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Fractal and entropy analysis of traditional and modernist building facades in street-level view : the case of Sweden’s growing cities
Get PDFThis study presents a quantitative analysis of traditional and modernist building facades in urban environments, focusing on the assessment of their complexity and coherence. Fractal and entropy analysis techniques were employed to objectively evaluate the differences between the two architectural styles within the preference matrix framework. The study aimed to determine variations in fractal dimensions and information entropy, describe the nature of these variations, and discuss their implications for the preference matrix.
Street-level view images capturing traditional and modernist architectural styles in Swedish cities were utilized in this study. The images underwent a process of tracing to extract detailed lines representing the building facades. Fractal analysis was applied to measure the complexity of the topology represented by these lines. Additionally, the images were mapped according to building surface, enabling the calculation of information entropy to assess the coherence and diversity of the surface distribution.
Significant differences in fractal dimensions were observed between traditional and modernist styles. Traditional architecture exhibited higher fractal dimensions, indicating a more intricate and complex topology characterized by detailed elements. In contrast, modernist architecture displayed lower fractal dimensions, reflecting a less complex arrangement of lines and edges. Regarding information entropy, no significant differences were found between the two styles, suggesting comparable levels of coherence and diversity in the distribution of building surfaces. However, a positive relationship was noted, indicating higher entropy and diversity in the traditional style
Teckenekonomi i arbetet på HVB-hem : en fallstudie om de boendes och personalens upplevelse med teckenekonomi
Get PDFTeckenekonomi är ett motivationsverktyg som används på de flesta Hem för vård och boende i Sverige. I den här studien intervjuas ungdomar och personal på HVB-hem kring deras upplevelse med teckenekonomi. Studien visar att teckenekonomi är ett effektivt motivationsverktyg men det går inte att dra några slutsatser att det är den avgörande motiavtionsfaktorn som gör att ungdomarna uppnår sina uppsatta mål. Intervjusvaren visar dock att de flesta respondenterna är positivt inställda med användandet av teckenekonomi då det underlättar för ungdomarna att uppfölja förväntningar och ger personalen ett praktiskt verktyg att arbeta med.Token economy is a motivation tool that is used in most HVB-homes in Sweden. This study will present interviews with youth who resides in HVB-homes and with the staff and their general experience with token economy. The study shows that token economy is an effective motivation tool but the study can’t conclude that it is the determining factor that motivates the youth in the objective of achieving their goals. The general responses from the correspondents are positive towards the usage of token economy in that it clarifies for the youth of what is expected from them and gives the staff a practical tool to work with
Med ån som följeslagare i ett föränderligt landskap : en studie om vattenvård som medel för att tillgängliggöra rekreation i det stadsnära odlingslandskapet
Get PDFI detta examensarbete behandlas vattenvårdsinsatser som
medel för att tillgängliggöra rekreation i det stadsnära odlings-
landskapet. Vattenvårdsinsatserna grundar sig i att hantera den
historiska dränering och utdikning som förändrat vattenmassor i
stor del av det svenska odlingslandskapet. En manipulation som lett till förändringar för det ekologiska livet i hav, sjö och vattendrag men som även påverkat landlevande organismer, vårt samhälle inkluderat. Kombinationen av vattenvård och rekreation utgör ett exempel på den multifunktionella markanvändning, med värden
för staden och odlingslandskapet, som kan ta plats i det stadsnära odlingslandskapet. Genom en initial undersökning lyfts utmaningar
och möjligheter till multifunktionalitet, med fokus på att till-
gängliggöra rekreation, som vattenvårdsinsatser genererar i det stadsnära odlingslandskapet. Kunskapen från den initiala studien appliceras på en platsstudie av Ståstorpsån i Trelleborgs kommun, ett befintligt vattenvårdsområde, i det stadsnära odlingslandskapet. Syftet är att utreda vilka platsspecifika förutsättningar som finns
för rekreation i området. Detta görs dels genom ett platsbesök
inspirerad av metoden Travelling Transect och dels genom samtal med markägare. Resultatet från platsstudien analyseras för att besvara vilka utvecklingsmöjligheter som finns för att tillgängliggöra rekreation i området. Vidare diskuteras vattenvårdsinsatser som
medel för att tillgängliggöra rekreation i det stadsnära
odlingslandskapet samt ån som multifunktionell grön korridor
mellan stad och odlingslandskap.Water conservation management as a means for making recreation available in the peri-urban farming landscape is investigated in this master thesis. These water conservation efforts are a way of handling the historical drainages systems which has altered the hydrology within the Swedish agriculture landscape. This manipulation has
