekter som användning av exotiska arter och diversitetsfördelning, hur man anpassar till ett begränsat utrymme i spårvägens gaturum och hur moderna växtbäddar kan anpassas i volym och substrat för att ge träden god tillväxt. Arbetet resulterar i en lista med förslag på trädarter och sorter och redovisar två sektioner som relaterar till hur de föreslagna träden och växtbäddarna kan placeras längs med spårvägens gaturum. Arbetet redogör även för ett behov av fortsatt forskning om hur träd utvecklas i växtbäddar med kolmakadam så att valet av växtbäddar och trädarter till stadsträdsarboretet ska kunna bli ännu säkrare.This thesis aims to develop knowledge about and suggest suitable tree species and plant beds that are suited to meet investments in infrastructure and an increasingly warm climate in an urban environment. Exploitation in urban areas that are heavily trafficked generates tough living conditions for the city’s street trees. Hardened surfaces are heated by traffic and solar absorption, and as the future climate changes, the dry seasons are prolonged which puts high stress on the city trees. The plant zones vary in Sweden and can also vary within a city. To choose the right tree for the right place, climate changes should be considered. Some tree species have evolved traits to adapt to an environment where hot and periodically dry conditions occur. But there are also uncertainties in using these species because they can act differently in a new environment where other factors also influence their behavior. There are, for example, species that have shown an invasive behavior in a new environment and species that have not shown the signs of growth that were expected. New infrastructure in street environments with different types of traffic and houses can limit the space available for the trees, both above and below ground. Even the trees' plant beds should have a large volume and a proper substrate that can withstand heavy traffic loads to provide the trees with the resources they require in a street environment. Plant beds are still in development and there are plant beds today with charcoal macadam that are considered capable of providing the trees with good conditions in an urban environment. In the city Uppsala, there are plans to develop a tramway with a grass-covered tram area lined with trees. A part of the tramway goes through Ultuna where there are ambitions to establish a city tree arboretum with a differentiation of tree species that can be used for educational purposes. The trees in such a future location would be challenged by climate changes and the constraints created by the infrastructure. Through a selection process with the tangible example of a possible future urban tree arboretum, this thesis suggests a foundation with species proposals and criterias for the continued work on the urban tree arboretum in Ultuna. The work highlights aspects of the use of exotic species and diversity distribution, how space for the trees is limited in relation to public transport and how plant beds can be adapted in volume and substrate to give the trees good growth. The thesis results in a list of proposed tree species and presents two sections that relate to how the proposed trees and plant beds can be placed along the tramway's street space. The thesis also elaborates a need for continued research on how trees develop in plant beds with charcoal macadam so that the choice of plant beds and tree species for the urban tree arboretum can be even more ensured

    Feasibility of reintroduction of European Bison (Bison bonasus) to Sweden with focus on traffic accidents

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    The historical occurrence of European bison (Bison bonasus) in Sweden during the early Holocene emphasizes the ecological significance for a potential reintroduction. The European bison, the largest herbivore on the European continent, is a keystone species with a significant influence on ecosystem dynamics. To restore populations of European bison is an important conservation concern Road collisions with wild animals are a significant problem on a global scale and an important aspect to consider when large terrestrial mammal populations are restored. This study aims to assess the relative involvement in traffic incidences of European bison and moose (Alces alces) in Poland, where both species occur in the wild. Accidents involving European bison were analyzed and compared with those involving moose during 2014-2022. Four regions were defined and analyzed: Lublin and Subcarpathian provinces; Podlaskie province; Warmian-Masurian province; and Northwest region comprising Lubuskie, Wielkopolskie, and Zachodnipomorskie provinces. The results revealed substantial variations in accident ratios between European bison and moose in different regions. In the Lublin and Subcarpathian regions a significant difference was observed (p = 0.02). The Podlaskie region demonstrated the most pronounced disparity (p < 0.001). In the Warmian-Masurian region, significant differences were again observed (p = 0.003). Conversely, in the Northwest region, no significant difference was found. Overall, the combined analysis across all regions also indicated a highly significant difference (p < 0.001). The overall average accident rate per 100 European bison was 0.49, while for moose it was 1.03. This suggests that moose had a 2.12 times higher accident rate compared to European bison. Additionally, European bison traffic collisions generally result in less severe outcomes compared to moose and other animals, typically causing no fatalities or only minor injuries to drivers and passengers. Considering the relatively low frequency and severity of the traffic collisions, European bison reintroduction efforts may face fewer traffic-related challenges than moose. European bison have demonstrated adaptability across varied landscapes including open areas, forests, and their transitional zones, all of which can be found in southern Sweden. As a generalist grazing species, the dietary requirements of European bison align with available food resources. Climate compatibility is affirmed, as historical and current distribution ranges of European bison encompass regions with more severe climates than southern Sweden. Along with the relatively low risk for traffic incidents as observed in this study, this underline the potential success of reintroducing European bison to the region. Nevertheless, it is important to effectively manage potential conflicts between humans and wildlife. It is advisable to engage in subsequent monitoring and research to gain a better understanding of these challenges during the implementation of reintroduction efforts in a new area

