Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

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    Improved logging in tropical rainforest for carbon sequestration

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    There is huge potential for Malaysian Borneo to play a crucial role in mitigating climate change if improved logging techniques that could potentially create a sustainable carbonsink with higher carbon stock than degraded forest or plantation. Therefore, this study revealed the improved logging techniques of supervised logging (directional felling and pre-aligned skid trails), and climber cutting in above ground carbon sequestration and carbon storage in relation to a published data from fast growing timber plantation and old-growth and secondary rainforests

    Minns din plats

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    Skånes många brännerier har haft stor påverkan på både landskapet och alkoholkulturen som format vårt samhälle, men håller nu på att förfalla och delar av vårt kulturhistoriska arv med det. Olika verktyg av kulturhistorisk värdering används inom kulturmiljövården för att bevara kulturhistoriska miljöer och utgår ifrån både fakta och upplevelser för värdering. Verktygen är dock bäst applicerbara på välbevarade miljöer. Bevarande av industrimiljöer så som brännerier görs utöver detta oftast på byggnaderna och inte utemiljön. För att kunna bevara och uppmärksamma brännerierna behövs fokus även riktas på miljöernas förfallna aspekter och utemiljöerna som omgärdar bränneribyggnaderna. Ett sätt att fördjupa perspektiven är genom autoetnografiska undersökningar, som grundas i personliga erfarenheter, då långvarig relation till kulturhistoriska platser inte fångas upp av sakkunniga som genomför de kulturhistoriska värderingarna utan snarare av personer med långvarig kontakt med platserna. Detta arbete är en metodutveckling av Maria Flincks modell för kulturhistorisk värdering av historiska trädgårdar (2013), som i sin tur bygger på Axel Unnerbäcks Kulturhistorisk värdering av bebyggelse (2002). Syftet är att komplettera modellen med värden som kan uppfattas som en följd av långvarig relation till en kulturhistorisk miljö. Arbetsobjektet är utemiljön vid Brandsberga bränneri, en förfallen historisk industrimiljö i norra Skåne. Arbetet utgår från följande forskningsfråga: Hur kan autoetnografi genom personliga minnen och upplevelser komplettera etablerad kulturhistorisk värderingsmetod? Arbetet utgick från en analys av Brandsberga bränneri som genomfördes med Maria Flincks variant av verktyget kulturhistorisk värdering som baseras på kategorier inom faktabaserade dokumentvärden och upplevelsevärden, anpassat för historiska utemiljöer. Utöver en kulturhistorisk värdering genomfördes en autoetnografisk undersökning som genom flödesskrivning gav empiriskt material baserat på barndomsminnen och nutida upplevelser. Det empiriska materialet insamlat genom de båda metoderna jämfördes för att undersöka likheter och skillnader i beskrivningen av Brandsberga bränneri. Resultatet visar att en autoetnografisk undersökning kan bidra med fördjupade perspektiv i de kulturhistoriska värderingskategorierna som faller under upplevelsevärden. Dessa upplevelsevärden kan vara av vikt när helheten vägs samman för en kulturhistorisk värdering, och påverka bevarande eller uppmärksammande av platsen. En förändring i hur man ser på förfallna kulturhistoriska industrimiljöer kan påverka både kulturmiljövården och landskapsarkitekturen, där båda ämnesområdena hanterar utemiljöer som har använts och än idag används av människor. Båda ämnesområdena kan också förändra dessa platser för att anpassa dem till människorna, och påverka hur de upplevs, vilket påverkas av fördjupade perspektiv inom upplevelsevärden.The many distilleries in Scania have had great effect on both landscape and alcohol culture in Sweden, but are now abandoned, together with their heritage. Culture and historical evaluation is a tool in different versions used on cultural-historical environments by the cultural heritage conservation, and is based on both facts and experiences. The versions of the tool are, however, best applicable to well-preserved environments. Preservation of industrial environments, such as distilleries, is mostly focused on the buildings rather than the outdoor surroundings. To be able to preserve and highlight the distilleries, attention must also be directed towards the aspects of the abandoned environments and the outdoor spaces surrounding the distillery buildings. One way to deepen perspectives is through autoethnographic investigations, which are based on personal experiences, as long-term relationships with cultural-historical sites are not captured by experts conducting the cultural-historical assessments. This in order to draw attention to values in deteriorating historical industrial environments, with Brandsberga distillery as the subject of study. The research question was: How can autoethnography through personal memories and experiences complement the traditional method of cultural-historical assessment? This work is a method development af Maria Flinck’s model for cultural-historical assessment of historical gardens (2013), which is based on Axel Unnerbäck’s Kulturhistorisk värdering av bebyggelse (2013) (Translation: Cultural-historical assessment of build envinonments). The purpose is to complement the model with values that can be perceived as result of a long-term relationship to a cultural-historical environment. The subject of study is the outdoor environment of Brandsberga distillery, a deteriorated historical industrial site in the north of Scania county. The work is based on the following research question: How can autoethnography through personal memories and experiences complement established method of cultural-historical assessment? The work was based on Maria Flinck’s variation of the tool cultural-historical assessment, adapted for historical outdoor environments, which includes various describing categories. Empirical material based on childhood memories and present experiences was collected through flow writing and analyzed in the autoethnographic study. The results of both methods were then compared to distinguish differences and similarities in descriptions and perspectives in the outdoor environment of Brandsberga bränneri. The results show that an autoethnographic study can contribute with deeper perspectives in the cultural-historical valuation categories related to experiential values. These experiential values can be important when considering the overall assessment of a cultural-historical site, and can influence preservation or attention to the location. A change in how we view deteriorating cultural-historical industrial environments can impact both cultural heritage conservation and landscape architecture, as both fields deal with outdoor spaces that have been used and continue to be used by people. Both subject areas can also modify these places to adapt to the people, and influence how they are perceived, which is affected by deeper perspectives within experiential values