led to a change for the ecological life in seas, lakes and rivers, as well as it has affected land-living organisms and the human society. The combination of water conservation and recreation is an example of multi-functional land use, which can take place in the peri-urban farming landscape, with values for the urban area and the agri-
culture. This initial study emphasizes challenges and opportunities for multi-functionality, with focus on enable recreation, as water
conservation management can lead to in the peri-urban farming
landscape. The knowledge of the initial survey has been applied
on a site study of Ståtorpsån in the municipality of Trelleborg,
which is an existing water conservation area in the peri-urban
farming landscape. The purpose is to investigate what site specific conditions there are in terms of recreation in the area. The approach has been a site study inspired by the method Travelling Transect,
and conversations with land owners. The results from the site
study are analyzed to answer what development opportunities there are to enable recreation in the area. Further on water conservation
management as a mean to enable recreation in the peri-urban
farming landscape, as well as the water stream as a green way
between the city and the farming landscape, is discussed in the
thesis
Kroppsvikt, kondition och storlek hos varg i Skandinavien
Get PDFLarge carnivours are suffering from population declines all over the world, but many have also recolonized parts of their previous habitats. However, recovery by these species is usually slow and challenging. The population sizes are therefore often small and semi-isolated which can lead to lowered health, fitness and survival for these individuals. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of age, sex, inbreeding, conditions in natal territory (wolf density and food availability) as well as season on three body size measurements; body weight, body condition (residuals from a regression of body weight and body length) and structural size (a principal component analysis of body length, ear length and tail length) in the Scandinavian wolf (Canis lupus) population. Two different data sets were used, alive wolves measured when captured (1998 – 2014, n = 159), and dead wolves measured during necropsy (1999 – 2020, n = 329). Males were larger than females and older wolves were larger than younger. Increased level of inbreeding had a negative effect on both body weight and structural size but not on body condition. An increase with 0.1 of the inbreeding coefficient resulted in 1 kg decrease in body weight. The lack of effect on body condition could possibly be due to external circumstances rather than to congenital inbreeding. Food availability in natal territory did not have an effect on any of the size measurements, while wolf density had a positive effect on all three body size measurements. This could possibly be due to the surplus of food seen for this population and may be due to younger wolves are shown to stay with with their parents for longer when wolf densities are high and therefore maybe gaining more food per wolf per day. Body weights were mainly larger in winter than in summer. These results provide knowledge about factors affecting both body size and body condition, and therefore also indications of the health and fitness of the Scandinavian wolf population. This is important for future conservation, as this study shows the importance of management aimed to reduce inbreeding to achieve a more healthy wolf population eventhough the population is growing
Effekt av olika odlingssystem på markstruktur och avkastning
Get PDFMetoderna att odla jordbruksmark är många. Dessa odlingssystem påverkar markstrukturen och
markhälsan på olika vis. Markhälsa är ett begrepp som blir allt viktigare. Under 2023 kommer EU
med nya markdirektiv som ska säkra långsiktig odling och hjälpa till att nå klimatmålen. I samband
med att strategier tas fram och beslut fattas, är det viktigt att korrekt fakta ligger till grund för dem.
Detta är viktigt eftersom gemeneman måste anpassa sig efter besluten och åtgärderna kan få olika
effekter. Syftet med detta kandidatarbete är att genom fältstudier undersöka och analysera hur olika
odlingssystem påverkar markstruktur samt avkastning.
Fältstudierna har genomförts på två pargårdar inom ramen för en pargårdsstudie. Gårdarna i
respektive par ligger nära varandra geografiskt och förutsätts ha samma jordarter samt väderlek. Den
ena gården i paret tillämpar ett alternativt odlingssystem, vilket innebär att jordbearbetningen är mer
eller mindre reducerad och att mellangrödor eventuellt odlas i växtföljden. På den andra gården
tillämpas ett konventionellt odlingssystem, vilket innebär att vändande jordbearbetning med plog
används.
För att granska hur odlingssystem påverkar markstruktur och avkastning har ett antal egenskaper
undersökts i fält och laboratorium. I denna studie genomfördes mätningar av pH, vattenhalt i
matjorden, dragkraftsbehov och bränsleförbrukning, aggregatstabilitet, vatteninfiltration, antal och
vikt av daggmaskar, jordanalys samt bedömning av markprofil.