    Ekosystemtjänster från vedartad vegetation i torra, östafrikanska betesområden

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    Drylands cover nearly half of the Earth's land surface and are dominated by croplands and rangelands. Dryland ecosystems worldwide are affected by land degradation. Increased population pressure, climate change and unsustainable land use threaten essential ecosystem services and adversely impact people’s livelihoods and well-being. Dryland inhabitants in developing countries are highly dependent on ecosystem services from woody plants, and tree-based restoration measures are thus of utmost importance. However, effective restoration requires a better understanding of the complexity and variability of these ecosystems and the needs of the people living there, a perspective that is often lacking. Restoration interventions have mostly focused on agricultural land and farmers and less on rangelands and (agro)pastoralists. Rangelands are characterized by a naturally low tree cover, and the importance of trees in these areas has thus often been overlooked. This study aims to contribute more knowledge on the importance of woody plants to rangeland inhabitants, focusing on the contribution of different species in providing important ecosystem services, as well as how people manage woody vegetation and how this management, in turn, affects woody vegetation. Two different sites with different dominant livelihood strategies were selected for this study; Chepareria in West Pokot County, Kenya, dominated by agro-pastoralists, and Rupa in Moroto District, Uganda, dominated by pastoralists. Findings from this study show that people in these two sites possessed significant knowledge of woody plants and their benefits. People perceived several ecosystem services from woody plants, most of which were associated with native species. The most valued ecosystem services were food, firewood, fodder and improved local climate. Although most ecosystem services identified in both sites were similar, the associated species often differed. In Chepareria, the land was dominated by privately managed enclosures, while in Rupa, it was mainly open common access communal land. In both sites, people actively managed woody plants to preserve and protect them, although with more emphasis on assisted natural regeneration in Rupa. Despite this, local people perceived that the native tree cover had decreased in both sites, negatively affecting the availability of critical ecosystem services. In Chepareria, the decline was attributed to land use change and increased grazing pressure, while in Rupa, it was attributed to a shift in livelihood strategies from livestock keeping to charcoal production. Due to insufficient data, results on links between land-use, access to land, preferred species and ecosystem services, and woody species presence and abundance in the landscape were inconclusive. The many differences between the two studied sites clearly highlight that restoration requires tailored strategies with a bottom-up approach that considers the local people's knowledge, experience, needs, and aspirations

    An entrance design with storm water solutions and vegetation selection : A collaboration between landscape and garden engineer

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    Det här arbetet sammanfattas under 15 högskolepoäng, där vi är två skribenter från två olika kandidatprogram. Trädgårdsingenjörsprogrammet - Design samt landskapsingenjörsprogrammet. Vi var intresserade av hur samarbetet mellan våra kompetenser från våra olika utbildningar skulle fungera. I arbetslivet samarbetar personer med våra titlar i olika projekt, vilket fick oss att vilja starta samarbetet redan under skoltiden och se hur den dynamiken fungerar. Kandidatuppsatsen har sitt fokus på olika lösningar för dagvatten i urban miljö. Platsen som arbetet berör är Polhemskolan i Lund, där vi har tagit fram tre olika lösningar för platsen. Vi upplever att platsen inte visar på sin funktion, att vara en entréyta till skolan och därför vill vi gestalta om platsen för att skapa en tydligare och pampigare entré. Utformningen på de olika lösningarna är gjorda efter flödesberäkningar för dagvattnet. Beräkningarna innefattar totala dagvattenflöden samt magasineringskapacitet. För de olika dagvattenlösningarna har vi även tagit fram vegetationsförslag, inkluderande: träd, buskar, perenner samt prydnadsgräs. Då lösningarna har olika ståndort, ser vegetationen olika ut i bäddarna. Både torrare, våtare samt fluktuerande bäddar. Vegetationen bidrar både med ekosystemtjänster- samt estetiskt värde för urban miljö, vilket inkluderar entréytan. Vi vill belysa dessa värden på entréytan vilket gör att växtvalen samt placeringen har ett stort fokus i detta arbete.This examination is summarized during 15 hp points, where we are two writers from two different bachelor’s program. Horticultural Management: Garden Design - Bachelor´s Programme and Landscape Engineer Programme. We were interested in how the collaboration between our competencies from our different educations would work. In our future working life, people with our titles collaborate during different projects, which made us want to start this collaboration already during our education. The bachelor thesis focuses on different solutions for stormwater in urban landscapes. The site for this project is the entrance area to the high school Polhem, where we have produced three different solutions for the site. Our experience is that the area’s function does not show its potential, which is an entrance area. That is why we want to design an area that improves the functions with a clear and grand entrance. The design of the various solutions are based on calculations of stormwater flows. The calculations include total stormwater flows and storage capacity. We have also produced plantingproposals for the various stormwater solutions, including trees, shrubs, perennials and ornamental grass. As the solutions have different locations, the vegetation looks different in the respective planting beds. There are both drier, wetter and fluctuating beds. The vegetation contributes both with ecosystem services, as well as aesthetic value for the urban environment, which includes the entrance area. We want to highlight these values in the entrance area, which means that plant selection and placement have a large focus in this work