    Assessing water balance and yields in Malawian cropping systems : maize soybean and maize Gliricidia systems resilience against climate change

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    In Malawi, maize monocultures are increasingly susceptible to extreme weather patterns, causing considerable yield reduction and heightened food insecurity for smallholder farmers dependent on rainfed subsistence agriculture. Diversifying cropping systems is crucial for ensuring yield resilience. The aim of this thesis was to explore water balances and yields across legume maize intercropping and agroforestry systems in rural Lilongwe, Malawi, under current and projected climate change scenarios. Hereby, the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM) maize and soybean baseline models were calibrated, using yield, management, and soil data from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) station trials conducted from 2018 to 2022 at the Chitedze Agricultural Research Station. Maize soybean intercropping and maize Gliricidia agroforestry systems were modelled in a present and three climate change scenarios using the Statistical Downscaling Model (SDSM). Climate prediction data was sourced from an ensemble of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) models. Main output parameters were single component and whole system water productivity, evaporative stress index and yields. While intercropped maize yields were higher by 2 t ha-1 compared to the monoculture system in the present scenario, long-term maize yields were higher by 1 t ha-1 in the agroforestry. This pattern was also observed in maize water productivity, which was higher in the long-term agroforestry system by 1 kg ha-1 mm-1. Soybean yields, and evaporative stress index were highest in the intercropping system across all scenarios with an average difference of 0.8 t ha-1 in soybean yields and 2.5 mm mm-1 in evaporative stress index compared to the sole soybean system. Therefore, I conclude that agroforestry maize systems will show higher yield and water productivity resilience under a long-term climate change scenario. Additionally, results suggest that maize soybean intercropping is more beneficial for water allocation and soybean yields than a mono cropped soybean system. More research and data collection needs to be done in the field of crop agroforestry to solidify presented modelling results

    Changes in fluid balance in horses with EMS during short-term treatment with an SGLT-2 inhibitor