Resultaten tyder på att odlingssystemet påverkar biologisk aktivitet, såsom förekomst av
daggmaskar och specifika daggmasksarter men även mullhalt och nedbrytning av organiskt material.
Odlingssystem med minskad jordbearbetning tycks gynna de biologiska förutsättningarna i jorden
som i förlängningen är positiva för markstruktur. Resultaten för de fysikaliska och kemiska
egenskaperna i jorden varierade och indikerar generellt inte att det ena odlingssystemet är bättre än
det andra. Variation i resultat mellan de två gårdsparen tyder på att åkermarkens geologi, topografi
och klimat är viktiga faktorer för vilket odlingssystem som är bäst lämpat. På grund av få mätningar
och stor variation i mätningarna går det inte att statistiskt säkerställa resultaten för infiltration,
daggmaskmätning, turbiditet, vattenhalt och avkastning. De är viktiga indikatorer och därför vore
det intressant att genomföra fler mätningar för att verifiera effekten av de olika odlingssystemen.
Sammanfattningsvis visar denna studie att det finns många indikatorer som kan användas för att
bedöma markstruktur och hur den påverkar markhälsa. Studien visar även att det är svårt att
undersöka och jämföra olika odlingssystems effekt på markstruktur och avkastning. Det framgår
också att fler faktorer än jord- och årsmån bör vara lika, såsom växtföljd och utsädessort, för att med
säkerhet utvärdera just odlingssystemets effekt. Markstruktur är en av många viktiga faktorer för att
långsiktigt uppnå god avkastning. Det är därför viktigt att fortsatt utveckla och utvärdera
odlingssystemens påverkan på markstruktur och markhälsa.The methods of cultivating agricultural land are numerous, and these cultivation systems affect the
soil structure and soil health in various ways. Soil health is a concept that is becoming increasingly
important, and in 2023, the EU will introduce new soil directives that aim to ensure long-term
cultivation and help achieve the climate goals. It is always important to have accurate facts available
for the decisions that are made, and ultimately, that everyone must adapt to. The purpose of this
thesis is to investigate and analyze how different cultivation systems affect soil structure and yield
through field studies.
The field studies were conducted on two pair of farms, as part of a farm study. The farms in each
pair are geographically close to each other and are assumed to have the same soil types and weather
conditions. One farm in the pair applies an alternative cultivation system, which means that soil
cultivation is more or less reduced, and that cover crops might be included in the crop rotation. The
other farm applies a conventional cultivation system, which involves plowing with a turning plow.
To examine how cultivation systems affect soil structure and yield, a number of properties were
studied in field and laboratory. In this study, measurements of pH, soil moisture content, tractive
force and fuel consumption, aggregate stability, water infiltration, number of earthworms, soil
analysis, and assessment of soil profile were conducted.
The results suggest that the cultivation system affects biological activity, such as the presence of
earthworms and specific earthworm species, as well as organic matter content and decomposition.
Cultivation systems with reduced tillage seem to benefit the biological conditions in the soil, which
are ultimately positive for soil structure. The results for the physical and chemical properties of the
soil vary and generally do not indicate that one cultivation system is better than the other. The
variation in results between the two farm pairs suggests that the geology, topography, and climate
of the farmland are important factors in determining which cultivation system is best suited. Due to
few measurements and significant variation in the results, the results cannot be statistically
confirmed for infiltration, earthworm measurement, turbidity, water content, and yield. These are
important indicators, and therefore, it would be interesting to conduct more measurements to verify
the effect of different cultivation systems.
In conclusion, this study shows that there are many indicators that can be used to assess soil
structure and how it affects soil health. The study also shows that it is difficult to investigate and
compare the effects of different cultivation systems on soil structure and yield. It is also apparent
that other factors besides soil and climate, such as crop rotation and cultivars, should be the same to
accurately evaluate the effect of the cultivation system. Soil structure is one of many important
factors for achieving good long-term yields, and it is therefore important to continue to develop and
evaluate the impact of cultivation systems
Känna, tolka och tajma – ridlärarens instruktioner mot ryttarkänsla
Get PDFInom ridsporten är ridläraren en stöttepelare samt tolk mellan häst och ryttare. Samarbetet mellan ridläraren, eleven och hästen är en viktig funktion till att en dag uppnå ryttarkänsla. Ridlärarens verbala instruktioner är ibland svåra att utrycka då det ryttaren känner i sin kropp är en individuell känsla och ridläraren behöver själv ha upplevt denna känsla för att kunna undervisa det. Ridlärarna har lättare att instruera det som de ser, som till exempel hästens rörelser och ryttarens hjälpgivning som behövs för ett bättre samspel.