    Evaluating forest restoration effects on timing of avian dawn chorus in Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar

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    Monitoring of forest restoration efforts is essential to ensure healthy, self-sustaining tropical rainforests. Passive acoustic monitoring is used to monitor vocal activity of birds, which play a key role in forest ecosystems as seed dispersers. Communication between birds seems most profitable during a peak of bird singing in the morning, known as the dawn chorus. Anthropogenic disturbances leading to increased light levels affect the timing of this chorus in individual species. This research sheds a light on the effect of forest restoration on the dawn chorus using automatic detection methods to identify bird sounds from acoustic data. Machine learning methods like clustering and pattern matching were used alongside a manual analysis to describe the dawn chorus in protected forests as well as restoration sites around Ranomafana National Park, Madagascar. Restoration sites were found to have lower species richness and increased interference from insect sounds. No difference was found between timing of the dawn chorus in both forest habitats. This can possibly be assigned to changes in community composition and decreased detectability of species in insect-dominated landscapes. Future research could further disentangle these effects, by filtering of acoustic data, development of workflow pathways and the use of stronger machine learning methods that allow for more reliable species-specific detection. In the current state of automatic acoustic methods, close cooperation with local experts is recommended to achieve effective monitoring in tropical rainforests

    Where the garden meets stone city : a design proposal for plant beds as an urban nature-based solution