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    Ekvint metabolt syndrom (EMS) är ett sjukdomskomplex innefattande flertalet riskfaktorer för att utveckla endokrinologisk fång. Främst innebär EMS insulindysreglering (ID), vilket yttrar sig som hyperinsulinemi (onormalt höga koncentrationer av insulin i blodet). Insulin frisätts från pankreas β-celler efter födointag då blodglukos ökar, vilket stimulerar upptag av glukos till vävnaderna. Hästars β-celler har en god förmåga att upprätthålla insulinproduktionen under lång tid och det är ovanligt att hästar drabbas av diabetes mellitus typ 2 (DMT2). Hyperinsulinemi är en vanlig orsak till att hästar drabbas av fång, men den exakta mekanismen är ej klarlagd. Fång är en smärtsam sjuk-dom där lamellagret i hovarna blir inflammerat. Ponnyraser och hästar som beskrivs som lättfödda anses vara särskilt utsatta för att drabbas av EMS. Många hästar med EMS är överviktiga, men hästar med normalt hull kan också ha EMS. I dagsläget behandlas EMS med foder- och skötselåtgärder. Det är viktigt att utfodra med ett grovfoder innehållande en låg halt icke-strukturella kolhydrater för att minska graden av postprandiell hyperinsulinemi. Natrium-glukos-kotransportör 2 (SGLT2) återfinns i njurarna och resorberar glukos. Genom att hämma SGLT2 minskar glukosresorptionen, vilket sänker blodglukosnivån och minskar insulin-frisättningen. För att behandla DMT2 hos människor används SGLT2-hämmare och läkemedlen utvärderas nu som behandlingsalternativ till hästar med EMS. Ett mindre antal studier har genomförts där SGLT2-hämmare utvärderats som behandling till hästar med EMS och studierna indikerar att läkemedlen sänker insulinnivån samt har potential att förhindra fång. Studier på både människa och häst har påvisat en viktminskning vid behandling med SGLT2-hämmare. Eftersom läkemedlen ger upphov till osmotisk diures är det betydelsefullt att undersöka om viktnedgången orsakas av vätskeförluster eller negativ energibalans. Hos människa avtar den diuretiska effekten efter några veckors behandling, men trots detta ses en fortsatt viktnedgång och därmed är det negativ energibalans som ger upphov till viktminskningen. I denna studie deltog 15 privatägda hästar med konstaterad EMS. De ingick i tre olika behandlings-grupper med fem hästar i varje grupp och behandlades med SGLT2-hämmaren kanagliflozin per os med dosen 0,6 mg/kg eller 1,2 mg/kg, alternativt placebo. Hästarna behandlades i hemmiljö under tre veckors tid och före och efter behandlingen genomgick dem glukosbelastningstester vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU). Resultatet visade en signifikant viktnedgång hos hästarna som behand-lades med kanagliflozin jämfört med placebogruppen, men ingen skillnad sågs mellan doserna 0,6 mg/kg och 1,2 mg/kg. Ingen påverkan på parametrarna hematokrit, totalprotein eller osmolalitet påvisades vid behandling med kanagliflozin. De kanagliflozinbehandlade hästarna hade inte heller några kliniska tecken på dehydrering. Därmed tyder studien på att viktnedgången hos de kanagliflozinbehandlade hästarna är orsakad av negativ energibalans snarare än vätskeförluster.Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) is a disease complex involving several risk factors for developing laminitis. Primarily, EMS involves insulin dysregulation (ID), typically manifested as hyperinsulinemia (abnormally high concentrations of insulin the blood). Food intake causes an increase in blood glucose levels, stimulating the release of insulin from pancreatic β-cells. Insulin, in turn, stimulates glucose uptake by tissues. Horses' β-cells can maintain insulin production over long time periods, and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DMT2) is rare in horses. Hyperinsulinemia is a common cause of laminitis in horses, but the exact mechanism is unclear. Laminitis is a painful condition involving inflammation of the lamellae in the hooves. Pony breeds and horses described as easy keepers are considered particularly prone to EMS. Many horses with EMS are overweight, but those with a normal body condition can also have EMS. Currently, EMS is treated primarily by dietary management using feeds low in non-structural carbohydrates aiming at decreasing post-prandial hyperinsulinemia. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) is found in the kidneys and reabsorbs glucose. Inhibition of SGLT2 reduces renal glucose reabsorption, lowers blood glucose levels, and decreases insulin secretion. SGLT2 inhibitors are used to treat DMT2 in humans, and this group of drugs are currently being evaluated as an off-label treatment option for horses with EMS. A limited number of studies have been conducted on SGLT2 inhibitors as a pharmacological treatment for EMS in horses. Results from these studies indicate that the drugs reduce insulin concentrations and have the potential to prevent laminitis. Studies in both humans and horses have shown weight loss during SGLT2 inhibitor treatment. As the drugs induce osmotic diuresis, it is crucial to investigate whether the weight loss is due to fluid loss or negative energy balance. In humans, the diuretic effect diminishes after a few weeks of treatment, yet weight loss persists, suggesting that negative energy balance is responsible for the weight loss. In this study, 15 privately owned horses with confirmed EMS participated. Horses were divided into three groups and were treated with the SGLT2 inhibitor canagliflozin per os at a dose of 0.6 mg/kg or 1.2 mg/kg, or placebo. The horses were treated at home for three weeks, and before and after treatment, they underwent glucose challenge tests at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). The result revealed a significant weight loss in horses treated with canagliflozin compared to the placebo group and no difference between the two doses was found. No impact on hematocrit, total protein, or serum osmolality was observed. The horses also showed no clinical signs of dehydration. Thus, the result from the study suggests that weight loss in treated horses is caused by negative energy balance rather than fluid losses