Syftet med studien är att synliggöra hur ridlärare arbetar med att få eleverna att känna, tolka och tajma sin ridning. Studiens frågeställningar lyder: På vilket sätt riktas instruktioner mot att utveckla ryttarkänsla hos eleven? Hur stor vikt lägger ridläraren ner på att förmedla hur ryttaren kan känna, tolka och tajma sina hjälper till hästen vid aktiv ridning? Materialet som denna studie grundar sig på är 24 videoinspelade ridlektioner. Där ridlärarnas instruktioner har transkriberats och kategoriserats inom kategorier känna, tolka, tajma, sits, direktiv och beröm.
Resultatet visade på att alla ridlärare hade olika upplägg under sina lektioner. Det visade sig att alla fyra ridlärare instruerade något mer än hälften av sina instruktioner inom kategorin känna, tolka och tajma. Tre ridlärare fokuserade mest på de tekniska instruktionerna, vilket vill säga hjälpens tajming till hästens rörelse. Den fjärde ridläraren instruerade mest mot kategorin känna.
Slutsatsen är att ridläraren förmedlar ryttarkänsla genom instruktioner som beskriver hur ryttaren ska få bättre balans, följsamhet, rytm och position. Framför allt används instruktionerna inom fokusområdena känna, tolka och tajma. Gemensamt är att alla ridlärare fokuserar minst hälften av sina instruktioner på de tre kategorierna av instruktioner. Resterande instruktioner riktades mot elevernas sits, att ge beröm eller mer generella direktiv.In equestrian sports, the riding instructor is a mainstay and interpreter between horse and rider. The cooperation between the riding instructor, the student and the horse are an important function to one day achieving a feeling when riding. The riding instructor's verbal instructions are sometimes difficult to express as feelings are individual and the riding instructor needs to have experienced this feeling himself to be able to teach it. The riding instructors have an easier time instructing what the riding instructor sees as the horse's movements and the help the rider needs to give for a better interaction.
The purpose of the study is to make visible how riding instructors work to get students to feel, interpret and time their aids. The study's questions are: In what way are instructions aimed at developing an equestrian feel when riding? How much importance does the riding instructor place on conveying how the rider can feel, interpret and time his aids to the horse during active riding? The material on which this study is based is 24 videotaped riding lessons, where the riding instructors' instructions have been transcribed and categorized within the categories of feel, interpret, time, seat, directive, and praise.
The results showed that all riding instructors had different plans during their lessons. It turned out that all four riding instructors instructed slightly more than half of their instructions in the category of feeling, interpreting and timing. Three riding instructors focused mostly on the technical instructions, which means the timing of the help to the horse's movement. The fourth riding teacher instructed mostly towards the category of feeling.
The conclusion is that the riding instructor conveys the rider's feeling through instructions that describe how the rider should get better balance, compliance, rhythm and position. Above all, the instructions are used in the focus areas of feeling, interpreting and timing. What is common is that all riding instructors focus at least half of their instructions on the three categories of instructions. Remaining instructions are directed at the students' seat, to give praise or more general directives
Are Swedish stakeholders willing to protect nature?