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    Under senare år har funktionen av växtbäddar och ”grön infrastruktur” förändrats och blivit viktigare inom stadsplanering eftersom de visat sig kunna bidra till klimatanpassningen av städer. Genom att lyfta fram alla de ekosystemtjänster som en växtbädd kan ge människor, kan växtbäddar nu också betraktas nästan som ett system för klimatreglering och vattenhantering som kan avlasta stadens tekniska infrastruktur. Detta är dock inte vegetationens enda värde för människorna i staden. Under lång tid har vegetationen även bidragit med andra värden, till exempel för att markera värdet av en plats och/eller bidra till dess karaktär. Värden som kan överföras över generationer då träden lever vidare. Ett exempel på detta är att trädalléer länge använts för att markera viktiga vägar så som vägen in till städer eller herrgårdar. I den här studien har kulturhistoriska värden av vegetation och ekosystemtjänster inte ställts mot varandra, utan tillsammans använts som underlag för att ta fram ett förslag till utformning och val av vegetation för växtbäddar på en plats vid Zinkensdamm, Södermalm, Stockholm. Både naturbaserade lösningar - som bidrar till att lösa samhällsutmaningar genom ekosystemtjänster, och stadens grönområden - som en del av kulturarvet, vilka bidrar till en plats karaktär har beaktats och vägts samman i arbetets gestaltning. I studiens genomförande har det här inneburit analyser som spänner över flera vetenskapliga områden för att bedöma både hur hänsyn kan tas till platsens karaktär och kulturarv och undersöka hur växtbädden med dess vegetation kan utgöra en naturbaserad lösning för gaturummet. Gestaltningsprocessen har innehållit många svåra avvägningar eftersom både naturbaserade lösningar och kulturhistoriska värden kräver noggranna och omfattande undersökningar för att leda till hållbara och välgrundade designbeslut. Det var lätt att fatta designbeslut när kulturhistoriska värden samspelade med råd och rekommendationer för naturbaserade lösningar. Till exempel har stora gamla träd inte bara ett värde som naturbaserad lösning, de har ofta även ett värde för karaktären och kulturarvet på en plats. Det var dock svårare att komma med förslag som tog för mycket hänsyn till en klassisk ensartad trädallé. En mer ensartad allé går emot vissa råd och rekommendationer om hur man kan anpassa stadens vegetation för att överleva ett förändrat klimat. För att ta hänsyn till ett förändrat klimat och framtida trädsjukdomar rekommenderas en viss variation i artbeståndet. En variation i population och av olika vegetationsskikt ger också positiva parallella fördelar i form av ekosystemtjänster. En viktig insikt i denna studie är dock att de historiskt mer ordnade och monokulturella idealen inte bara är de som har ett kulturellt värde. Södermalm är ett exempel på en stad med en kulturhistoria för dess grönmiljöer som både talar för användandet av mer diverse vegetation som av inhemska arter och gamla trädgårdsväxter.In recent years, plant beds and ’green infrastructure’ have become increasingly important in urban planning as they can contribute to the climate adaptation of cities. By emphasising the full range of ecosystem services that a plant bed can provide to people, plant beds can now also be considered almost as a climate regulation and water management system that can relieve the pressure on the city’s technical infrastructure. However, the this is not the only values vegetation can provide to people in the city. Vegetation has also contributed with other values like placemaking and/or by adding to a character of place, values that can be transmitted over generations as the trees live on. One example of this is that for centuries the tree alley has been used to mark important roads as the way into cities or to mansions. In this study, cultural-historical values and ecosystem services have not been pitted against each other but used together as a basis for developing a proposal for a design and vegetation for plant beds at a site by Zinkensdamm, Södermalm, Stockholm. Nature-based solutions - which, through ecosystem services, contribute to solving societal challenges, and the city’s green spaces as part of the cultural heritage and contributing to the character of a place have both been given consideration and weighed together in the proposed design solutions. This has entailed analyses that stretches over several scientific fields to assess both how consideration can be shown to the character and cultural heritage of the site and how the plant bed and vegetation can constitute a nature-based solution for the streetscape. This has resulted in a design process with many difficult trade-offs as both nature-based solutions and cultural heritage values require careful and extensive investigations to lead to sustainable and informed design decisions. It was easy to make design decisions when cultural heritage values interacted with advice and recommendations for nature-based solutions. For example, large old trees have both a nature-based value and often a value for character and cultural heritage of a place. However, it was more difficult to come up with proposals that were too considerate of a classic mono-culture tree avenue. A more classic mono-culture avenue goes against certain advice and recommendations on how to adapt the city’s vegetation for it to survive a changing climate. To take a changing climate and future tree diseases into consideration, a certain variation in the species population is recommended. A variation in the population and of different vegetation layers also brings positive parallel benefits in form of ecosystem services. However, an important insight in this study is that that historically more orderly and mono-culture ideals are not only those that have a cultural value. Södermalm is an example of a city that has green environments with a cultural history that both speaks in favour for the use of more diverse vegetation as of native species and flowering garden plants

    Purification and recreational values : a design proposal for a stormwater pond in Tallstråket with floating treatment wetlands