    Växthusgasutsläpp från torvjord som tinar på våren : en jämförelse mellan gödslad och ogödslad jord

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    Peat soils drained for agriculture and forestry contribute to a significant amount of greenhouse gas emissions. Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas with high warming potential and agriculture in general accounts for about 70 % of nitrous oxide emissions. Much of the nitrous oxide emissions from soils occur during short periods of high emission peaks when conditions are favourable. For some soils, one of the most important events regarding nitrous oxide is spring thaw emissions, which is when most of the gas is released. Winter events, such as the spring thaw, are likely to change if the winter becomes warmer in the future, which in turn could affect the emissions. The fertilization rate might also affect the emission rate as substrate availability can affect the denitrifying organisms. Carbon dioxide contributes to the largest climate-warming potential from cultivated organic soils, so its emission trends are also interesting to study in freezing and thawing events. This study aimed to investigate the impact of autumn fertilization on carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide emissions in the spring, and further to see if certain soil properties could be connected to higher emissions. Measurements of the two treatments (fertilized and unfertilized) were performed in a field experiment outside of Uppsala, combined with a laboratory study with soil samples from the same site. Several freezing and thawing cycles were performed on soil samples in the laboratory. The results of the field measurement showed a large increase in emissions of both gases in late spring. There was no significant difference between the treatments for any of the gases, albeit the unfertilized samples showed a tendency of a higher average nitrous oxide emission level compared to the fertilized ones. In the laboratory experiment, the fertilized samples had significantly higher nitrous oxide emissions compared to the unfertilized samples in the first freezing and thawing cycle. There was no significant difference in the other cycles or between treatments of carbon dioxide emissions. Soil temperature in both field and laboratory experiments had a positive correlation with gas emissions, indicating that increasing soil temperature leads to higher greenhouse gas emissions. Soil water content did not correlate with the emissions, but volumetric water content was high in the soil samples, which indicates that the water content was within optimal range for denitrification. This study does not provide an unequivocal result on whether fertilization increases or decreases nitrous oxide emissions. There is uncertainty about the conflicting results between treatments from the field and laboratory measurement, but nitrate leaching may be a reason for the lower nitrous oxide emissions from the field, due to late autumn fertilization. A warmer climate may result in more freezing and thawing cycles in the future, several cycles were not visible in the field measurement, but by using a higher frequency measurement method could it be studied more closely in the future