Get PDFBiodiversity is declining in an unprecedented speed due to the fact that member states in the EU have tried but failed to protect biodiversity. Efforts have been made through voluntary commitments which have proven to be insufficient as targets are not met. The EU Commission has therefore proposed a nature restoration law which contains legally binding targets with the hope that this will put Europe back on track. The aim of the regulation is, inter alia, to restore 20% of the EU’s land and sea by 2030 and then all ecosystems in need by 2050. Only one country have official opposed the regulation, Sweden. This study provides an analysis of the responses made by a selection of stakeholders that the Swedish government consulted with before they made their decision. The aim of the study is to present a summary of who opposes or supports the regulation and the specific paragraphs. The results reveal that the majority of stakeholders are positive towards the regulation, however the same reservations that the Swedish government have can also be found among the stakeholders
Wild boar habitat selection in south-central Sweden's forested habitats : effects of season and time
Get PDFHow wild boar utilize space, interact, and affect its surroundings is critical for understanding their ecology. Wild boar populations have increased rapidly in Sweden and continue to expand its distributional range further north. Little is known about how wild boar utilize the forest habitat in the boreal and hemi-boreal zone and increased knowledge is needed to ensure informed management decisions. Thus, this study aims to investigate wild boar habitat selection in forest habitats, depending on season and time of day. The study was conducted in six different study areas in south-central Sweden representing contrasting environmental conditions. Locations from 76 wild boar fitted with GPS-collars between 2018 - 2022 provided data on wild boar movements between habitats. Habitats were analysed using Generalized Linear Mixed Models, controlling for several different environmental covariates. Mature deciduous forests and young regenerated forests (approx. 3 - 7 m high) were the most preferred forest habitats by wild boar. Seasonal variation in habitat selection could primarily be attributed to natural variation of the respective habitat’s ability to provide food and shelter. Differences in selection during daytime or night-time revealed that young forests were significantly more preferred by wild boar during daytime. During the night wild boar left young forests presumably to search for food in non-forested habitats as preference for such habitats increased. The effect of the environmental variables: tree height, soil moisture, slope, ruggedness and slope aspect, was unclear. However, when the environmental variables were included the general patterns of habitat selection remained, indicating that the habitat as a whole is the main determinant for selection
Consumers’ perception of climate-smart wine packaging
Get PDFEnvironmental concerns in the wine industry are getting more attention worldwide, making it important to shift to more sustainable practices. One of the most significant CO2e emissions originates from wine glass bottles as packaging material. More climate-smart packaging alternatives are emerging as a response, but challenges remain to encourage consumers to make the shift, as the glass bottle is associated with quality, history, tradition, art, and history, being the norm. Following corporate social responsibility, companies in the wine industry have a responsibility to integrate sustainable practices into their businesses and provide an encouraged framework for consumers to make conscious choices. Systembolaget, the Swedish state-owned company with a monopoly on the retail trade of alcoholic beverages, aspire to increase climate-smart wine packaging in their assortment. However, a challenge remains in encouraging consumers to leave the glass bottle and change their behaviors. This project is on commission by Systembolaget and aims to explain the conditions for altering packaging materials for a food product. The thesis followed a qualitative research method based on three focus group interviews with ten consumers and two semi-structured interviews with store employees, to enhance comprehension regarding consumers' perception of climate-smart wine packaging. The theoretical framework encompassed marketing theories such as the four C’s and Sustainable Business Models (SBM), whereas the conceptual framework, the Alphabet Theory, derived from social psychology.
The findings revealed a discrepancy between the consumers’ interest in sustainability and their actual purchasing habits. The obstacles to adopting climate-smart packaging were substantial, indicating a green gap or attitude-behavior gap. There exists a lack of knowledge about wine in climate-smart packaging, leading to concerns over potential compromises in quality and functionality. Due to the norm of the glass bottle, barriers were also related to presenting climate-smart options in social settings. Consequently, it limited their information-seeking process about climate-smart wine packaging. However, consumers expressed a preference for innovative product designs that adhered to the conventional "glass bottle norm" in terms of shape and material, emphasizing the significance of innovation according to what feels familiar. To increase the incentives to purchase climate-smart packaging, the education of consumers is crucial, which can be achieved through employees’ expertise or communication campaigns that employ a combination of educational incentives and social comparison to alter norms. Nudging incentives in stores can simplify consumers’ decision-making process, making the climate-smart choice the easy choice. However, challenges arise when attempting to integrate sustainability goals within a state-owned company governed by regulations. Balancing brand neutrality with the promotion of climate-smart options presents inherent conflicts, revealing a need for additional educational tools and support from the Systembolaget headquarters. With increased knowledge attempts, consumer understanding can increase and have a reinforcing effect. Norm changes within a strongly norm-based industry are complex, but not impossible. As with any behavior, it is a co-creation between the individual and her societal environment, which adapts and shapes with time