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    Med ett förändrat klimat och städer som förtätas och hårdgörs ställs högre krav på dagvattenhantering. I städer som förtätas prioriteras även blå- och grönytor ofta bort, och invånarnas möjligheter till rekreation minskar. Detta arbete undersöker därför hur dessa två ämnen kan integreras genom att gestalta en dagvattendamm med fokus på rening och rekreationsvärden. För att optimera reningen används så kallade flytande våtmarker, en relativt ny reningsmetod där växter planteras på en flytande stomme och därefter placeras på en öppen dagvattenanläggning. Växternas rötter tillåts växa genom stommen och extraherar föroreningar från vattnet som sedan lagras i biomassan. Därefter skördas biomassan och omhändertas på lämpligt sätt. Dessutom gynnar flytande våtmarker sedimentering genom att sänka vattnets hastighet, och biofilm som bryter ned föroreningar ansamlas på rötterna. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur flytande våtmarkerna kan konstrueras med naturmaterial och hur de kan tillämpas på en förprojekterad damm i Tallstråket i södra Uppsala. Dammen blir en del av Södra Åstråket, där många människor rör sig i dagsläget och där fler med stor sannolikhet kommer att röra sig i framtiden. Dessutom ger den upphöjda Kungsängsleden intill arbetsområdet människor god överblick över platsen. Därför undersöker arbetet även hur dammen kan gestaltas med fokus på besökare och förbipasserande. Genom att tillföra olika typer av tillägg och vegetation som ger något för besökare att uppleva tillförs rekreativa värden på en plats som annars endast hade varit en teknisk anläggning, och dammen bidrar på så sätt till en mer social hållbar miljö. Dessutom ger de olika tilläggen, såsom en bro och en brygga, möjligheten för människor att komma nära och betrakta de första flytande våtmarkerna i sitt slag i Uppsala.With a changing climate and densification of cities the requirements for stormwater management increase. In addition, blue and green areas often do not get prioritized in densified cities, and the people’s opportunities for recreation decrease. Therefore, this thesis examines how these two subjects can be combined by designing a stormwater pond focusing on purification of the stormwater and recreational values. To optimize the purification floating treatment wetlands are used. Floating treatment wetlands are a relatively new purification method where plants are planted on a floating platform. The roots of the plants grow through the platform into the water, where they extract pollutants and store them in their biomass. The biomass is then harvested to remove the pollutants from the site. Moreover, the roots create a curtain that slows down the water and benefits sedimentation, and biofilm that breaks down pollutants accumulate on the roots. The purpose of this thesis is to examine how the floating wetlands can be constructed with natural materials and how they can be applied on a pre- designed stormwater pond in Tallstråket in southern Uppsala. The pond will become a part of Södra Åstråket, where many people today pass by and where more people in the future most likely will pass by. Also, Kungsängsleden next to the pond gives people a good overview over the site. Therefore, the thesis also examines how the pond can be designed with a focus on visitors and people passing by the site. By designing the pond in a way that gives something for visitors to experience, recreational values are added to a site that otherwise only had been a technical facility. The pond therefore contributes to a more socially sustainable environment. In addition, by designing the pond with a bridge and a dock, visitors can come close and explore the first floating treatment wetlands of its kind in Uppsala

    Predicting Gastrointestinal Adverse Events in Dogs Treated with Chemotherapeutic Medication

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    Despite significant advances in the treatment of cancer in canine patients, gastrointestinal toxicity still remains a relatively common finding after chemotherapeutic treatment. These adverse events may cause a fundamental reduction in the patient’s quality of life. To improve the well-being of the patients, and to minimize the risk of adverse events following chemotherapy, the mechanisms and reasons behind the development of adverse events have to be understood. There are several possible factors that might affect the risk of developing chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal toxicity, however, there are currently no standardized methods for reviewing, mapping or measuring these factors within the field of study. The use of questionnaires, in combination with non-invasive biomarkers, could therefore potentially be a stress-free and favourable way of investigating the correlations between chemotherapy and gastrointestinal adverse events as well as a way of predicting which animals that are at risk for gastrointestinal toxicity. A prospective study at University Animal Hospital (UDS) in Uppsala, Sweden, was performed with the ambition of investigating the connection between chemotherapeutic treatment and the development of gastrointestinal toxicity. The main aim of this study was to find possible influential factors leading to the development of gastrointestinal adverse events after chemotherapeutic treatment. The study was divided into two questionnaire-based parts with questions directed to owners of dogs with a cancer diagnosis. The first questionnaire reviewed potential influential factors in the everyday life and diet of the dog which could be related to the development of chemotherapy-induced adverse events. This questionnaire also examined the frequency of gastrointestinal events as well as concurrent illnesses and treatments. The second questionnaire focused on the occurrence and assessment of gastrointestinal toxicity in dogs treated with chemotherapeutic medication based on VCOG-CTCAE (version 2). A total of eight dogs with cancer of different ages, sexes, and breeds were included in the study. According to the owners, 87% (n=7) of the dogs had experienced some form of mild gastrointestinal disturbance without the need for supportive therapies during the last year. Three of the eight canine patients continued with chemotherapeutic treatment and could be assessed through the second questionnaire. In total, 67% (n=2) dogs experienced different grades of gastrointestinal adverse events (loss of appetite, diarrhoea) within three to five weeks after their first chemotherapeutic treatment. The questionnaires show promise to be used in studies with similar aims, possibly in combination with the analysis of biomarkers. However, due to the small study population, the results from this study may not be representative of a larger population. It is not possible to determine whether the gastrointestinal events that were reported in this study were caused by the cytostatic agents or if they had another aetiology. Therefore, further studies must be performed regarding potential influential factors as well as to investigate the actual clinical utility of the questionnaires. Further studies regarding the use of non-invasive biomarkers such as calprotectin and/or gut microbiota may also be of importance to examine the association with the development of gastrointestinal adverse events

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