    Nils Bruces park på Krubbemölla

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    Öster om Vitaby samhälle och söder om Vitaby kyrkby på Österlen, i en dalgång där Mölleån rinner fram, ligger en möllegård som heter Krubbemölla. Mellan åren 1858 och 1887 bodde arrendatorn Nils Bruce här. Han tillträdde 1858 när han pensionerades från sitt arbete som hejderidare vid Christinehof. Nils Bruce levde sina sista 27 år i livet på Krubbemölla. På Krubbemölla anlade Nils Bruce en parkliknande trädgårdsanläggning med gångar, lusthus, grotta och trädgårdsväxter (Bruce, Tomas 2013). Av parken finns få spår kvar men Albo härads hembygdsförening arbetar aktivt för att ta reda på hur parken en gång kan ha sett ut. Målet är att försöka återskapa en version av Bruces park. Hur parken såg ut och var den låg finns beskrivet i en syneförättning från 1866. Syneförrättningen utfördes på Nils Bruces egen begäran och undertecknad av riksdagsman Nils Andersson (Bruce, Tomas 2013). Albo härads hembygdsförening har under våren 2023 arbetat med att ta bort buskvegetationen på Krubbemölla och fotograferat de perenner och lökväxter som blommat under sommaren 2023. Fotografierna, syneförrättningen har legat till grund för att göra ett gestaltningsförslag för hur parken kan ha sett ut. Genom släktkrönikan, kyrkböcker och husförhörslängder har de olika platserna Nils Bruce bott på innan han flyttade till Krubbemölla blivit synliga. Nils Bruce växte upp i Baldringe, 6 km från Krageholms gods där en parkanläggning fanns. Han arbetade vid Christinehofs gods som hejderidare mellan 1842 och 1858. Även här fanns en parkanläggning som kan ha inspirerat Nils Bruce.East of Vitaby community and south of Vitaby church village on Österlen, in a valley where the Mölleån flows, lies a mill farm called Krubbemölla. Between 1858 and 1887, tenant Nils Bruce lived here. He moved here 1858 when he retired from his work as a forest ranger at Christinehof. Nils Bruce lived his last 27 years of life at Krubbemölla. At Krubbemölla, Nils Bruce created a park with walkways, a gazebo, a cave and garden plants (Bruce, Tomas 2013). There are few traces of the park left, but Albo härads local community is working actively to find out what the park may once have looked like. The goal is to try to recreate a version of Bruce's park. What the park looked like and where it was located is described in a visual inspection from 1866. The visual inspection was carried out at Nils Bruce's own request and signed by member of parliament Nils Andersson (Bruce, Tomas 2013). During the spring of 2023, Albo härad's home community association worked to remove the shrub vegetation at Krubbemölla and photographed the perennials that bloom during the summer of 2023. The photographs, the visual inspection, have been the basis for making a design proposal for what the park might have looked like. Through the family chronicle the various places Nils Bruce lived in before he moved to Krubbemölla have been known. Nils Bruce grew up in Baldringe, 6 km from Krageholm's estate where there was a park facility. He worked at Christinehofs estate as a forest ranger between 1842 and 1858. Christinehofs park seems to have inspired Nils Bruce

    En djupdykning i sjöfåglars födosökningsbeteende i relation till födotillgång

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    Foragers in patchy environments need to decide what patches to use and how to allocate their time between them. Optimal foraging theory describes these choices through the relationship between energy expenditure and energy gain. Very few studies testing this have had spatiotemporally overlapping data on both predator & prey movement, but in this study an autonomous sail drone (USV) equipped with an echosounder was used to map the prey abundance with high resolution around a guillemot colony. Hydroacoustic data was combined with movement tracking data of common guillemots from the colony to determine how prey distribution and abundance affects foraging behaviour. Patch selection was investigated by comparing abundance of different patches with utilization, while GAMMs were used to describe the dive behaviour in patches with different prey abundance and depth distributions. It was found that guillemots mostly utilized patches with shallow prey and that time of day affected the depth and duration of dives, indicating that diel vertical migration patterns of prey influences dive behaviour of guillemots. The total foraging effort per trip did not decrease when dive duration increased, indicating that patches are only of acceptable quality, as total foraging effort did not decrease. It was also found that guillemots targeted patches with more available biomass further from the colony. This study increases the understanding of how guillemots are likely to be affected by further changes in prey populations and as seabirds are good indicators of overall ecosystem health this method can possibly also be used for several different species within different monitoring programmes. Mapping prey distribution with an USV is also a pioneering method that offers a time-and cost-effective method for obtaining data with high spatiotemporal resolution

    Contextual Implications on Sustainable Entrepreneurship : a qualitative study on Food Waste Platforms contribution to reducing food waste in Sweden