Ridlärarens/tränarens bemötande av ungdomar med ätstörning
Get PDFAtt upptäcka en elev med ätstörning är svårt då det inte alltid syns på utsidan. Ätstörning handlar snarare om en orättvis självbild, negativa tankar och känslor om sig själv. Elever med ätstörningar är därför en utmaning för ridlärare och tränare då kunskapen ofta brister. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka ridlärare och tränares upplevelser och erfarenheter kring ätstörningar hos elever. Delsyftet är att undersöka hur professionella inom ätstörningsproblematik rekommenderar att tränare och ridlärare förhåller sig till elever med problematik. Följande frågeställningar ämnas besvaras: Hur ser ridlärare och tränare på problematiken med ätstörning hos elever? Vilken kunskap anser ridlärare och tränare att de behöver om ätstörningsproblematik hos ungdomar? Hur anser anställda inom professionella verksamheter för hästunderstödda insatser att man som ridlärare/tränare kan bidra till att förebygga ätstörningar? Metoden som använts i studien har varit kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer. Tre ridlärare, tre tränare och två professionella inom hästunderstödda insatser deltog. Materialet som samlades in transkriberades och analyserades genom innehållsanalys. Resultatet visade på att samtliga respondenter har erfarenhet kring ätstörningar hos elever. Antalet ätstörda elever varierar och därmed även problematiken. Samtliga respondenter tror att sociala medier kan vara en stark bidragande faktor. Föräldrar anses vara både ett hjälpmedel och en utmaning. Åsikter skiljer sig i hur mycket kunskap ridläraren/tränaren bör ha om psykisk ohälsa och ätstörningar. Studien inkluderar två professionella verksamheter inom hästunderstödda insatser där de sett positiv effekt av terapi med hjälp av hästen. De anställda inom de professionella verksamheterna menar att ridlärare och tränare bör ha mer kunskap inom ämnet. Slutsatsen är att ridlärare och tränare har varierande erfarenheter av ätstörningar hos elever. Några anser att ridlärare/tränare bör hålla sig till utbildning av hästar och ryttare medan andra menar att de behöver mer kunskap. De professionella inom hästunderstödda insatser menar att problemet ökar i samhället och anser att ridlärare/tränare bör ha grundläggande kunskaper om hur man kan hantera elever med problematik. Exempelvis bör man sänka kraven på elever med problem för att de ska känna att målen uppnås och positiv feedback ska alltid prioriteras. Misstänks någon form av ätstörning bör eleven uppmärksammas och problemet hanteras direkt. Syns förändring på kropp eller mående ska frågan riktas mot måendet, inte kroppen.The discovery of eating disorders in students is difficult because it is not always visible on the outside. Eating disorders are rather about an unfair self-image, nega-tive thoughts and feelings about oneself. Students with eating disorders are there-fore a challenge for riding instructors and trainers as the knowledge is often lack-ing. The purpose of the work is to investigate the experiences of riding instructors and trainers regarding eating disorders in students. Another aim is to investigate how professionals in eating disorder problems recommend trainers and riding in-structors to relate to students with problems. The study addresses the following questions: How do riding teachers and trainers view the problem of eating disor-ders in students? What knowledge do riding instructors and trainers think they need about eating disorder problems in young people? How do employees in profes-sional equine-assisted intervention services perceive that riding instructors/trainers can contribute to preventing eating disorders? The method used in the study was qualitative semi-structured interviews. Three riding instructors, three trainers and two professionals in horse-assisted interventions participated. The material collect-ed was transcribed and analyzed through content analysis. The results showed that all respondents have experience with eating disorders in students. The number of students with eating disorders varies and thus also the problem. All respondents believe that social media can be a strong contributing factor. Parents are consid-ered both an aid and a challenge. Opinions differ on how much knowledge the riding teacher/trainer should have about mental illness and eating disorders. The study includes two professional businesses within equine-assisted interventions that have seen positive effects of therapy with the help of the horse. The profes-sional organizations believe that riding instructors and trainers should have more knowledge in the subject. In conclusion of this study, riding instructors and train-ers do have variating experiences of eating disorders in students. Some belive that riding instructors/trainers should stick to be training horses and riders. Others be-live that they need more knowledge about the existing problem. The professionals in equine assisted therapy belive that the problem is also increasing in society. The professionals believe that riding instructors/trainers should have basic knowledge of how to handle student with problems. For example, the requirements for stu-dents with problems should be lowered so they have the possibility to achieve the goal and the positive feedback shold always be prioritized. If any form of eating disorder is suspected, attention should be drawn to the student and the problem should be dealt with immediately. If a change in body or mood is seen, the ques-tion should be directed at the mood, not the body