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    The global issue of food waste persists, with local digital solutions emerging to address aspects of this problem. Inspired by new economic models like the shared economy, Food waste platforms embody sustainable entrepreneurship. The platforms aspire to deliver social, environmental, and financial values in the process of creating value from waste in redistributing food in a secondary market. However, given the high degree of interactions due to the involvement of many actors in these sustainable business models and the existing gap in studies focusing on these interactions, it is currently unclear how these dynamics can either be an opportunity or a limit for sustainable entrepreneurship. Additionally, the process of navigating these opportunities and the challenges that the context poses is not well-explored. This study combines sustainable entrepreneurship with contextualized entrepreneurship to enhance the understanding of interactions as micro-processes within the entrepreneurial context of business models in the shared economy. Through a multi-case study involving three food waste platforms in Sweden and their partners, key findings reveal that these platforms evolve through co-creation with many actors, facilitated through agency in their operating context. The study emphasizes the importance of context in comprehending sustainable entrepreneurship, while giving insight to what collaborative business models in the shared economy means for the sustainable entrepreneurship in the creation of values.Det globala problemet med matsvinn kvarstår, med lokala digitala lösningar som dyker upp för att adressera olika aspekter av detta problem. Inspirerade av nya ekonomiska modeller som delningsekonomin representerar matsvinnsplattformar hållbart entreprenörskap. Dessa plattformar strävar efter att leverera sociala, miljömässiga och ekonomiska värden i processen att skapa värde från avfall genom att omfördela mat på en sekundär marknad. Men med tanke på den höga graden av interaktioner på grund av deltagandet av många aktörer i dessa hållbara affärsmodeller och den befintliga kunskapsbristen när det gäller dessa interaktioner är det för närvarande oklart hur dessa dynamiker kan vara antingen en möjlighet eller en begränsning för hållbart entreprenörskap. Dessutom är processen att navigera dessa möjligheter och de utmaningar som sammanhanget medför inte välutforskad. Denna studie kombinerar hållbart entreprenörskap med kontextualiserat entreprenörskap för att öka förståelsen för interaktioner som mikroprocesser inom det entreprenöriella sammanhanget för affärsmodeller i delningsekonomin. Genom en flerfallsstudie som involverar tre matsvinnsplattformar i Sverige och deras partners avslöjar nyckelfynd att dessa plattformar utvecklas genom samskapande med många aktörer, underlättat genom handlingsutrymme i deras verksamhetskontext. Studien betonar vikten av sammanhanget för att förstå hållbart entreprenörskap samtidigt som den ger insikt i vad samarbetsinriktade affärsmodeller i delningsekonomin innebär för hållbart entreprenörskap i skapandet av värden

    Histopatologisk bedömning av lymfom hos hund, med fokus på den inflammatoriska mikromiljön och serglycinnivån i drabbade lymfknutor

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    Research has shown that inflammation plays a significant role in the microenvironments of several cancer types, contributing to the pathogenesis and affecting prognosis. This study proposed an investigation of the microenvironment in canine lymphoma, where much of this is still unknown. This study aimed to analyze the degree of inflammation, serglycin expression, and mitotic rate in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded lymphoma tissue from canine lymph nodes. The study utilized 13 unclassified lymphomas, classified as B or T as part of the study, along with eight controls, reactive lymph nodes with typical architecture. The results could not provide evidence that there is inflammation in canine lymph nodes with lymphoma, however, it could neither rule out that there is an inflammation that primarily consists of lymphocytes and macrophages, (with low involvement of other inflammatory cells) since macro-phages and lymphocytes were abundant in both cases and reactive controls. Of the lymphomas, seven were classified as B-type, three as T-type, and three could neither be classified as B, nor T. Serglycin expression in the lymphoma tissue was significantly lower than in the control tissue. Initial insight into the levels of serglycin expression in canine lymphoma is provided by this study, and further investigation is required to understand its significance. The study's findings could help ,guide future research on canine lymphoma. Follow-up studies could include the classification and distribution of different subtypes of lymphocytes and macrophages, more cases, and lymphoma tissues from other organs. They could also include more advanced methods such as single-cell RNA sequencing, which can classify all cells in a tissue on transcriptome level.Inflammation har visats ha en betydande roll i mikromiljön hos flera typer av cancer, det bidrar både till patogenesen och påverkar prognosen. Denna studie hade för avsikt att undersöka mikromiljön i lymfom hos hund, där mycket av detta fortfarande är outforskat. Studiens huvudsakliga syfte var att analysera av graden av inflammation, mitoser och serglycin-uttryck i formalinfixerad och paraffininbäddad lymfomvävnad från hundlymfknutor. Studien använde 13 oklassificerade lymfom, vilka klassificerades som B- eller T-cellslymfom som en del av studien, samt åtta kontroller vilka var reaktiva lymfknutor som uppvisade en normal arkitektur. Studiens resultat har inte kunnat ge några tydliga belägg för att det är inflammation i lymfknutor med lymfom hos hund, men det har heller inte kunnat utesluta att det finns en inflammation där, som huvudsakligen består av lymfocyter och makrofager (med låg infiltration av andra inflammato-riska celler) eftersom lymfocyter och makrofager fanns i stort antal i bådelymfomen och de reaktiva kontrollymfknutorna. Av lymfomen klassificerades åtta som B-cellslymfom, sju som T-cellslymfom och tre kunde varken klassas som B eller T. Serglycinuttrycket i lymfomvävnaden var signifikant lägre än i kontrollvävnaden. Studien ger en första inblick i nivåerna av serglycinuttryck i lymfom hos hund, men ytterligare undersökning krävs för att förstå betydelsen av detta. Studiens resultat kan hjälpa till att vägleda framtida forskning om lymfom hos hund. Ytterligare studier behövs och skulle kunna innefatta klassificering och distribution av olika subtyper av lymfocyter och makrofager, större antal fall, och inkludering av andra vävnader än lymfknutor. Uppföljning av denna studie skulle också kunna innefatta mer avancerade metoder som single-cell RNA sequencing, med vilken man kan klassificera alla celler i en vävnad på transkriptomnivå

    The role of Swedish botanic gardens in conservation of rare and endangered Nordic plants

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    Två av fem kända växtarter och deras habitat uppges idag vara utrotningshotade, främst till följd av mänsklig aktivitet – vilket i förlängningen utgör ett hot mot mänskligheten, då viktiga ekosystemtjänster förloras. Detta scenario ställer högre krav på bevarandet av hotade och sällsynta arter. Uppsatsen syfte var att undersöka hur svenska botaniska trädgårdar arbetar för att behålla biologisk mångfald, med fokus på nordiska växter – samt identifiera hinder och skillnader i det arbetet. För att besvara frågeställningen genomfördes en litteraturstudie, kombinerat med intervjuer med vetenskapliga intendenter vid tre svenska botaniska trädgårdar. Resultaten indikerar variationer i syn- och arbetssätt för bevarandearbete bland de svenska botaniska trädgårdarna. För närvarande finns inget nationellt uppdrag för trädgårdarna, men det förekommer samarbetsprojekt på egna initiativ. Trädgården i Lund har ett pågående projekt för hotade skånska arter, Göteborgs trädgård samarbetar med länsstyrelsen för bevarande av martorn och ostronört – medan trädgården i Stockholm uppgav att de inte har något pågående bevarandearbete. Alla trädgårdar ingår i nationella och internationella nätverk för botaniska trädgårdar – vilka ansågs som nycklar i framtida bevarandearbete. Hindren för bevarandearbete inkluderar brist på samordning, långsiktig finansiering, begränsade resurser, nationsgränser och politiskt beslutsfattande. En slutsats är att vidare undersöka Naturvårdsverkets och länsstyrelsernas inställning till ett nationellt uppdrag för artbevarande, som involverar de botaniska trädgårdarna.Two out of five known plant species and their habitats are currently reported to be endangered, primarily because of human activities – which ultimately constitutes a threat against humanity, as crucial ecosystem services are compromised. This imposes increased demands on the preservation of endangered and rare species. The purpose of the essay was to examine how Swedish botanic gardens work towards maintaining biodiversity, with a specific focus on Nordic plants, and to identify obstacles and distinctions in this undertaking. A literature review, supplemented by interviews with scientific curators at three botanic gardens, was conducted to address the research question. The results suggest variations in perspectives and methods concerning conservation efforts among the botanic gardens. Currently there is no national assignment that includes the gardens, however there are self-initiated collaborative projects. The garden in Lund has an ongoing project for endangered species in Skåne, Gothenburg’s botanic garden collaborates with the county administrative board on Eryngium maritimum and Mertensia maritima – while the garden in Stockholm reports no ongoing projects. All gardens are part of national and international networks for botanic gardens, which are considered key in future conservation work. Obstacles to conservation efforts primarily include a lack of coordination, longterm funding, constrained resources, national borders, and political decisionmaking. A conclusion drawn is to further investigate the stance of the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and county administrative boards regarding a national assignment for species conservation, that involves botanic gardens

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